Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this article is to identify the challenges faced by organizations in Latin America, for the period 1975-202, within the framework of the organizational strategic management process. For this, a bibliometric analysis is applied using the Web of Science database (Core Collection) and EBSCO, following the SciMAT (Science Mapping Analysis Tool) v1.1.04 methodology. The sample is limited by performing a descriptive and multiple correspondence analysis for the period 2016-2021. The results show 414 articles for the period 1975-2021, and 17 categories of challenges are identified, of which 57.8% state that the main challenges will be health, literary, educational, internationalization, and human rights, among others. Where 75.72% was applied only to Latin America and of which 88.15% is written in Spanish, and in 59.83%, the main author is male. In addition, applying a multiple correspondence analysis, it is discovered that there is an association between the type of challenge, the application of the study, and the gender of the primary author. It is concluded that necessary to deepen the knowledge of the challenges faced by organizations in Latin America and that these post-pandemic challenges should be taken up again when the normalcy stage begins.

The objective of this article was to analyze the appreciations that female and male students at one of the higher-level schools of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional in Mexico have regarding the factors related to self-determination in order to identify the perceptions about the motivations and attitudes of students towards online learning in the second year of the COVID-19 lockdown. It is a quantitative study in which online questionnaires were applied to 3,275 students; a convenience sample was used. Data were analyzed with SPSS software and exploratory factor analysis, the U Mann Whitney non-parametric test, and generalized linear models with the Omnibus contrast test were used for the analysis of the explanatory variables of the models (which were divided between women and men). It was found that men obtained higher scores in the factors of intrinsic motivation, introjected regulation, and extrinsic material; while women averaged higher in those feelings and perceptions generated by demotivation. It is concluded that it is important to work with women's self-esteem and female empowerment, in addition to influencing young people about the knowledge they have about the careers they are studying. It is essential to raise their expectations about their future profession, and in this way, reduce the apathy, discouragement, and sadness of young people, as well as increase hope for the future.

The growing complexity of technoscientific issues has posed a challenge to decision-making in our democracies. Over the last two decades, we have thus witnessed a rise in the participatory processes that promise to democratize these issues by including citizens in decision-making. This paper aims to study the discourses and practices of the organizers of participatory processes in Spain to analyze these proposals' limits. In order to accomplish this objective, we conducted eight case studies by interviewing the individuals responsible for these processes and examining publicly available materials related to them. The analysis of the collected data reveals that, although the participation of laypeople is considered a positive contribution, the very configuration of participation—based on a problematic division between experts and non-experts—ends up limiting the ambition of democratizing decision-making. Based on these findings and drawing on lessons from the field of activism, the paper proposes a 'participation in the wild', which would allow rethinking the disposition of the stages and rhythms of participatory processes, and thereby blur the asymmetries that constitute these devices. This work, therefore, aims to contribute to the assembly of elements of political theory and science and technology studies, as well as bridging the gap between two fields that can make important contributions to achieve more democratic ways of conceiving decision-making concerning science and technology in society.

In the world, a large part of the population receives its income through the performance of a subordinate work in economic entities, whether public or private.  In Mexico, due to the open economy model adopted from the 80s, a stage began in which various labor contracting schemes emerged whose main purpose was to generate greater sources of work and be more competitive. However, omissions or legal gaps in the reforms to tax, labor and social security laws, among other causes; They encouraged the hiring of workers under labor informality schemes with the consequent undermining of their labor rights, especially that of social security. The lack of this implies vulnerability and reduces or nullifies their ability to face adverse circumstances physically and economically during the work stage and retirement, affecting their quality of life and that of their families and making it impossible on some occasions and in others slowing down their social mobility. The present research of descriptive type and inductive method was developed with the analysis-synthesis of the information obtained from documents of scientific bases, legislation and Mexican governmental sources and international organizations, obtaining because of the critical analysis, the description of the implications of labor informality in Social Security.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze managerial management and financial strategies in the supplier and construction company Sandoval S.A.S of Riohacha D.E.T.C. It was taken as a reference in the theoretical contributions of authors such as Van de Berghe (2016), González et al. (2019), Paredes (2017) Prieto and Barrios (2018), among others. The study was framed within a non-experimental, transactional, field methodological design with a descriptive level; a population census of nineteen (19) subjects belonging to the administrative area of the company was selected. The survey is used as a technique, whose data collection instrument was the questionnaire with multiple answer options under the Likert scale. It was possible to observe the dynamics in which organizations in this sector, in particular, play a managerial role from a financial perspective, becoming more and more aware of the importance of knowledge and skills in this regard for their leaders, which is why it should be encouraged developing financial skills. It is concluded that financial strategies form a fundamental pillar within the organization's business management; since they are determinant for its permanence in the market, a positive relationship between the variables is appreciated.

This article describes the evolution of the teaching professionalization process in the Angolan university context. To this end, the following methods and techniques were used: historical-logical, documentary analysis, and observation. With the use of the methods and techniques referred to, three essential stages of the evolution of the teaching professionalization process in the Angolan university context were determined. The first stage refers to the process of prioritized attention for the development of the higher education subsystem. The second stage refers to the establishment, by the Angolan Government, of collaboration protocols with a significant number of countries and universities of international prestige, aimed at training and qualifying of staff that the country needs for its development. The third stage is based on the elaboration and implementation of actions leading to the improvement of the teaching professionalization process in the Angolan university context. The results obtained indicate that the process of teacher professionalization in the Angolan university context should base its pillars on the articulation of the substantive processes of the contemporary university: teaching, research, university extension, management, and internationalization.

The general objective of this study is to explore the effects of collaborative activities on business performance in the context of the economic crisis generated by the coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic through the theoretical contributions of Medrano and Olarte-Pascual (2016), Hannah and Eisemhardt (2018), Cortez and Johnston (2020), and Crick and Crick (2020a). Likewise, in order to respond to the proposed objective, the use of quantitative methodology was considered pertinent by applying a telephone survey to a sample of 65 companies from the automotive industry in Mexico, analyzing the information through the statistical technique Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results suggest that collaboration has significant positive effects on business performance of companies in the automotive industry, even in an economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

The paper makes a brief review of the adaptation of the ideas of classical liberalism in Latin America from the processes of emancipation until the second half of the nineteenth century. It starts from the conceptual framework of the liberal ideas that emerged in the Enlightenment and in the revolutionary events in France and the United States. The article's main objective is to analyze the adaptation of these ideas in two areas: political and economic. In the political area, it analyzes the ambivalence between democracy and monarchy, the influence of religion in political life, discussions about slavery and its abolition, and ideas about the nation. In the economic area, the theoretical influence of liberal ideas in Latin America and the free market economic policies that were implemented at the end of the century are examined. For this purpose, a historical-analytical review is carried out based on primary documents, such as the letters of Thomas Jefferson and those of Abraham Lincoln, and based on previous studies. This review is conceptually framed in Classical Liberalism. It is concluded that the ideas of liberalism served for the construction of weak democracies in the region, which maintained certain benefits to the Catholic Church and, at the same time, were strengthened from the opening to the external market in response to the need for raw materials that came from the industrial increase in Europe and the United States.

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Competency-based curricula are oriented towards active learning where the student is the center, and emphasis is placed on professional practice; an example of application are the careers that exalt the procedural aspect as is the case of Pharmacy and Biochemistry.  In this framework and considering the theoretical approaches of Tobón (2006); Wagenaar, et al. (2007); UNESCO (2016/2023); Incháustegui (2019), among others, the research aims to determine the level of achievement of competencies in the subject of Pharmaceutical Administration and its relationship with the graduation profile of students of the Pharmacy and Biochemistry program at the Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (UNT) in Peru. This is a descriptive, non-experimental study with correlational design, whose population and sample consisted of students of the professional program of Pharmacy and Biochemistry of the UNT, enrolled in the subject Pharmaceutical Administration in the academic year 2020-I; additionally, key informants of the process were interviewed. The results show that students respond better to procedural aspects, i.e., there is a direct and positive relationship between the achievement of competencies by didactic units and the achievement of the graduation profile. They also reveal that the levels of achievement of the competencies are in the "Achievement" classification, that is to say that minimum levels have been reached in relation to what was expected, and therefore, it puts at risk the achievement of the trait of the graduate profile established in the curricular plan. Barriers present in the institution, such as: teachers' resistance, difficulty to integrate the knowledge of the disciplines, difficulty to evaluate learning and weaknesses in the institutional capacities, make up the context that supports the results regarding the achievement levels reached by the students and their correspondence with the graduation profile.