Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article starts from the premise that it is essential for Mexico that its legal community becomes familiar with Private International Law (PIL). Therefore, it is important to closely examine the teaching methodology of the discipline. The objective of this research is to provide a clear and as complete overview as possible of how PIL is being taught, focusing especially on the Mexican context, and to identify the main challenges that the teaching of the discipline faces in the country. To achieve this objective, a documentary work was carried out considering three sources of information: data available on various institutional websites, academic writings, and the personal experience of the authors as professors at Mexican universities and as participants in activities organized by other institutions. Taking all this into account, this article focuses on the following questions, each of which corresponds to a section: where PIL is taught, how PIL courses, conferences, and workshops are named, who are the recipients of PIL courses, conferences, and workshops, which PIL contents are taught, and how these PIL contents are taught. In turn, each of these sections is subdivided into two sections: in universities and other institutions. 

This research analyzes the measures taken by family courts in Sinaloa during and after the pandemic to determine whether they allowed the right of access to justice contained in our Constitution to be realized. This is based on a systematic study of the legal system with the aim of demonstrating its insufficiency, starting from a descriptive approach that makes it possible to identify that these measures maintained the deficiencies that the justice system already had. As a result, we found that during the pandemic in family trials in Sinaloa the digitalization of the process was attempted without fully achieving it, leaving aside the possibility of seeking a simplification of the processes. In conclusion, while it is true that what has been done is a necessary step, it has remained incomplete, and the aspect that strives to not only digitalize the processes but also to seek their simplification should be explored to facilitate the right of access to justice from the perspective that our highest court has interpreted it.

The emergence and widespread use of information technologies and digital media modified the dynamics of interaction between people and the form of intimacy is one of them. With this, the way of violence in said area was also modified, which transferred any of its manifestations to the virtual plane without problem. The modifications to the different combined state and federal legislations called Olimpia Act in Mexico arise as a reaction to said violence. The objective of this article is to make a comparison between the articles of Mexican legislation before digital violence was criminalized, with the current legislation, as well as the results that these changes have had. The methodology used follows a qualitative approach using documentary research as the main technique as well as the observation of legislative and journalistic material on the subject which made it possible to monitor historical and sociological changes. We conclude that digital violence may have new manifestations as technology silences which will represent enormous challenges for jurists. Likewise, we consider law as a living entity with a great capacity to adapt to the new challenges that societies face.

This paper examines the implementation of artificial intelligence (ai) in Latin America’s judicial systems, highlighting the necessary balance between the potential benefits and the ethical and legal challenges it poses. In the context of increasing digitalization, the study focuses on how ai can improve efficiency and consistency in the administration of justice while addressing issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and data protection. Using a qualitative approach based on a literature review and comparative analysis of cases in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, patterns were identified, and country-specific challenges and opportunities were assessed. The findings reveal that although ai has streamlined judicial processes, serious concerns remain about fairness and transparency in automated decisions, and there is an inadequacy in current legal frameworks to regulate these technologies adequately. The article proposes a robust and adaptive regulatory framework that incorporates principles of accountability, fairness, and human control, along with regional collaboration, to ensure that ai is used ethically and that it promotes justice in the Latin American justice system.

A question that is feasible to ask in the face of the accelerated development of artificial intelligence (ai) would be about the aspects that deserve to be highlighted when we put the variables of technological disruption, human rights and ethics face to face. This article aims to describe the direction that has been taken regarding the protection of human rights at the headquarters of the United Nations (un) and the un System. To achieve the objectives, a critical analysis was made of the international instruments recently approved by the various bodies, raw material for the documentary technique used here. The significant actions were reviewed in order to highlight the most relevant factors that have allowed the development of ethics for the so-called cybersociety in the context of the present century. One of the findings that stand out are the challenges that the supranational body faces when giving channel to this type of digital tools: regulation, validity, threats, etc., given that the instruments adopted are predominantly soft law in nature, which for some could imply a limited scope.

Markets, as informational dynamic systems, are not static and,certainly, they do not exist in isolation. They evolve addressing theendogenous needs found within the economies in which they arefound. However, these needs are not homogeneous and they willbe a constant source of controversies that, if they are not addressedappropriately, can put in danger the healthy dynamics of theirrespective markets. To face this risk, we have relied on a set of normsthat have been complemented with consuetudinary elements,which have fostered the development of a Commercial Society.On this concept, which emerged from the pens of authors, such asAdam Smith and David Hume, it has been argued that our marketsare dynamic systems that depend on the dynamism of their rules oftransition. For the specific case of the Digital Commercial Society,the transitional element can be related to the denominated e-lexmercatoria, which can be associated with the mechanisms developedwithin the market to address, on an immediate basis, the users’needs. Accordingly, this paper aims to foster the thought and thediscussion on the efforts of self-structuration and self-regulationthat configure those schemes that complement our legal frameworksin force.

The objective of this study is to determine the impact of deepfake technologies on the law of evidence, since generative artificial intelligence not only causes a state of defenselessness for legal assets such as democracy, but also constitutes a disruptive problem for procedural truth. Likewise, throughout this research, the Integrated Literature Review (ilr) Method was used, through which information related to the nature and impact of deepfakes was collected and filtered. Finally, it was shown that in common law, the possibility of eradicating the use of the Silent Witness Principle should be considered in relation to digital evidence in consideration of the proliferation of deepfakes; and, on the other hand, in civil law, it was possible to show that the need to use artificial intelligence for the detection of deepfakes would violate two Daubert criteria, since the technique lacks evidence against errors and lacks scientific review.

Various factors affect performance on cognitive tests that involve attention, including age and schooling. Sustained and selective attention of 459 Psychology, Basic Sciences and Engineering university students, 58.9% women, between 18 and 39 years old, all of them Spanish speakers, evaluated through their performance in different scores of the d2 test. An analysis of a multivariate model is applied to verify the relation among the variables age, sex, and career and their effect on the dependent scores: total number of responses (TR) and concentration index (CON) of the d2 test. The main effect of career are observed. Normative data of the d2 test are generated for university students with age ranges of 18-24 and 25-35 years. Age-standardized results for the d2 test are necessary to reliably assess Spanish-speakers people with higher education. The influence of the university degree on the normative data of cognitive tests is discussed.

Among the human rights that correspond naturally to people there is a right to education and for this reason, this work was justified presenting a way of establishing an academic contribution to know the scope of technologies in achieving the shielding of instruction as a means to social development. Here, the general objective is to understand the scope of artificial intelligence (AI) as a mechanism for ensuring the right to education, which is achieved with this study that obeys a documentary methodology under a qualitative approach, established as a theoretical review article. Thus, as a result, AI has the potential to maintain the continuity of educational practice, creating a path to defend it as a fundamental right and it is recommended that States develop public policies aimed at innovation and its diffusion in order to reduce knowledge gaps.

This study aims to determine the precise impact of student-level and school-level factors associated with third-grade students' language learning outcomes in four countries. The methodology was based on the analysis of ERCE-2019 data using Hierarchical Linear Models (HLM). The results highlight the importance of public and school policies such as: minimizing repetition; improving the quality and coverage of preschool; ensuring access to basic services and educational resources including notebooks and books; raising awareness about the need for teacher improvement; increasing parental involvement and opportunities for parents to complete their education; minimizing school violence; maximizing attendance; and training teachers in technology, interest in student welfare, classroom management, teaching organization, and learning support. Focusing on these priorities would help to balance the effect of the socioeconomic index of families and schools, as well as the inequities between rural and urban schools.