Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The wine sector of the province of Mendoza was historically associated with the work of European immigrants who arrived in the region in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and who accessed small plots of land where they began to cultivate the vine. This association of small property with vine cultivation has been further forced compared to the large tracts of land in the humid pampas, which has given a particular sense of identity. However, in recent decades, this has begun to change from the process of wine conversion that had as one of its characteristics the concentration of land and the loss of small producers. However, this segment remains a central part of Mendoza viticulture. This article analyzes in detail this process, the impacts on the configuration of space and the public policies that have contributed to the sustenance of small winemakers in a context of strong transformations in the sector.

Agribusiness profoundly resignified the practices of agricultural producers. This aspect was evident not only within the productive units but also in those that implemented the associations that brought them together. Against this background, the objective of this article is to provide an overview of the changes and continuities that occurred after the entry into force of agribusiness in the network of representation of agrarian interests. We are interested in reviewing how during agribusiness the organizational practices of union entities, considered traditional, were stressed, how technical associations acquired centrality and, finally, how a new institutionality emerged that integrated the actors of the agro-industrial chain. The result of this journey is a hyper-fragmented representation structure that shares discourses and practices anchored in the understanding of agriculture as a business as a common concern.

El agronegocio como modelo productivo supuso un desplazamiento en prácticas y formas de concebir la actividad agropecuaria de los actores que conforman el heterogéneo mundo rural argentino. En la actualidad, numerosas investigaciones, en particular las ancladas en el campo de la sociología rural, han procurado explicaciones de estos procesos cuya clave radica en acentuar los aspectos novedosos que promueve el agronegocio. Así, comúnmente se señala una serie de rupturas como, por ejemplo, el lugar preponderante de lo financiero por sobre lo agropecuario, el despliegue de estrategias empresariales, la incorporación de tecnologías, la articulación entre campo-ciudad, entre otros. Sin desconocer estos fenómenos, el agronegocio reconoce una significativa continuidad no solo con prácticas y discursos sino también con procesos productivos que en el modelo anterior ya ocupaban un lugar considerable. En ese sentido, la propuesta del presente dossier consiste en recuperar la historicidad de procesos, de diversos actores sociales, de prácticas y de sus discursos que se consideran centrales en el desarrollo del agronegocio. Los trabajos reunidos en el presente dossier no solo proponen balances exhaustivos sobre el tratamiento que recibieron estas cuestiones, sino que procuran abrir discusiones y agendas sobre cómo renovar las miradas sobre estos procesos a partir de evidencia empírica que permite avanzar en caracterizaciones más complejas y/o matizadas sobre la situación de actores en el agronegocio.

In this article we intend to investigate the process of construction of a public sphere and a modern civil society in Río Cuarto throughout the 1870s. To do this, we investigate the process of construction of spaces of sociability, particularly those of the elite. and the development of the press at the local level, together with other elements, such as the appearance of a bank with regional capitals that account for that process. With this, we can demonstrate the rapid institutional, urban and social transformation mediating and integrating traditional and modern elements in a cosmopolitan framework. For the above we work with private correspondence, local newspapers, official documentation of the municipality and the Political Headquarters. Given the theme of the constructed object of study, a qualitative methodology will be used as an analysis framework, based on the reading and analysis of various documentary sources. The information collected will be addressed within the framework of the processes developed at the provincial and national levels. This will allow the articulation of the macro and micro levels and, therefore, to study the processes with a significant level of detail, establish the causality relationships with greater rigor and think about the processes considered in all their complexity.

The objective of this work is to describe the process of liberation of slaves and freedmen by the State in Mendoza after the adoption of the Constitution of the Argentine Confederation in 1853, to characterize the group of the manumitted, and to explore the social trajectories of these subjects. The analysis combines the elaboration of quantitative data and a qualitative description of the social characteristics of slaves and freedmen and their long-term trajectories. The sources include baptismal, marriage and death certificates, population censuses, notarial records, decrees, administrative regulations and the written press. The results provide more precise data than those previously known about the process of liberation by the provincial State. In addition, they indicate the persistence of slave labor in the city of Mendoza until 1853, focused on female slavery and the service of freedmen. The exploration of trajectories shows the passage of those freed in 1853 to the category of servants, generally in the same domestic units in which they had lived during slavery. It is concluded that the liberation was part of a gradual process of decline and abolition of slavery and did not represent major changes for the Afro-descendant population.

Revisión del libro Lenguaje y política. Conceptos claves en el Río de la Plata (1780-1870) por N. Goldman (Ed.)

This paper explores the paradoxical condition of the Free Womb Law of 1811 from an intersectional approach, through the analysis of judicial records, parliamentary debates and constitutional texts. Although the 1811 law represented a radical intervention in slave reproduction, since it annulled the legal principle partus sequitur ventrem that sustained it, it continued to operate despite having legally “disappeared” in some periods during the struggles for independence in Chile. I argue that this continuity occurred explicitly through the denial of the 1811 law (due to ignorance, negligence or annulment) or, implicitly, through a strategic erasure of the slavery and racial "note" of the enslaved mothers in the parish documentation of their children. Maternal ancestry could reverse the benefits of a law that was evidently fragile both due to political contingency and due to the production of the gender-racialized that permeates, and is produced by, its normative framework. Hence, I focus on enslaved mothers, paying attention to the articulation between the law, the use of justice, the construction of gender-racialized difference and the appearance/disappearance of the maternal condition as an archive practice.

This article examines the process of abolition of slavery that occurred in the province of Corrientes in order to carry out a situated study of emancipation in Latin America. Questions raised in abolitionist studies are taken up, such as who were and how many were emancipated, and from a social approach, what were the labor forms and the margins of freedom that these subjects had in post-abolitionist times. From the review of a set of documentary sources, individual trajectories of former slaves are observed to evaluate the changes or job permanence after the end of the slave system. Two situations are explored: the permanence of some enslaved under the dependence of their former masters and the emergence of a labor market where these individuals were inserted. Differences around the jobs, trades and occupations in the city and the countryside developed by emancipated men and women are also examined. Finally, the approach takes up a spatial perspective that allows to demonstrate mobility processes experienced by the former enslaved who inhabited the rural spaces of Corrientes.

Revisión del libro Diario de una temporada en el Quinto Piso: Episodios de política económica en los años de Alfonsín por J. C. Torre

This paper explores the role of anarchist doctor Juan Lazarte as a propagator of knowledge about sexuality, based on the analysis of his column "Curso de Sexología" published in the magazine Hombre de América Fuerte y Libre and the direction of the Coleccion Eros of the editorial Parténon. It sets out to place Lazarte as one of the representatives of anarchist sexology concerned with sexual education. This sexual education placed an emphasis not only on preventing diseases but also to disconnect sexual pleasure from reproduction, the institution of marriage, and prostitution. Through critical discourse analysis, his discursive practice is addressed regarding the knowledge that he considered necessary to spread to a wide audience about sexuality, either through his own interventions or through the selection of works that were part of Eros. This analysis tries to contribute to the study of the field of sexology by examining other periodizations and conceptualizations, incorporating anarchist ideas and practices in the genealogy of a local sexological field.