Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Irrigated fields produce a large share of the world’s crops, but in many river basins agriculture faces growing competition from other water users. This paper focuses on the intensity of irrigation water use, i.e., the volume of water applied per unit of irrigated land, in the ten irrigation districts located on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande-Bravo Basin. Based on the analysis of historical production data for the districts’ main crops, results show that irrigation intensity varies widely among the districts and through time. Local environmental conditions (aridity and seasonal availability of water) explain most of this variability; however, district-level organizational characteristics (plot sizes and the land tenure regime) also play a role. These features of agricultural water use within the water-stressed river basin point to substantial opportunities for using water transfers to meet non-agricultural water needs (including environmental uses) without affecting overall crop production.

This article discusses the socioeconomic conditions of a farmer who owns a family-producing agricultural unit (UAPF), and also analyzes characteristics of the rural household. It highlights the traditional culture of the rural household, specially the tradition of inheriting the land from parents to children. In Mexico, it was noted that some of the standards set out in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas are not met. Examples include occupational segregation and wage discrimination against women, and the absence of an effective policy of equal access to educational services. A public policy is proposed to promote access to Internet services, as well as the means for their use, as these services are considered an "enabling-good". The analysis used INEGI's Mexico Household Income and Expenditure Survey of 2018.

With our research focused on unemployment benefits for temporary subsidized agricultural workers (TEAS), this article addresses public policy related to agricultural subsidy in Andalusia from a sociological point of view. The analysis is projected around three differentiated sections. In the first section, it proposes going back to the genesis of the subsidy through a socio-historical journey. Next, the population structure of the subsidy is examined through empirical analysis. Finally, the relationship between locations with a high incidence of unemployment and a greater population weight of those subsidized among the active population at the municipal level is tested using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis. The results show evidence of a strongly feminized population structure of the subsidy. This situation gives rise to proposing the subsidy as a possible reference scenario to evaluate current public policies related to vital minimum income.

The following article analyzes the socio-labor relations that take place in the intensive production of red fruits in the province of Huelva. By red fruits we refer to the cultivation of strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, and blackberries. Since cultivation began to expand and intensify in the1980s, the ways of relating to the land, labor, social, ecological, and political conditions have modified cultivation until today more than 11,000 hectares are worked, mostly by foreign labor. Using a qualitative ethnographic methodology based on participant observations and in-depth interviews with farmers, workers, and groups, we found that as crops have grown, workspaces have not been improved. It is shown how in this situation workers have developed different action strategies to implement improvement plans within this productive enclave.

Through a review of the main assumptions that support sociology, the relevance of an anti-protagorist perspective was analyzed. This implies talking about socio-human sciences, which study the institutional reality created by human beings from their language. It is an institutionalized and articulated reality through genetic and cultural coevolution. Based on the analysis of the premises and conclusions among the main authors of sociology, the central argument of this paper articulates the need for advancement in the construction of a social science anchored in anti-protagorism. It is concluded that a genocultural coevolutionary turn in sociology and socio human sciences improves our understanding of contemporary cultural problems. Examples include machismo and heterosexual patriarchy, behaviors accentuated in the dominant culture of the peasant world, as was evidenced in the Congress "Rights of Peasants”.

Based on the declaration issued by the United Nations General Assembly on country folk, the responsibility arises to analyze the importance of targeted international recognition of people who live in and are from the countryside. Given this, our research aims to demonstrate the role played by organized farmers who produce organic and fair trade coffee in the process of food sovereignty in Mexico. Through interviews with rural families, this work highlights that despite the crises faced by country folk, they make great contributions to food sovereignty. In particular, those who are organized in long-term cooperatives such as the Coordinadora Estatal de Productores de Café del Estado de Oaxaca (CEPCO), which despite facing eradication policies, trade liberalization and even climate crisis, persist in their ways of life and in addition provide high quality food for urban society.

In this research, rural poverty was identified based on United Nations guidelines and official Mexican statistics. We then analyzed the evolution of rural poverty and households that rely on self-consumption from 1992 to 2018. It was found, through this analysis of the evolution of inequality and distributive tools, that self-consumption has lost relevance as a source of income for poor rural households. By means of a regression model based on the decomposition of inequality, it was confirmed that self-consumption has decreased within the sources of rural household income even when poverty has increased.

With nearly 2.2 billion people living below the 2 US dollar per day poverty line, poverty eradication is only possible through decent jobs. Although states in Honduras have set goals for 2030 to eradicate the main causes of poverty, including job insecurity, results indicate that the goals cannot be achieved by 2030 unless comprehensive policies are established. Decent work rests on social justice in employment, the legal value of which deals with relations between workers and employers, the duties and rights of each, and conditions necessary for the adequate and efficient performance of workers without sacrificing other areas of their lives. As a value, juridification changes together with society and allows for the critique of positive law to guide the creation, interpretation, and application of norms. We analyzed the organization of work and the agricultural enterprise in relation to the value of social justice in employment in Honduras using the theoretical modeling of the organization of agricultural work to extrapolate its relationship with the legal balance of the factors. It is concluded that not considering the agricultural enterprise as a new actor in labor relations favors precariousness and imbalance in employment relationships.