Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The participation of women in the economy has increased since their incursion through entrepreneurship, which is not exempt from challenges, from social perception to deficient public policies that perpetuate the division of labor by gender roles. Thus, women entrepreneurs are disruptive entities for the business world that has been masculinized, impacting their way of doing business and requiring competencies to endure and achieve women's economic independence. The objective of this study was to identify the entrepreneurial competencies possessed by businesswomen in Tabasco, México, using a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional approach, applying a questionnaire composed of eleven dimensions. A total of 212 women business owners participated. It was identified that women entrepreneurs possess competencies related to the need to exist, to replenish and learn and also possess entrepreneurial spirit; however, to a lesser extent, they possess competencies to work with others, to prioritize the business, and to work hard to maintain their entrepreneurship; they also have doubts about involving the family in the business. These results contribute to the understanding of women's behavior, being this study the first of its kind in the State, inviting more research on entrepreneurship with a gender perspective.

The main idea of the research paper is the redistribution of personal incomes. The subject is the effects of eliminating excess inequality. The core of the research paper is creating a model of erasing personal incomes under the subsistence minimum using a redistribution model. One possible way to get rid of personal incomes below the subsistence minimum is a partially progressive tax, which separates income into different sectors and settles a tax rate for each sector. Eventually, the redistribution can be held by certain society groups using a tax for wealthy people and government subsidies for poor segment of the population or evenly proportional income redistribution. It is useful to consider and compare two indicators: subsistence minimum and minimum consumer budget. A minimum consumer budget is a set cost of food and non-food products and services that meet basic physiological and sociocultural needs. In fact, it is the cost of the minimum consumer basket. The minimum consumer budget determines the lower bound value of life in society, followed by poverty. In Russia, this indicator is not popular, but it has a potential to be useful. In fact, one of the most important function of a tax system is keeping balance in society. The methodology is a redistribution optimization model. The optimal level of income inequality implies that there is a level of income inequality that maximizes economic growth. The optimization model consists of key parameters that determine inequality level, such as tax rate, education, and fertility. In some ways, the tax scale is not fair for definite groups of people. People have a social order to reconsider a tax scale. The result is a block of recommendations for shifting personal income inequality rate to a balanced point. The paper is aimed to provide a strategy for applying the fairer redistribution model with simple computations and prove that it can be applied with relatively low effort.

Female Entrepreneurship is one of the economic activities that has been gaining great importance in Latin America; the network management model emerges as an alternative to generating income opportunities, economic freedom, and development in women entrepreneurs. The research was carried out using a qualitative approach to know the characteristics and factors associated with female entrepreneurship networks, having as a comparative analysis of the behavior of the objective of female entrepreneurship networks. A total of 69 entrepreneurs were seen, made up of 30 entrepreneurs from the Popayán Entrepreneurs Network (Colombia) and 39 entrepreneurs from the Peru Entrepreneurs Network, working on a semi-structured survey to identify the perspectives of the entrepreneurs and their business units. The enterprises constitute an important source for the entrepreneurs, being these the basis of family support and the main source of economic income; female entrepreneurship is related to the characteristics of the women who lead the business units. On the other hand, there is little borrowing capacity, high-interest rates, lack of guarantees or records, and the amounts requested are some of the factors that hinder access to banking services, in addition to the few support opportunities that are available through part of their governments for the development and sustainability of their businesses. Grouping in networks with a gender focus is a mechanism for strengthening and developing joint activities that provides confidence and security to female entrepreneurs by finding people who share common expectations.

Language is an important tool through which children express their thoughts, feelings, emotions and satisfy their basic needs. Expression and communication between people are the most important means to build social relationships, develop emotions and learn about the environment around them. However, currently, there are children who have many difficulties in their language to communicate due to various factors, unfavorably impacting the family, school, and social environment. Therefore, the study's objective is to analyze the semantic component in preschool children with language difficulties in schools in Peru, under a descriptive, applied methodology. Where an assessment and intervention plan that responds to the needs and difficulties of preschool children was designed using a hybrid model and applied to a representative sample of 37 children concerning the total population made up of 6,846 children according to the record they keep. The Community Mental Health Centers in Peru, where parents take their children to treat language problems. The theoretical foundations of Owens (2003), Sentis, et al (2009), among others, were considered who conducted previous research on the subject in question. The results of the study reflect a limited handling of the semantic component. This scarce vocabulary was evidenced in comprehension problems, making it necessary to continuously carry out intervention therapies for both comprehensive and expressive vocabulary, so that the child can understand questions, instructions and interact with their family and school environment.

Knowledge is an intangible asset typical of post-capitalist society, which has become important in recent decades in all economic sectors, leading to measuring and managing it. The research presented here started from the question that inspired the work, What has been the scientific development around relational capital and its application level for a research group? The objective was to identify a bibliometric analysis of relational capital that would provide a model applicable to a group of investigations. The research was of an exploratory-descriptive type, the methodology used was developed through technological surveillance and a conceptual approach to the intellectus model, and the validation was carried out with six researchers from the group in administrative sciences. This allowed us to understand how the accelerations, elements, and variables of the research group are. Detailing that it is necessary to have allies with the academic community, make technology transfer, and form work teams; at the same time, develop closeness with the public administration for the sake of financial strengthening and the research framework of the region in the economic and administrative area.

The objective of this work was to analyze the use of edu2.0 resources and interactive activities supported by the edu2.0 platform in the Bellavista District Educational Institution of the city of Santa Marta, Colombia, for which the contributions of Aparici and García-Marín (2018), Martínez et al. (2019), Romero et al. (2019) and CEPAL (2021) and various academic works developed in the area. Methodologically, the research was characterized as descriptive, non-experimental, transectional, and field. The population included 141 students in grades sixth to ninth (census), and a questionnaire of scalar items with five response options was used as an instrument. Validation was carried out through the judgment of four experts in the area, while the reliability to ensure the consistency of the answers was α꞊0.72, a result that was considered highly reliable. The results show that the selected students make little use of the edu2.0 resources, which allows inferring that they do not take advantage of the benefits that this platform offers to the teaching-learning process, but they do show a high use in interactive activities. It is recommended that the school institution provide training to the teaching staff to reinforce their skills in the area and encourage students to use the tools available, to stimulate their creativity and teamwork.

Technology is currently highly valued for the innovation and changes it fosters, but as it advances in terms of availability, connectivity, and infrastructure, it is contradictory due to the inequalities it presents. From there arises the digital gap, as the difference in access and use between the population that has or does not have Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Although the use of technology can be a valuable resource in the dissemination and incidence of other social problems, such as food security, these gaps significantly impede its application. This work is a non-experimental applied research study of a quantitative type, descriptive scope, and cross-sectional design that aims to expose the generational, gender, and occupation digital divide that allows presenting social action strategies that promote the food culture of the Puuc Biocultural Region in Yucatan. The findings confirm that the digital divide exists in dimensions of the environment simultaneously, determinants when enabling participation with the use of digital tools to obtain information and communicate; results are discussed in light of the Yucatan State Development Plan 2018-2024 with a focus on the 2030 Agenda.

This research analyzes situations that allow detecting the survival of criminological positivism in the framework of the pandemic due to the effects of Covid-19, all of which is interpreted since the global crisis that generated a series of consequences that were not only reflected in health, but also in the legal, political, social and economic, since fundamental rights or legal assets of great value were violated, such is the case of the right to life, personal integrity and the right to health, in addition, collaterally there have been systematic violations of other rights, such as: education, property, economic and labor freedom, leisure and recreation. This is a documentary study, in which electronic registration implemented as a data recording technique, for its collection, the computerized system used and the data analyzed through documentary observation and legal hermeneutics. It evidenced that criminological positivism as a penal-criminological model has survived in time and space, where the pandemic due to the effects of COVID-19 has served as a catalyst for such a theoretical conception.

The reported investigation had a double objective. First, to know the factors that influence the implementation process of a social project between academics from the Universidad Veracruzana and members of the community of Xico, Veracruz, in Mexico. Second, to promote social change by developing social enterprises in such community. To achieve the double research goal, it was studied the case of the Universidad Veracruzana Social Entrepreneurship Facilitation Program implementation in the community of Xico, Mexico. The phenomenon was observed in an original and interdisciplinary way from the perspective of innovation implementation theories and collaborative pedagogies. The methodology applied was action-research, using participant observation, interviews, work meetings, and document review as means of data collection, as well as open coding for analysis. Data triangulation was used as a validation method. The presence of 23 determinants of process implementation was discovered, of which 14 were process facilitators, seven were barriers, and two were influenced both ways, depending on the participant's characteristics. Some of the main critical factors of the implementation process were: the multidisciplinary nature of the innovative design and implementation team, the knowledge of the characteristics of the community, the communication channels used, the differentiation of the program, personal attributes, sociodemographics characteristics and the communication behavior of the participants, the availability of resources, the effort and credibility of the facilitators, and the role of opinion leaders and program champions. In conclusion, a model is proposed for the implementation of university-community partnership projects.