Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present study seeks to know the experiences of graduates when integrating into the labor sector and facing challenges, such as the demands of employers, the current crises of a social, economic and health nature: in the careers of Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Legal and Social Sciencies, Lawyer and Notary, Secondary School Teachers in Mathematics and Physics, Secondary Teachers in Pedagogy And Administration Technician, Bachelor of Pedagogy And Educational Administration, in terms of their employability to know their perceptions about the graduation profile and its effectiveness. The general objective is to identify the competencies that employers require according to the criteria of the professionals graduated according to their experiences in labor hiring situations. The methodological approach was qualitative, cross-sectional with a descriptive design and phenomenological scope. It was shown that 48.8% work in the public sector, 35.8% in private, and 15.4% are a relevant part of the enterprise. Regarding soft and hard skills, the results show that both are important for graduates. Within the process of academic training, it is important that strategies are implemented that allow the knowledge acquired to be put into practice in environments simulated to the real ones, that guarantee them a previous experience, and comply with the required standards in the labor field.

Dominant Masculinity Model is based on unequal relationships that originate, for the most part, in the naturalization of certain ways of thinking, acting, and relating to others that are considered appropriate for men. This paper presents a semantic analysis of the characteristics most frequently attributed to men by the participants of three studies on masculinity carried out in the cities of Guatemala, Quetzaltenango, and Chiquimula, between 2018 and 2021. The participants were a total of 1,329 students and 146 teachers from the University of San Carlos de Guatemala. Data collection was carried out though a questionary, paper based in the case of the Guatemala City students (2018) and digital for Quetzaltenango and Chiquimula students (2020) as well as for teachers in Guatemala City (2021). The results show that the most frequent characteristics are responsible, honest, hardworking, and respectful. Such characteristics can be considered the main articulators of masculine identity in its various roles and fields of action. The discussion of these findings is proposed as a contribution to understand and reflect on the mandates and provisions that continue reproduce and sustain the mechanisms of male domination.

The last two decades of research in the city of Cancuen and its neighbors, located in the La Pasion River Upper Basin, provided transcendental information to understand the functioning and the role of the ancient Mayan trade routes and, their incidence in the development of the pre-Hispanic cities. It was repeatedly stated that a city like Cancuen, with such development model supported by trade and/or linked to it, did not need a space for rituals such as public plazas with large pyramids, where the rulers reaffirmed their power, as seen in other Mayan cities such as Tikal, El Mirador, El Peru-Waka', Calakmul, to name some of them. Also, it was stated that the ritual activities in Cancuen were carried out in the nearby hills called mogotes. However, in this article it is proposed that the city did have a space for these purposes, being the Plaza Este, the space endowed with buildings and monuments to fulfill the role of axis mundi and, in any case, be a portal for rulers to carry out rituals to legitimize and consolidate their charisma and authority.

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Pollution by petrochemical plastics is a serious threat to the environment that requires the implementation of alternatives such as bioplastics to achieve sustainable development. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polymers used for the production of biodegradable plastics and have drawn attention as substitutes for fossil-based plastics. However, the cost of producing PHAs constitutes a barrier to their large-scale industrial production. Bacteria from saline environments bacteria are promising microorganisms for PHA synthesis due to their characteristics such as high salinity requirements that prevent microbial contamination, high intracellular osmotic pressure that allows easy cell lysis to purify PHAs, and the ability to use a broad spectrum of substrates. This research project aimed to determine the native strains of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria from Laguna de Ayarza capable of producing PHA, establish their ability to use agricultural residues for the production of PHA, and determine their efficiency. This was achieved through the inoculation of the PHA-producing strains in fermentation media with coffee pulp, banana peels and wheat bran, which allowed determining the most efficient strains. It was found that the PHA-producing bacteria belong to the species: Alcaligenes faecalis, Bacillus idriensis, Bacillus megaterium, Exiguobacterium acetylicum, E. aurantiacum, Pseudomonas cuatrocienegasensis and Staphylococcus capitis and that the strains AP21-14, AP21-10 and AP21-03 showed the best results that could be promising for production at an industrial level.

Metrics from 37 global climate models (GCMs) from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) with the purpose of simulating the climate of Guatemalan from 1971 to 2014. Monthly temperature and precipitation were compared with data from observation of the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia (CRU). A ranking of models was generated based on the shortest distance between three resignations based on three metrics; Pearson's Correlation Coefficient (PCC), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Standard Deviation (SD). This ordering coincides with the best values ​​of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for temperature and Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) for precipitation; other metrics are calculated; Spearman's correlation coefficient (CCS), mean bias errors (MBE), and mean absolute error (MAE). For precipitation, the first 5 models present KGE values ​​between 0.5 and 0.7, the CCP and CCS between 0.7 and 0.8 compared to CRU. For temperature, the first 5 models present NSE values ​​between 0.5 to 0.6, CCP, and CCS of 0.8. The models slightly overestimate temperature and underestimate precipitation. The models with the best ability were CIESM for temperature and the IPSL-CM6A-LR model for precipitation. Additionally, the average of 66 local stations is compared with CRU, presenting a KGE of 0.51, CCP of 0.77 for precipitation, and NSE of -0.,17, and a CCP of 0.20 for temperature. Finally, a table is presented with the first 10 models for each variable.  

Currently, there are around 537 million people affected by diabetes mellitus in the world, and it is estimated that by 2030 there will be 643 million. This research aimed to estimate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next 10 years, in patients in the outpatient clinic at the National Hospital of Jutiapa. We studied 341 patients, selected in a simple random way, applying the Findrisc score. The median age was 38 (18 – 78) years; 63.9% (218/341) women; median weight 66 (40-115) Kg, body mass index (BMI) 27.19 (17.14 – 48.68) and abdominal circumference 91 (67-125) cm. According to Findrisc, 19.3% (95% CI 15.5 % - 23.8%) (66/341) were at high or very high risk of developing diabetes. Of women, 51.8 % (113/218) had moderate to very high risk, while 80.6% (99/123) of men were between low and slightly elevated (p < .001). Those under 45 years of age, 68.8% (156/227) were at low or slightly high risk, while 63.8% (37/58) of those aged 45 to 54 years were at moderate to very high risk (p < .001). In conclusion, there is an increased risk of developing prediabetes and diabetes in the next 10 years in the population studied and the highest risk is for women and people over 45 years of age, so it is necessary to establish prevention strategies to reduce this risk.