Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article titled Challenges of Agricultural Marketing of Pymes Grown and Marketed Aji Topito in the Municipality of Galapa 2015, was conducted in the first half of 2014, in the town of Galapa, Department of the Atlántico, the study was quantitative, descriptive, not experimental, transversal, we worked with a population of 150 farmers, with a confidence level of 95 %, a margin of error of 5 %; values of p and q by pilot 50 % test, resulting in a sample of 72. For this study, detailed analysis of the activity of Aji Topito crops were conducted using surveys, interviews and workshops, using group work methodologies and performing analysis correct. Sought was to implement and learn a detailed knowledge both productive and commercial process of these microentrepreneurs and growers Ají Topito in order to meet the capacity and economic and social development of this form of market in the town. was analyzed the factors involved in the efficiency, local intervention, rural area production, administrative interests, the difficult conditions in which farmers work, opportunistic traders  who economically pay much less than the cost of the product. The study concluded that the lack of strengthening the productive chain Aji Topito, has created a weakness in the market, This allowed who the product finished in hand of the hoarders, decreasing the profits of farmers and small traders in the region, affecting in some way the development of local production, which has had to adjust to the circumstances that this market without observing a response from those who make part of the supply chain, involving the same way to government agencies and trade groups of farmers in the region.

The article presents the study of a phenomenon of corporate life from the description of the organizational culture in three organizations educational character in the city of Santa Marta - Colombia, whose objective was guided to describe the organizational culture, where it is possible to show different dynamics as part of the operation and relationships in terms of the context in which institutions develop. This is a qualitative study on the methodological perspective of phenomenology, transversal, a sample of 30 people (teachers and administrative staff of the body), selected from a convenience sample. Information from the use of the technique of focus groups was collected, and an instrument of information gathering semi-structured interview. It was found that; these institutions, are within a culture elemental level (Level 1) which is the results to according to Schein (1988) the lack of integration and the introduction of basic presumptions a basic level of stability achieve solutions to several basic alternatives.

The implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to small retailers of consumer goods in a city of Colombia (Medellin) is analyzed. From an empirical investigation it is studied some elements that generate positioning for these traders face the threat of large retailers (supermarkets with modern trade) including the construct of CSR and some components that produce reputation for these people against those competitors. It is discussed in the literature how the concept of CSR is associated with small businesses, the relationship between this variable and retailing studying the main results of research carried out with neighborhood shopkeepers (small retailers) in Medellin during 2011 in which also intervened customers of these dealers and some of its suppliers (manufacturers, wholesale distributors). Qualitative research methodology based on Grounded Theory supplemented with Ethnography is also exposed. Data collection was conducted through individual semi-structured depth interviews, focus groups and non- participant observation. Finally, a discussion of the main findings as well as their most relevant conclusions is made.

This paper has as its main objective of use the TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) with graph theory in order to design routing strategies in a distribution network, looking for an efficient way to be made in regard to distance and time used for attending customer’s requirements. Additionally, the paper develops a case of application of the methodology in a Meat Company located in the city of Medellín. As a result, we find that the use of TSP with graph produces a route with the minimum distance in the distribution network; it was demonstrated in the case of application.

This paper has the objective to identify the main causes of unschooling and its incidence by sex, age in the commune 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the District of Santa Marta for 2011. To meet this objective a census was applied in the study area, a characterization of unschooling was conducted and a logistic regression model was applied to identify the variables that affect the probability of being unschooled. Found Among the reasons most frequently presented as a cause of unschooling are the problems at home, pregnancy , parenthood , the need to work , changing family home , among others presented in this paper . Finally, these results allow to point out the need to develop strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of unschooling in different age groups and differentially for each of the sexes.

This article arises from research of a course in International Corporate Governance of our Ph.D. from the University of St. Gallen (Switzerland) and applied in a company that has suffered a scandal which would affect its operations in Nicaragua. The analysis applied from the KISS Principles of the professor Dr. Martin Hilb of University of St.Gallen. The violations of law that underlie the case described in this paper stem from actions and omissions relating to BellSouth’s subsidiary in Nicaragua, Telefonía Celular de Nicaragua, S.A. This is a reflexion article is only for academic purposes.

This paper deals with poverty and inequality tendencies in Colombia in order to establish the decisive factors in their variation, both measuring and decreasing of this problematic depends of many factors. Taking real enterprise cases, private intervention through social responsibility and checking statistics of social state expenditure, it is proposed to establish the incidence of these kinds of interventions in the positive variations of poverty and inequality figures in Colombia, the limitations of state policies and the following course of social responsibility. These references is to study the mechanism which can affect in a strong way in the decreasing of poverty and inequality and increasing of life level of population. The methodology used was a documentary revision of specialized bibliography.

This study aimed to evaluate the early growth of three rubber tree clones (Hevea brasiliensis) (FX 4098, FDR 5788, and control IAN 873) in four planting systems with cupuasu (Theobroma grandiflorum) and banana trees (Musa AAB) at two localities in Caquetá (Colombian Amazonia). A completely randomized block design with three replications and split-plot arrangement, analyzed with a general linear mixed model, was used at each locality. Total height (AT), trunk circumference (CT), canopy area (AC) and leaf area index (IAF) were evaluated one and two years after establishment of rubber trees. Trunk circumference was the variable most correlated with different growth indices (r ≥ 0.94). Four growth indices were strongly influenced by temporal and clonal variation and by planting system (p < 0.01). The only significant differences between the two localities were for AC (p < 0.05). System x clone interaction was significant for IAF (p < 0.01). After two years, the highest growth indices were observed in rubber tree clone FX 4098 (AT = 4.43 m; CT = 13.00 cm, AC = 4.62 m2; LAI = 1.37), and in two of the three agroforestry systems (AT ≥ 4.08 m, CT ≥ 11.43 cm, AC ≥ 4.01 m2; IAF ≥ 1.54) compared with the control system (monoculture).

The technical, energy, social and environmental benefits of the integration of commercial forest crops in Colombia under biorefinery concepts are evaluated. This concept is part of various programs and government policies that consider the energy use of biomass as an alternative source to the silvicultural potential of the country. In this paper we review some specific processes that can be evaluated as integration strategies with high potential to use the wood planted in Colombia under biorefinery concepts. The processes considered are low-middle power gasification, industrial scale gasification to high quality biofuel production, wood pretreatment to improve the solid biofuel and alternative methods for biochar production. Finally, we also review the value-added wood products market. To conclude we highlight the potential of Colombian forest in this industry, Through strategic alliances between universities, research centers and the forestry sector, more efficient and innovative development of new value-added products should be sought, taking advantage of the unexplored market opportunities in Colombia for bioenergy and bioproducts. This review aims to advance knowledge on the features and possible uses of forest species to produce bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts sustainably.

his study evaluate the effects of land use on the Camoa water basin in Meta by quantifying the effect of soil organic matter content (SOMC), bulk density and water content. These variables were evaluated by extracting ground cores from riparian forests and grasslands of different litter cover. We also evaluated the relationship between the SOMC and the water volume deficit using regressions. Likewise, using pitfall traps we identified the trophic organization of soil-superficial arthropods. Due to its higher SOMC (> 5%), the soils of highly productive forest (high litter content) had significantly higher water contents than soils from less productive forests and grasslands (p < 0.05 in both cases). The water content found among the studied soil cover types suggests that the role of run-off in forest has been underestimated. Water basin management should encourage the establishment of productive riparian forests with CMOE values higher than 5% in order to promote volume and continuity in water offer from rivers due to the generation of constant subsurface flow and the regulation of sporadic superficial run-offs. The variety of functions and interactions accomplished by arthropods in forest soils suggests that a highly structured trophic organization favors conversion of simple and complex compounds in humus and therefore would favor soil water retention capacity.