Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: During 2020, the pandemic conditions provoked a rapid and amazing change in teaching; it went from being in person to being online. The meaning, adjustments, and speed of this sudden transition were not experienced the same by all faculty members. Objective: To describe and understand the meaning that faculty attributed to the changes in nursing education due to the pandemic. Methodology: Research with an interpretative ethnographic focus. Ten faculty members were interviewed until reaching information saturation. The information analysis included transcription, open codification, and construing of categories and subcategories. Results: Three moments (rounds) were identified: The first referred to the quick transformations in the didactic practices in order to sustain education virtually; the second addressed the adaptation strategies in order to assume the personal, work, and health challenges at home; and the third focused on the returning to in-person classes and the mental-health impacts that this change left. Discussion and conclusions: Faculty was not prepared for a shift to virtual teaching, but they adapted themselves to the changes, which generated resilience in them and impacted on their mental health. The meaning that faculty assigned to nursing education during the pandemic was one of an internal struggle between their emotions in order to adapt to every moment of the pandemic: when it was decreed, during isolation, and at the returning to normality; leaving large changes in both their mental health and their perception of teaching.

Through empathy, nursing professionals can gain a better perspective on the feelings and thoughts of patients and their families, as well as understand how they act and react to care. Empathy is described as an essential trait for more humane care and as a characteristic element of nursing professionalism. In the clinical setting, empathy becomes relevant when it becomes a cardinal aspect of patient safety, so it would be necessary to consider it a key element to prevent adverse events and improve the quality of care. Two of the means by which nursing professionals can develop empathy are active listening and effective communication. Effective communication must not be limited to the simple exchange of information, but rather become an action capable of connecting the nursing professional with the patient and family in a safe and understanding space. Empathy is a skill that manifests itself in intentional and sustained professional actions, which requires nursing professionals to integrate cognitive, affective, and behavioral components that support their professional thinking, feelings, and actions. Nursing practice requires a clear understanding of the responsibility for care and an awareness of one's own ethical values, which, during training and through teaching and learning, will be linked to the disciplinary ethical values to form empathetic professional actions.

Introduction: Until a few years ago, student evaluation at the university was distinguished by its selective and exclusionary nature. Global changes have led this educational institution to propose modifications to address the diversity of students, among these is evaluation. Objective: The objective of this article is to analyze the role of learning evaluation in promoting educational inclusion at universities. It explores inclusive evaluation strategies that facilitate the integration of traditionally excluded learners with diverse and marginalized backgrounds. Development: The study critically examines the challenges and opportunities encountered by contemporary universities in their pursuit of genuine inclusion. Conclusions: The effectiveness of current evaluation adaptations, which are based on the medical model, and the design of inclusive evaluation as means to achieve educational inclusion, are evaluated. Alternative strategies are proposed to address the limitations of these approaches.

This paper proposes a new heterogeneity index that compares two vectors, one for observations and the other for expected values. A particular case arises when the expected vector has the same entries in all of its elements, thus, the proposed index serves as a measure of inequality. The geometric and analytical construction of the proposed index gives it mathematical robustness, in addition to its wide range of applications in different disciplines such as economics, statistics and sociology. In this work, we have applied the index to topics such as the allocation of goods, and human development, and minimum wage analysis, obtaining quite satisfactory results.

This document analyses the economic effects ofHurricane Alex in Mexico in 2010, considered the mostdestructive in Mexico in the recent half century. To dothis, a methodology based on multi-regional input-outputanalysis is applied. With the model, direct and indirecteconomic costs are calculated, both in the region ofimpact of the phenomenon and in the rest of the world.The findings show that indirect costs represent 20% oftotal costs and that, out of such indirect costs, 15.6%occurred abroad, mainly in the United States, and 84.4%occurred in the national territory.

The software and computer services sector (SSI) is dedicated to the development, production and commercialization of computer programs and their associated computer services. This branch of activity is part of a new information paradigm that involves drastic changes in the way work is organized and also productive processes, together with new ways of consuming and interacting. Argentina has shown outstanding performance in the production and sale of these types of goods. Using the theoretical approaches of the structure-conduct-performance perspective and the Schumpeterian approach to the company, the performance of this sector in the town of Concepción del Uruguay is analyzed. Using descriptive statistics, its main characteristics are outlined.

This paper uses the framework of Cuberes and Teignier(2018) to study the quantitative effects of gender gaps inentrepreneurship and workforce participation in Mexico.The focus on one specific country allows us to have detailedinformation on men and women’s participation in householdproduction and their productivity in that sector. In line withour previous research, the occupational choice modelpredicts substantial losses in the country’s income percapita. Gender gaps in the Mexican labor market, especiallyin labor force participation, represent a 22% fall in totaloutput. Market output drops by 26.5%, while householdoutput experiences a five-fold increase. The presence of thelarge gap in labor force participations implies that it isimportant to introduce the household sector into the modelto take the production that takes place outside the marketsector into account.

Objective. The aim of this research is to analyze, from a regional perspective, which historically discriminated groups in Mexico are most likely to enter the informal labor market, in order to highlight the structural inequalities that persist in access to formal employment. Method. Through microdata analysis from the National Employment Survey (ENADIS) (2022) and dichotomous Logit models, the probability of entering informal employment is estimated for each group, considering the country's regional specificities. Results. It is observed that older adults are more likely to enter the informal labor market in Mexico, followed by Indigenous and Afro-descendant people, with probabilities of 77% and 68% respectively. Limitations. The study only examines seven groups identified as subject to discrimination according to the National Discrimination Survey (ENADIS) 2022: people with religious diversity, ethnic diversity (Indigenous and Afro-descendant people), adolescents, older adults, people with disabilities, migrants, and women. Main findings. Analyzing odds ratios, it is estimated that in the Northern region, older adults are three times more likely to work informally than other groups, while in the Central-Northern region, the ratio is 2 to 1.

Objective: This study develops a comprehensive indicator to measure regional equality in Mexico's institutional and business performance, which are fundamental pillars of economic development. Method: We adapt the United Nations methodology for gender equality measurement to construct a multidimensional index incorporating legal, regulatory, political, economic, and social variables spanning 2002-2021. Results: The resulting temporal index effectively captures institutional and business performance variations across Mexican regions. Our analysis reveals a strong positive relationship between the index and regional development: regions with higher institutional and business quality consistently demonstrate superior income outcomes. Limitations: The 20-year study period remains relatively constrained, and quantitative findings may vary depending on which variables are selected as core economic development pillars. Main findings: Mexican states exhibit a gradual convergence toward equality in institutional and business performance, though this progress has been slow and experienced notable reversals beginning in 2018. The persistent heterogeneity in regional institutional and business system development constrains Mexico's overall economic development potential.

Objective: Educational lag (EL) affects human capital and significantly limits economic growth and development. Methodology: Using a cloglog model, we prove the theoretical hypothesis that individuals’ rationality differs across socioeconomic strata: while individuals from lower strata are more likely to experience EL (4.3%), the opposite occurs for higher strata individual (-15.5%). Results: We also found that, in the absence of any other variables, the probability of EL is as high as 20%; having children 24.3% (the highest in the model); and being male increases it by 9%. Limitations: This work focuses on the factors that “pull” students away from formal educational institutions and the model only includes data from 2018. Main findings: With scenario analysis, we demonstrate that a male from lower socioeconomic stratum, without access to healthcare and with children, faces 61% probability of EL, contrary to 37% for males with the same characteristics in the upper stratum.