Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The rise of tourist destinations offers new experiences in the sector, generating the need to investigate their potentialities, products, services, and resources. The objective of this study was to identify emerging lines of intellectual creation in agroecological tourism from a transdisciplinary approach. The research focused on the Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales Ezequiel Zamora, which has three Intellectual Creation Groups located in the northern part of the municipality and state of the same name, Barinas, Venezuela, using the participant-action research method and a descriptive qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with professors, researchers, and students belonging to the aforementioned research groups. The findings revealed gaps in agroecological tourism areas such as gastronomy, lodging infrastructure, tourist experience, integration of sustainability, tourist expectations, and local culture. These gaps represent opportunities for new lines of research. The study identified eight lines of intellectual creation (Public policies, cooperation and local development; service quality, innovation and technology; biocultural heritage; tourism products and services; sustainable tourism destination planning and development; destination marketing and promotion; community participation, gender and rural development inclusion; and education, training and technological innovation) under a sustainable approach, integrating diverse disciplines to promote research in agroecological tourism. In addition, they integrate transdisciplinary approaches to promote agroecological tourism as a sustainable, resilient model that generates local development.

Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.), due to its characteristics, consumption method, and because it is part of the Nicaraguan population's diet, must be free of contaminating microorganisms that pose a risk to human health. The objective of this research is to determine the presence of contaminating microorganisms in the soil, plant tissue, and water sources used for irrigation in production systems that employ good agricultural practices and are in the municipality of Jinotega, in northern Nicaragua. The study period was from December 2024 to January 2025. Ten production systems were selected, where soil, water, and cabbage tissue samples were collected. The samples were transferred to the microbiology laboratory of the National Agrarian University for analysis. Mesophilic aerobes, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms were quantified, as well as the presence of fungi and bacteria, using the Most Probable Number and Colony Forming Units method. The presence of fungi and bacteria was diverse; the presence of Salmonella was found in the cabbage tissue in a single sample (10 % of the farms). Seven genera of bacteria and six genera of fungi were identified in the tissue, of which Bacillus sp and Pseudomonas sp. were predominant, and among the fungi, Fusarium sp. and Colletotrichum sp. The main source of microbiological contamination is associated with the use of water for irrigation, with the presence of total and fecal coliforms, represented by Escherichia coli. Eight production systems were found to have high microbial loads of total and fecal coliforms, so the implementation of good agricultural practices should be reviewed through a risk analysis, designing of an improvement plan and the application of an action plan.

Soil composition varies across spatial and temporal scales, influenced by both natural factors and management practices. Forest plantations can have beneficial effects on the physical and chemical properties of soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the temporal variability of Andisol soils under teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) plantations by comparing selected physical and chemical parameters measured at two points in time. The baseline data were obtained from a soil characterization conducted in 2012 on forest farms located in the municipality of El Viejo, Chinandega, Nicaragua, from which ten soil pits were selected. In 2023, a sample from the surface horizon of each pit was collected for laboratory analysis of physical and chemical properties, and the results were compared with the 2012 data. Statistical comparisons of means were conducted using paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests in the R statistical software. The analysis revealed that potassium, calcium, zinc, manganese, sulfur, bulk density, and silt content did not show statistically significant differences over time. In contrast, pH, organic matter, nitrogen, copper, and clay content increased significantly, while iron content and sand percentage decreased. It is concluded that temporal variability is mainly reflected in macronutrient levels and soil texture. Furthermore, teak plantations positively contribute to improving soil fertility, showing favorable trends in nutrient availability and texture over time.

Pyometra is a common pathology among canines, characterized by the accumulation of purulent material in the uterus, usually associated with bacterial infections. This study aims to describe the intestinal microbiological infections present in canines attending veterinary clinics in the municipality of Rivas, Nicaragua, from May to September 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted in canines diagnosed with pyometra, including bacterial culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing, hematological analysis, and histopathology. The results identified Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Escherichia coli as the main bacterial agents. These showed significant resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, while enrofloxacin and gentamicin were found to be the most effective treatments. The use of medroxyprogesterone was identified as a predominant risk factor in the studied cases. Clinically, affected animals presented macrocytic hypochromic anemia, marked leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and characteristic signs such as purulent vulvar discharge and abdominal distension. This study highlights the importance of diagnosis based on bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing for the appropriate management of pyometra, as well as the need to reconsider the use of contraceptive hormones as a significant risk factor.

Bats belong to a group of mammals that are economically and ecologically important for humans and for the rest of the organisms with which they share habitats. The objective of this research is to generate information related to the biological diversity of bats as a contribution to the knowledge of bats in the six Private Wildlife Reserves (Managua and Carazo), which will serve as a basis for conservation initiatives and efforts. In order to achieve the objectives, five mist nets (3m x 6 m) were established in open and closed forests in six private wildlife reserves, totaling 209.58 hours of net exposure. The captured bats were identified and released, and the field information was complemented with a bibliographic review regarding feeding guilds, habitat preferences, conservation status and indicator value (environmental bioindicator). A total of 217 individuals were captured, which were distributed in 15 species, 10 genera and three families (Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae); the most represented genera according to the number of species were Carollia (three species), Glossophaga (two) and Artibeus (two), of the 15 species, 11 were found in the open forest and 13 in the closed forest; however, the differences were not relevant. With the information collected in this study, no significant differences in richness, abundance, or diversity were determined between open and closed forests. Two species were relevant according to their conservation status and their indicator value, among which the species Vampyrum spectrum is recognized as potential to be used as a biological indicator in conserved areas.

Wood vinegar or pyroligneous acid is a complex mixture of water and organic compounds including ketones, alcohols, alkanes, esters, among others, which are obtained from the pyrolysis of wood. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and inhibition of pyroligneous acid on the growth of fungi that affects the foliage of coffee crops under laboratory conditions. Coffee leaves with symptoms of leaf spots caused by the fungi Colletotrichum sp and Cercospora sp were collected. The fungi were isolated by sowing infested tissue on potato dextrose agar culture medium. The effectiveness of pyroligneous acid was evaluated by inoculation with 6 mm diameter discs containing the pathogens on the surface of petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar medium with the doses of the product, after inoculation measurements were taken every 12 hours for a period of 144 hours, then the percentage formula for mycelial growth inhibition was applied. To calculate the inhibition of radial growth of phytopathogenic fungi, the calculation of the diameter growth of the fungus in relation to time was performed. Pyroligneous acid at a dose of 250 ml exhibits 100% efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth and has a radial growth-inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum sp. and Cercospora sp. when both are present, and when only Cercospora sp. is present, the effective dose is 150 ml.

Rural development has been driven by partial analyzes by specialists, which has led to incomplete strategies that are evident in academic research. The objective of this research is to examine the current state of global vulnerability angles in three municipalities of the Matagalpa department, using the perspective of complex systems theory. A total of 375 surveys were conducted using the global vulnerability tool. The research was conducted in the El Zapote community of the San Dionisio municipality, in El Trentino of the San Ramón municipality, and in Guadalupe, El Chile, Samulali, and Ocalca of the Matagalpa municipality. The participants were randomly selected. Surveys were conducted using KoboToolBox software 2024, and the results were analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2018. The analysis concludes that the average score for global vulnerability is 2.93 points, derived from natural vulnerability, physical vulnerability, economic vulnerability, social vulnerability, political empowerment vulnerability, technical vulnerability, ideological vulnerability, cultural vulnerability, educational vulnerability, ecological vulnerability, institutional vulnerability. By using this approach, the local reality can be better understood, allowing for a comprehensive interpretation of the data rather than relying on fragmented analyses. The global vulnerability angles analysis in the municipalities of San Dionisio, San Ramón and Matagalpa is a contribution from the complex systems theory that allows understanding the reality of their communities from a cut of reality, with complementary and antagonistic elements and territorial approach.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is influenced by climatic, social, and biological factors that determine its profitability. The objective of this research was to identify the entomofauna populations associated with rice monocultures during the rainy season in the municipality of Sébaco, Matagalpa, north central region of Nicaragua in 2023. Monitoring was carried out in five production systems, with the same agronomic and phytosanitary management, selecting ten points at random, using 20 double passes of an entomological net, in a zig-zag shape. The captures were identified by order, family, genus, by production system and stage of crop development; descriptive and inferential statistics and diversity indices were used (Shannon Weaver and Simpson) were used. 15 families and 19 genders were highlighted; The most abundant species was Tagosodes orizicolus (n=1,846) in the maturation phase, followed by Hydrellia sp. (n=1,823) in the vegetative growth phase, where the largest populations are recorded. Diversity indices were low at all stages of crop development and production systems.

Sugarcane is a socio-economically important crop, which is not exempt from internal and external disturbances. This research was carried out at the Chota Valley, one of the sectors where sugarcane is traditionally grown in Ecuador. The aim is to determine the effects of future land cover change on its development until 2031 and the effects of climate change on its distribution for the period 2025-2035 in the scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. For this purpose, land use was projected for 2022 and 2031, using land use coverages for 1999-2011 as the base information. Future projections under climate change scenarios were carried out using the agro ecological zoning of crops and changes in tempera- ture and precipitation climate scenarios. The results forecast that due to land use change, sugarcane cultivation will decrease its area by about 14.65 % from 2022 to 2031. However, the research findings under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios for the 2025-2035 period indicate a significant increase in the optimal areas for sugarcane production in equal proportion, mirroring the rise in water availability.

Carludovica palmata Ruíz & Pavón is a palm species with great potential in the manufacture of handicrafts, but with limited agricultural management. It is native to Ecuador, and in Mexico it is only distributed in Campeche in the southeast of the country; it serves as raw material for manufacturing Jipi palm hats. The objective of this work is to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of research published in scientific articles where the species was studied, using bibliometric techniques to identify areas of opportunity in research that have been little developed. We found 78 texts from 1961 to 2022 whose spatio-temporal evolution showed an exponential growth that concentrated in countries of America: Colombia (38), Mexico (11) and Ecuador (8). The most recurrent research topics were botany of the species (20), transformation of its fibers into handicrafts (18), traditional production (in situ cultivation) (17) and commercialization of handicrafts (15). However, a null development of propagation techniques of the species was found, a problem that is accentuated if one considers the high demand for its specimens for the manufacture of handicrafts. Therefore, little explored areas of research such as in vitro propagation can contribute to the supply of the raw material of an emerging market on products and by-products of the jipi palm. In the case of Mexico, the research focused on the southeast, which coincides with the region where the species is cultivated, but which showed a lack of development in techniques on its propagation.