Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

AbstractBetween 1931 and 1935, the competition for the Palace of the Soviets in Moscow was undoubtedly one of the most important architectural events of the 20th century. It brought together some of the most influential European architects of the time, such as Le Corbusier, E. Mendelsohn, W. Gropius and H. Poelzig, together with other important names of the Soviet scene, such as the famous Vesnin brothers, I. Zholtovsky, V. Shchuko and B. Iofan. Iofan. The competition, decided in favour of a group of Soviet architects led by Iofan himself, led to a series of opposing reactions led by Le Corbusier. From there, our goal will be none other than to recover some of these important works in order to put them in relation and try to contextualize the harsh reactions of European architects against the contest result.ResumenEntre 1931 y 1935 el concurso para el Palacio de los Soviets de Moscú fue, sin lugar a dudas, uno de los eventos arquitectónicos más importantes del siglo XX. En él se dieron cita algunos de los arquitectos europeos más influyentes del momento, como es el caso de Le Corbusier, E. Mendelsohn, W. Gropius y H. Poelzig; junto a otros importantes nombres del panorama soviético, como los célebres hermanos Vesnin, I. Zholtovsky, V. Shchuko y B. Iofan. El concurso, resuelto en favor de un grupo de arquitectos soviéticos encabezados por el propio Iofan, derivó en toda una serie de reacciones contrarias lideradas por Le Corbusier. A partir de ahí, nuestro objetivo no será otro que el de recuperar algunos de estos importantes trabajos para así ponerlos en relación y tratar de contextualizar las duras reacciones de los arquitectos europeos contra el resultado del concurso.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the agreement between the provisions issued by the National Fisheries Health Agency (SANIPES) with its Chilean counterpart and the principles approved by the World Organization for Animal Health (OMSA), regarding the use of antimicrobial agents in aquaculture. To do this, the national regulations regarding the use of antibiotics in aquatic species were compared with the OMSA aquatic animal health code and two Chilean regulations, a country where aquaculture is more developed in the region. The norms were taken to comparison matrices and were later analyzed. It was found that the Peruvian regulations mostly implemented the guidelines indicated in the OMSA principles for the use of antibiotics in aquaculture aimed at distributors of antimicrobials for use in fish and producers of aquatic species. On the other hand, it did not specifically contemplate the guidelines for the use of antibiotics by aquaculture health professionals or guidelines on off-label use, in the comparison of the OMSA regulations and those of Chile. The qualitative evaluation found agreement between the SANIPES regulations and the OMSA principles aimed at distributors of antibiotic products for use in fish and producers of aquatic species, but low agreement between the guidelines aimed at veterinarians. In addition, the two Chilean regulations had a more specific structure and almost fully implemented the OMSA principles compared to the Peruvian one, for which reason an improvement in the latter is suggested according to the reality of the sector.

The objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the variable's didactic strategies and clinical skills developed by students of Veterinary Medicine at the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) in Lima-Peru. The study was observational, descriptive, and correlational. A survey was applied to measure the perception of didactic strategies (teaching perception, cognitive, procedural, and attitudinal), and clinical skills were measured through the application of a questionnaire and a rubric. With Stata software (version 17), the relative and absolute frequency of the student's characteristics and the results of the questionnaire were determined. In addition, Spearman's correlation test was applied to evaluate the correlation between the study variables. A total of 167 students participated, who were between the 2nd and 8th academic cycles. Females represented 76.6% (128) and males 23.4% (39). Most of them were studying between the 2nd and 6th cycle of the course. The average score on the questionnaire and rubric was 13.7 ± 2.8. A total of 76.7% (128) of the students indicated that they agreed or completely agreed with the didactic strategies received. However, the correlation analysis between didactic strategies and clinical skills revealed the existence of a significant linear relationship between the dimensions of teacher perception (indicator: teaching strategies) present in Factor 1 (Rho= -0. 1698; p= 0.028); cognitive (indicator: evaluation with rubrics), present in Factor 4 (Rho= 0.1778; p= 0.0215); and attitudinal (indicator: evaluation with rubrics), present in Factor 5 (Rho= 0.1935; p= 0.0122). These results indicate the need to reflect on and review the teaching-learning process developed by the students.

The aim of this study was to analyze anatomic and histologically the mammary gland of the guinea pig. Sixteen female guinea pigs were used in two groups for the descriptive study of the mammary glands: Eight guinea pigs Peru breed and eight guinea pigs Andina breed. Each group was divided in subgroups conformed by: two guinea pig with eight weeks of age, three with twenty-one weeks of age and three with thirty-four weeks of age. The microscopic and macroscopic conformation of the structures of the mammary gland, its modifications and characteristics influenced by the age were evaluated. Thirty-three slides were realized for the histological evaluation to study samples of the secretory glandular portion and the nipple. In the glandular portion the conformation of the mammary lobes and lobules in different stages of the secretory process was observed; in the nipple it was observed keratinized stratified squamous epithelium cells and the predominance of irregular dense connective tissue. For the anatomical evaluation it was determined that the discoid shape conformed by two axes (major axis with cranial lateral direction and minor axis). These were located in the groin position related with the medial compartment of the thigh and have a lobed surface. The nipple was located in the right posterior quadrant of the mammary gland and showed a vertical, straight and flexible position.

The objective of the study was to describe the origin and gateway to Peru of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) during the period 2009 - 2018. For this, the information registered by the National Agrarian Health Service (SENASA) was analyzed. Information was obtained from 4525 records for the study period, observing a growing trend of domestic felines entering the country. The main continents of origin were South America (44.3%) and North America (28.7%). The countries that registered the highest number of animals entered into Peru were: United States (1061), Spain (511), Chile (489), Argentina (468), Colombia (308), Venezuela (294), Brazil (173), Mexico (140), Italy (131) and France (111). The main entry registration points were the International Lounge – Airport (49.7%) and the Callao Constitutional Province Air Control Post Office (45.2%). During the study period, December (13.2%), January (8.6%), July (8.5%) and August (9.7%) were the months with the highest entry of cats to Peru. It is important to maintain surveillance of the place of origin of domestic cats and evaluate the health condition of these countries in order to reduce the risk of entry of cross-border diseases into Peru through these animals.

The objective of the study was to estimate the population and describe the demographic characteristics and welfare status of the dogs that move freely through the streets of the Historic Center of Lima at night. For this, an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out. For this, the Plan of the Municipality of Cercado de Lima was taken into consideration, which was divided into six blocks using the following limits: in a transverse line Av. Tacna, Jr. De la Unión and Av. Abancay; and transversally the blocks with Jr. Moquegua and Jr. Huallaga will be limited. Each of the blocks was evaluated on a specific day. Three measurements were made for each sector on 3 consecutive days from 10:00 p.m. to 12:00 a.m. Information on number, size (small, medium, and large), sex (female, male, and undetermined), body condition (acceptable, skinny, or obese), lameness (yes, no), and skin condition (with or without visible lesions). The information obtained from the study was summarized using descriptive statistics. The study found a total average of 38 stray dogs and an estimated mean of 3.7 stray dogs per Km2 and 26 stray dogs per 100,000 inhabitants. The predominant characteristics of the stray dogs were male, large size and fair condition. The presence of skin lesions and signs of lameness was minimal. Based on the results, actions can be taken to comply with Law 27596, Law that Regulates the Legal Regime of Dogs in order to reduce the presence of stray dogs in the Historic Center of Lima.

The objective was to determine the effect of Salmonella Typhimurium on the chemical composition and microbiological quality of the meat of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). 30 male guinea pigs for fattening were used that were distributed in 3 treatments with ten (10) repetitions each; T1: mixed feeding + saline solution (control), T2: mixed feeding and experimentally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium, T3: mixed feeding + APC (antibiotic growth promoter) and experimentally challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. T1 animals were dosed orally with saline solution, while T2 and T3 were challenged with an infective dose (2 x 106 CFU) of Salmonella Typhimurium, only once on the 11th day of the start of the experiment. Despite manifesting the disease in animals challenged with Salmonella, they did not show differences (p <0.05) in the concentration of protein and ethereal extract on a dry basis. The microbiological results showed the presence of Salmonella in the lymph nodes, liver, lung, spleen and gallbladder in the experimentally infected animals. The use of APC in T3 did not improve the chemical composition of guinea pig meat.

The aim of the study was to describe dog bite accidents in patients treated at “Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen” in Lima during the period between 2017 and 2020. For this, information on dog bite accidents was collected from the epidemiological files of MINSA (format of 2015 and 2017) using an Excel database. The variables included were age group, sex, education level and birthplace (district) of the victim, owner of the aggressor animal; number, type, location, treatment and place of the injury, as well as the district of the accident. The information was analyzed using Stata 15.0 and summarized using descriptive statistics. From 187 epidemiological files, the highest number of reports of dog bite accidents were in male (66.8%), the age group was from 5 to 9 years (74%), occurred in Eastern Lima (46%) and reported during 2019 (79%). Attacks caused by dogs known by the victims predominated and caused severe injuries (97.9%), multiple wounds (47.1%), deep wounds (58.3%) and not infected (60.4%). Likewise, most of the cases were reported the same day of the accident (44.9%) and only required ambulatory care (60.4%).  It’s expected that these results may be useful for the surveillance, control, and prevention of dog bite accidents, and for raising awareness about this problem.

The objective of the study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitis in four dairy farms in the district of Lurín, Lima, Peru, in 2017. 586 Holstein cows without clinical mastitis were evaluated during the summer season, using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Milk samples were collected from the quarters that were positive for CMT (+, ++, +++) and proceeded to bacteriological culture (blood agar and McConkey agar) and biochemical tests were performed. Microbial resistance to eight antibiotics was evaluated using the Kyrbi-Bauer susceptibility test. We found 43.7% (256/586) of cows with subclinical mastitis and 12.4% (291/2344) affected mammary quarters. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Klebsiella oxytoca (20.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (12.1%), and Streptococcus agalactiae (9.1%). Antibiotic resistance will be demonstrated in K. oxytoca to penicillin, cephalothin, amikacin, streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, cephalexin and enrofloxacin between 62.9% and 91.9%. The E. cloacae strains showed 100% resistance to penicillin and to cephalothin, amikacin, streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, cephalexin and enrofloxacin between 86.5% and 97.3%. In S. agalactiae isolates, the observed resistance to penicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, cephalexin, and enrofloxacin ranged from 10.7% to 82.1%. For amikacin, the sensitivity recorded was 100%.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the presence of infection antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in bovines intended for human consumption, taking into consideration the variables as factors associated with Toxoplasmosis: age group (2 to 3 years, more than 3 to 4 years and over 4 years), sex (female and male), breed (Holstein, Brown Swiss and Mestizo/Criollo) and origin (slaughterhouses located in the North, South, West and East of Lima). For this, blood was extracted from 385 bovines destined for human consumption, which were in 4 official slaughterhouses in Lima, Peru, the blood samples were analyzed using the Indirect Immunofluorescence technique (IFAT), considering animals with antibody titers as positive. equal to or greater than said 1:100 dilution. In addition, the 1:100 antibody titer was made in the positive sera. The results showed that 32.2 ± 4.7% (124/385) of cattle had a positive reaction to the presence of antibodies against T. gondii, no significant statistical difference was found between the variables. The titration of bovine antibodies showed animals with a positive reaction in the dilution of 1/100 (79/124), 1/200 (22/124),1/400 (13/124), 1:800 (6/124), 1:1600 (3/124) and 1:3200 (1/124) by IFAT. The present study evidences the presence of bovines intended for human consumption, seroreactors for T. gondii, a parasite whose form of transmission is the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, whether it comes from bovines or another species. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight the importance of the finding made, in order to develop sanitary measures aimed at ensuring the safety of food products and/or minimizing the possible risks that the consumption of these meat products may mean.