Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Reseña de la obra reciente publicada por Trea.

Introdução: O leite materno é rico em fatores de proteçãodeterminantes para redução da morbimortalidade do recém--nascido. O conhecimento das mães sobre os elementosimunológicos presentes no leite pode influenciar na duração do tempo de amamentação. Objetivos: Levantar as informações disponíveis, em artigos científicos, relativas aoconhecimento materno sobre a importância imunológica do aleitamento materno para o recém-nascido. Método: Estudo de revisão narrativa da literatura dos últimos vinte anos,nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, que relacionam a amamentação com a resposta imunológica do bebê e conhecimento das mães sobre a importância protetora do leitematerno. Resultados: Foram encontrados 38 artigos, sendo 15 sobre o conhecimento das mães em relação à importância imunológica do aleitamento materno e 23 relacionados aoscomponentes imunológicos presentes leite materno. Os principais conhecimentos citados nos artigos de forma geral são relativos à proteção contra doenças sem especificar osmotivos de tal proteção. Conclusão: Há na literatura mais artigos sobre os componentes imunológicos presentes no leite materno do que artigos sobre o conhecimento das mãessobre a importância imunológica do aleitamento natural para o recém-nascido.Palavras chave: Aleitamento materno Conhecimento, Recém-nascido, Sistema imunológico AbstractIntroduction: Breast milk is rich in protective factors determining the reduction of morbidity and mortality of the newborn. The mothers’ knowledge about the immunological elements of milk can influence the duration of breastfeeding. Objectives: To survey the informationavailable, in scientific articles, on maternal knowledge about the immunological importance of breastfeeding for the newborn. Method: This was a study of a narrative reviewof the literature from the last twenty years, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, which related breastfeeding with the baby’s immune response and mothers’ knowledge about theprotective importance of breast milk. Results: Thirty-eight articles were found, 15 on mothers’ knowledge regarding the immunological importance of breastfeeding and 23related to the immunological components present in breast milk. The main knowledge cited in the articles is related to protection against diseases without specifying the reasonsfor such protection. Conclusion: There are more articles in the literature about the immunological components present in breast milk, than articles about mothers’ knowledge about the immunological importance of breastfeeding for newborn.Keywords: Breast feeding, Knowledge, Newborn, Immune system

El número ordinari de la revista Arxiu d’Etnografia de Catalunya recull els articles que ens han fet arribar tant autors i autores consolidats com estudiants del màster en Antropologia Mèdica i Salut Global, del màster en Antropologia Urbana, Migracions i Intervenció Social o del doctorat en Antropologia i Comunicació, que s’imparteixen al Departament d’Antropologia, Filosofia i Treball Social de la URV.

Aquesta investigació analitza les múltiples i complexes realitats socials de set adolescents fills i filles de famílies marroquines en el municipi d’Alzira. Es tracta d’aprofundir i relatar-ne les experiències, els posicionaments i les estratègies entorn de: 1) els projectes de les seves famílies i les repercussions en les seves vides; 2) els múltiples espais de socialització en els quals aquests adolescents es relacionen en la seva quotidianitat, i 3) la incidència de la migració i dels espais de socialització en els seus processos complexos d’identificació. El marc analític d’aquesta recerca aposta per la perspectiva transnacional, que reconeix l’espai social transnacional com a espai de ressignificació de les pràctiques i les relacions en l’àmbit local. També s’adopta una perspectiva interseccional, que aborda de manera relacional i multidimensional aquesta realitat des del gènere, la classe social, l’ètnia, la religiositat i la sexualitat. “Generació openmind” és una expressió que pretén esquivar plantejaments homogeneïtzadors i pensar en termes de la socialització i la identitat com a processos complexos amb multiplicitat de posicions intermèdies que els i les adolescents solen ocupar entre el món de referència familiar i els mons de referència de la societat d’acollida.

Partindo da premissa de que o consumo expressa códigos culturais, o propósito deste artigo é analisar a representação sobre o feminismo tendo por base um estudo realizado sobre a marca brasileira de chás «The Feminist Tea». O corpus da análise provém do sítio eletrônico que a abriga, páginas oficiais nas redes sociais, entrevistas e reportagens. Observou-se neste material o uso intenso do termo «empoderamento» central no chamado femvertising («publicidade feminista/feminina»). Apresentando-se como um negócio social, a marca comunica narrativas que buscam agregar relevância ao produto, inserindo-se na lógica do «feminismo de mercadoria». Narrativas de pertencimento reforçam a visão de que o consumo pode ser capaz de estabelecer identidade entre grupos. Com apoio da literatura sobre novas formas de consumo e feminismo pretende-se apontar nesta marca de chás a construção de narrativas que articulam consumo, afirmação identitária e feminismo. O trabalho suscita questões como a apropriação de um movimento político como objeto de consumo, o real potencial de mudança social desta abordagem, os limites e possibilidades de se utilizar o espaço do consumo como arena de militância. Por outro lado, essa nova narrativa pode ser especialmente positiva ao popularizar debates e ações que podem aproximar pessoas a ações políticas organizadas coletivamente.

In this article we discuss the benefits and challenges involved in conducting a comparative ethnography between Latin American and European countries. Our starting point is the study of the Slow Food movement, which began in Italy in the late 1980s and has been an international movement since 1989. Today it is present in over 160 countries around the world. We focus our study on this food movement in Brazil and Germany, two countries whose different contexts ensure that richness is brought to this comparison. Our aim is to understand how the structures, agenda and modes of action differ in Latin America and Europe. The challenges involved in conducting a comparative study of this nature begin with the research design and how to select units of analysis that can be compared with research methods conducted in situ. The work presented in this paper is the result of a multisite ethnography (which often needed to become a virtual ethnography) that used direct observations and in-depth interviews to collect the data for analysis. The challenge of conducting ethnography in such diverse contexts was always a component of this project – even before the pandemic. Here we report those challenges and their solutions, as well as the opportunities that emerged from this comparison.

In this paper we perform a prospective inspection of the processes of patrimonialization and cultural spatialization generated by the coronavirus pandemic more than two years since its astonishing outbreak. We examine the practices and discourses that were conducted from dominant and secondary positions, investigate how these spaces coexisted with pre-existing spatial languages of memory, and analyze their presence in the geographical context of a global city such as Madrid, with its parallel processes of touristification and metropolization. Our aim is to discover how the story of the pandemic will be told through all sorts of representations in public spaces such as streets, squares, plaques and monuments. We also analyze how these symbolic imaginaries permeate the construction of what we call collective memory. In addition, we examine various locations that were not designed with a sanitary or funerary function in mind but which were obliged during this crisis to perform those functions. Specifically, we discuss how these locations intend to resume their previous activities and assess what representative marks the pandemic will leave on them.

This article examines the system of reciprocity and morality associated with the use of public housing in Sydney, Australia. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in the Waterloo district of the city, the article analyses the central role played by everyday moralities to perpetuate, or even accentuate, structural inequalities and capital accumulation in Sydney. Recent studies have focused their analysis of housing and moral economy on mortgages and the financialization of the system. In this study, however, I examine the specific case of public housing renovation. In the first part of the article, I discuss how public housing changed from being perceived as part of a social contract to becoming integrated within a system of surveillance and penalization. In the second part, I analyze the act of receiving a government-owned house and the moral obligations involved in that act. As a conclusion to the article, I discuss how structural inequalities and capital accumulation are created at the local level via specific dynamics related to norms, meanings and practices.

An aging population alters the relationship between the working and non-working populations, thus increasing the socioeconomic burden of healthcare costs for the older generation. Therefore, although an aging population has the positive connotation of greater longevity, it also presents numerous challenges that must be addressed in Spain and Europe when it comes to designing new social and cultural policies aimed at empowering a growing number of citizens who need to be aware of the importance of actively participating in their own healthcare. This paper is based on the premise that the current historical phase requires promoting consolidating healthcare via new ICT solutions focused on e-health. I will also show that, in a context of progressive transformation in cultural habits and healthcare relationships, close collaboration is needed between the private actors responsible for designing and refining the health care system and the various electronic systems used in healthcare and follow-up.

Aquest article rescata les bases antropològiques del concepte de deute, tot posant-lo en relació amb les nocions més clàssiques de do i reciprocitat. A continuació, dona compte de la proliferació d’estudis antropològics sobre el deute a partir de la crisi financera del 2008, i assenyala i situa els treballs més influents que han aparegut els darrers anys en aquest àmbit, els quals endreça en grans tendències. L’article es completa amb una referència al cas de la crisi hipotecària a Espanya, amb l’aportació original de l’autora entre d’altres.