Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The purpose of this work is to make an approach to the novel Ways of Going Home (2010) by the Chilean writer Alejandro Zambra through a critical and relational reading of a set of categories linked to the process of discussion of memory in the contemporary world. Therefore, the article studies the process of crisis of literary autonomy in the globalized world, as well as the problems of inheritance and the proper name that constitute the enunciation conditions of the stories that make up the novel. From our perspective, in Ways of Going Home codes of resistance are formulated that lead to the articulation of a politics of memory based on the notion of counter-duty.

This research aims to understand the practices and routines of a group of Peruvian fans of social media influencers Katy Esquivel and Tana Rendón on Instagram and how this group builds cultural capital and female narratives from media content. To answer this question, digital ethnography was used as the main fieldwork methodology to find fans and analyze their posts and social interactions on the social network Instagram. Likewise, this research conducted remote and only face-to-face interviews before social isolation due to COVID-19. Among the findings, the practices and routines created around the media content of celebrities stand out, in addition to the advice and lessons learned by fans to become entrepreneurs of themselves and serve as cultural references that give meaning to their lives. The narratives of social media influencers become a second school for their fans, allowing them to build cultural capital, reconstruct their subjectivities and consolidate their own identity as part of a global and cosmopolitan middle class.

This paper is intended to offer the digital ethnographic research findings whereby I conduct a review and systematization of the emergence of various business on Instagram after the Chilean Protest (2019), noting the use of Mapuche repertorios as commercial identity, outstandingly in comparison with other decades. The question I proposed to answer was: What are the expressions of cultural appropriation of the Mapuche identity of Instagram business not belonging to this People, in the post Chilean protest period in Chile?, with the aim of: identify types of publications where these expressions of cultural appropriation are manifested, categorize them and understand the nature of their narratives; establish comparisons and analyze profiles according to the publications. To do this, I worked with a digital ethnographic method; reviewing this social network and selecting business publications, conducting in-depth interviews remotely with Mapuche entrepreneurs and conducting a mixed virtual Focus Group made up of different people, Mapuche and non-Mapuche consumers, diversity that allowed me to access different points of view on the subject. Meanwhile, in the theoretical proposal, I highlight the review of authors regarding to cultural appropriation and etnicity, as approaches that I expose with the aim of establishing a vision that makes this scenario more complex, where, the limits between valuing another culture, such as the Mapuche, and business techniques, are diffuse.

El cambio de siglo del XX al XXI fue un periodo de gran discusión, y un parteaguas, para los estudios sociales y de la cultura humana. Con el cuestionamiento a la “autoridad de la cultura escrita” –al interior de estas disciplinas, y en su exterior, en nacientes foros públicos en los que se cuestionó también los “para qué” de hacer ciencias sociales y humanidades– las bases mismas de su actividad científica: sus políticas, éticas, formas de escritura, y metodologías de investigación, se tuvieron que replantear críticamente (Clifford y Marcus 1986; Abu-Lughod 2012; Marcus 2013).  Un nuevo orden de cosas en el mundo había emergido, para entonces. La perestroika, el glasnost, y la nueva correlación de fuerzas mundial, por un lado, afirmaron el liberalismo como orden político y económico, no exento de reacciones y propuestas alternativas. Por otro, la vigorosa agencia de las esferas islámicas, la expansión china, y los nacionalismos extremos de Rusia y otros países en su influencia, hicieron patente la ‘meta-versalidad’ de las realidades sociales contemporáneas. En suma, un contexto de concentraciones de mega tendencias y a la vez de escapes regionales y culturales.

It is intended to demonstrate that the novel Casas Vacias (2020) by Brenda Navarro presents a questioning of the traditional notion of motherhood, which assumes this activity as a biological and instinctive matter, and in which every woman, by virtue of being a mother, knows exactly how to exercise it. This questioning is personified by the figure of the non-normative mother, who cannot or does not want to fulfill the mandates that society establishes to be considered a “good mother”. Likewise, it is desired to demonstrate that in this novel the subject of violence in Mexico is addressed, but emphasis is placed on one of its less visible manifestations: forced disappearances. The novel denounces the situation of abandonment suffered by the mothers of the disappeared by society and the State.

This work proposes an analysis between the mythical discourses presented from the indigenous testimony in the colonial stage that is presented in the book Testimonies, letters and indigenous manifestos, compiled by Martín Lienhard, and the testimonial account that appears in the text From the corner of the dead of Juan Ansión. To do this, critical discourse analysis and literary historiography will be used. This analysis will allow us to recognize and compare the representation of the mythical discourse in the testimonies of the indigenous communities,

This work analyzes the technical problem in which the discourse of inclusive education has become through the lack of ethical responsibility of educational provision, a liberal argument that reinforces the permanent defense of rights while the conditions of oppression and domination conceived in terms of injustice continue to operate strongly in the life of each person and community. The objective of this work is to document how educational policies, knowledge production and teacher training, put on the rhetorical costume of the special or rather, the neo-special, to justify the sense of the inclusive. Although the special is a form of inclusion, inclusion is not necessarily a form of the special, it is a cultural revolution, a space for the production of other worlds, of fracture and permanent challenge of pedagogical knowledge. The lack of analytical rigor of these educational policies and intellectual decisions makes them unable to get rid of the problem of gender, race, multiculturalism and interculturality in the school from an individual, oppressive and negative perspective of difference. Inclusive education must think along with the zone of not-being its problems and, with it, consolidate a pragmatics that benefits the vital experience of subalternity. It is an attempt to escape the analytical monologism and monocentrism turned into pseudo-practices and resistance consciousnesses to transform the world. The subjects in the zone of non-being live in their own body and in their consciousness the experience of oppression and domination, there is a code of regulation that we must unlock so that inclusion and justice formats can dislocate the institutionalized forms of brakes on self development. The technical dimension of the inclusive argument reinforces the ontological problem of social groups, that is, a corpus of arguments enthroned through classical humanism in which difference adds a negative attribute linked to the identity of each being and adherence collectivity. The ontological policy of inclusive education consists of producing a system of reappropriation of the forces of singularization and their futures, without paying attention to the symbolic complexity of each being, inaugurating a corpus of public policies that do nothing but reproduce an effect of assimilation and a multicategorical problem to justify its task around the passive signifiers of inclusion. It concludes by identifying the need to offer a positive understanding of the difference that points to the individual plurality of each being to overcome the rhetorical and pragmatic presence of diversity as an index of assimilation in the intimacy of schooling conditions.

The article analyzes the content of El Corvo, a pasquín newspaper that circulated in the saltpeter region of Tarapacá in northern Chile in 1919. In a context of the so-called Chileanization, located in the post-war Pacific, in a conflict zone and prior to the Treaty of Lima in 1929. This study focuses its objective on the analysis of the discourse present in the columns of El Corvo and establishes categories that show the vulgarization and violence described in this written medium towards the Peruvian inhabitant of Tarapacá, understood as another by this editorial. Likewise, the general linguistic structures (linguistic categories, macroactions and rhetorical uses) and their respective correlation with the stereotypes set for the Peruvian population settled in the saltpeter region and specifically in Iquique are examined and described. It is possible to establish the existence of an informative coverage that is based on the construction of an original Tarapacan inhabitant of these spaces that is culturally inferior to the Chilean occupation of these territories.

In the theoretical order, there is a dispersion of published scientific literature on thought, trends and practice regarding science, technology and innovation in Latin America. The objectives of the study were: 1) to examine Latin American policies on science, technology and innovation and 2) to identify trends and patterns around the thinking, determinants and practices carried out for the development of science in Latin America. The study identifies the aspects that typify science and technology policies in Latin America, the eurocentric paradigms and the coloniality of knowledge. The Latin American initiatives for the emancipation of science are examined. It is concluded that the development of science, technology and innovation in Latin America have been fundamentally hand in hand with the state. Investments in science and technology in the Region have a greater incidence in the nations of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina and are mainly focused on the socalled hard sciences: technical and exact.

This essay attempts to provide a constructive philosophical reflection on the document «Ethical considerations for decision-making in health services during the COVID-19 pandemic» (E.C.) prepared by the Working Group on bioethical aspects of the MINSA (2020). In it, a series of scientific, technological and, above all, ethical recommendations are made that must be taken into account when effectively using the scarce resources available to increase the well-being of patients in a health crisis scenario. In this scenario, what we consider to call an ethical dystopia is highlighted; that is, a situation where it is difficult for us to make decisions, since our moral intuitions do not usually resolve ethical dilemmas and difficulties, worse still, manytimes these decisions are contradictory. Likewise, utilitarianism and deontology are the ethical theories that, in general terms, underlie our moral intuitions and those that have permeated the E.C. Finally, in the light of these considerations, our ethical dystopia will be exposed; what problems, dilemmas and moral contradictions underlie the E.C. and how the aforementioned ethical theories respond to these difficulties that the health crisis has highlighted and that forces us to face.