Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In this paper we intend to explain the late development of Hispanic lexicography in Paraguay, a phenomenon attributable to a confluence of historical and linguistic factors. Paraguayan Guarani or Avá n̅e'e has survived for five centuries and is spoken today by seven million mestizos in Paraguay alone, establishing a profound bilingualism through its enduring coexistence with Spanish. Historically, the arrival of Jesuit missionaries in 1587, notably Antonio Ruiz de Montoya—a pioneering lexicographer of Guarani—marked a period where the colonizers actively learned Guarani for indigenous religious instruction, leading to an absence of overt linguistic conflict during the colonial era. Post-independence, there was a radical shifting in linguistic policies: Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, the first president, prioritized Guarani and pursued national production, whilst isolating the country; whereas his successor, Carlos Antonio López, promoted Castilianization to foster international trade relations. Subsequently, under Francisco Solano López— Carlos López’s son—, Guarani was reinstated as a vital military communication tool during the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870), yet this period was followed by a severe discrimination against the language. It was not until the administrations of the 1920s and 1930s, particularly under Eligio Ayala, that a concerted effort towards the harmonious coexistence of both languages was re-established, a linguistic equilibrium that persists to this day. We thus conclude that the future advancement of Spanish lexicography in Paraguay necessitates a thorough consideration of the intricate relationship of interference and complementarity between Spanish and Guarani.

This paper presents a close and comprehensive reading of the novel Las horas claras in order to account for its complex narrative framework. As a matter of fact, we consider that, in this work, the constant appeal to the resource of paratext (Gérard Genette) is a function of a dialogic (Mikhail Bakhtin) and intertextual (Julia Kristeva) narrative. Thus, Las horas claras becomes a sort of battlefield between voices that emerge not only from the central body of the work, but also from multiple paratexts, which, rather than accompanying or limiting it, expand its meaning and give it depth. Las horas claras, then, more than the recounting of the small history of an egregious house, should be considered the story of struggle and survival of a voice: that of Madame Savoye.

This article carries out a textual analysis of the selected play. Within the framework of such methodology, we will work in terms of semantic macrostructures; that is, themes and macro- propositions as basic categories. The above aims to demonstrate that El mundo dramático de Ernesto, a work written and published in 1842 by the Spaniard living in Chile, Rafael Minvielle, was a creation that revealed and disseminated the ideologies that reproduced or resisted power through its two main characters. Consequently, the reading developed is based on the premise that Minvielle's dramatic composition, directly influenced by the context of production and as a political instrument at the service of the recent nation, instills a set of values and aspirations that interpret the country's feelings. At the time of the publication of the text, the country was emerging from a period of transition and instability (revolutionary struggle for independence, prior to the 1920s, plus the subsequent civil war of 1829-30), and was looking for principles that would allow it to project itself with certainty into the civil and political future.

This article analyzes the construction of Central American poetic discourse from a feminine perspective. We draw upon a carefully delimited corpus of poems, specifically selecting works from Gioconda Belli's Sobre la grama (1998), Claribel Alegría's Sobrevivo (1978), Ana María Rodas's Poemas de la izquierda erótica (1998), Elsie Alvarado de Ricord's Es real y es de este mundo (2002), Carmen Naranjo's Mi guerrilla (1977), and Juana Pavón's Antología Poética (1998). Theoretically, this study is grounded in gynocriticism, adopting Showalter's framework with a specific focus on cultural difference. Our qualitative methodology centers on the textual analysis of these selected works, emphasizing the discursive strategies that illuminate the authors' stances toward prevailing sociocultural systems. The analysis reveals that the interplay between these women writers and their unique contexts profoundly shapes both their individual development and their literary output. Ultimately, we conclude that the poetic discourses exhibit expressive variations—at times challenging established norms and at other times integrating within them—contingent upon each author's specific national and social environment.

This research analyzes the appreciative suffixes used by speakers of the dialectal variants in San Francisco (Lempira) and Villa Santa (El Paraíso), Honduras. The study is grounded in Dressler and Merlini Barbaresi's (1994, 2011) morphopragmatic theory and Reynoso Noverón's (2005) semantic-pragmatic typology. For data collection, we engaged 12 direct informants, each linked to 6 indirect informants, totaling 72 participants. These participants generated 576 phrases through spontaneous conversations within family and friendship settings. The qualitative and quantitative data analysis considered variables such as age, gender, and the level of solidarity among interlocutors. The results confirm that the most frequent appreciative suffixes are -ito/a, -illo/a, -ón/ona, and -ote/ota. Through these suffixes, speakers express pragmatic functions including irony, attenuation, politeness, quantification, and centralizing, decentralizing, positive, and negative valuations.

Today I have been invited to share with you within the framework of the sixtieth anniversary of the Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Lingüísticas y Literarias Andrés Bello and the sixty-sixth anniversary of a colossal journal, the magazine Letras, which is now in its 105th issue, with a committed periodicity. In addition, this session is a heartfelt recognition to Minelia Villalba de Ledezma, who dedicated her academic life to linguistic research and education, of whom I was a disciple and received my first lessons in grammatical subjects at the university level. In some cases, I have wanted to speak a little from my experience, from the work I have done, within the framework of what I believe determines us in the field of grammatical research in our country.