Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper analyzes the processes of justification, which constituted the National Program of Historical Compensation for retirees presented in Argentina, in order to unravel the problem of the lack of adjustment in pensions between 2002 and 2006. Based on Boltanski and Thévenot’s theory of justification, we reconstruct the visions of the government and the opposition. The government presented the initiative as a commitment between the industrial and the civic worlds, while the opposition condemns it as a mere arrangement. As a result, the paper shows how Argentinean politics, in more than a decade, could not arrive at a consensual solution to the problem.

The article analyzes the production of vaccines at the Bacteriological Institute (IB) of the National Department of Hygiene of Argentina (DNH) between 1913 and 1921. During these years, under the direction of the Austrian bacteriologist Rudolf Kraus, the production of vaccines was a central stake of the IB's activities. To this end, we present a reconstruction of the different social and cognitive aspects involved in these developments, such as the selection of products, the techniques used, their distribution and effective application, among other issues. We propose that it is possible to identify three types of rationalities that guided the development of vaccines, linked to the retribution that these could yield in the different fields or social spaces: a medical-health, a commercial and a technical scientist, as a result of the different expectations and demands that went through the IB. In methodological terms, the work is based on the analysis of various documentary sources, such as scientific papers and institutional memories of the IB and the DNH, works of professional dissemination or university education of that time, and secondary bibliography of the history of science and medicine.

The historically unequal conditions of indigenous peoples are recognized in multiple social determinants, degrees of recognition and access to specific rights, with special impact on their health. Contemporary studies show a consistent replication of inequalities in the living and health conditions of indigenous peoples, when compared to non-indigenous peoples, in Latin America and in countries from different continents. Through a sociopolitical and historical analysis, based on the ethnography of documents produced mainly in the midst of the course of epidemics that would exterminate about 15% of the Yanomami population in the Brazilian Amazon in the 1980s, and its driving character in the formal creation of the country's First Indigenous Health District, I approach the long path of indigenous and indigenist mobilizations around the construction of a National Health Care Policy for Indigenous Peoples in Brazil. It is when a management of epidemics and human rights violations, operated by a transdisciplinary and transnational network acts contrary to the invisibility of this population segment, producing specific data on their health and territory and generating unprecedented legal effects in the Brazilian State apparatus. On the other hand, by highlighting the fundamental and recommendable character of indigenous peoples' participation in the formulation and implementation of health policies, I contrast the solid path of indigenous health policy with the little dialogue between the State, Indigenous Peoples and specific health actions in Brazil, given the current Covid-19 pandemic.

Both the preservation of the architectural heritage and the physical, sensorial and intellectual and communicational accessibility are recognized as Human Rights. When a person or group finds their ability to access, use and enjoy certain spaces conditioned, their rights are violated. This mainly affects people with disabilities, the elderly, pregnant people, girls or boys and has an impact on everyone's life, because no one is exempt from needing accessibility conditions at some point in life. However, guaranteeing it in protected buildings is not as simple as in a new building and the legislation plays an important role that needs to be analyzed. In the case of Argentina, and particularly of the city of Mar del Plata, large legal gaps and a notable lack of articulation between the themes are detected, which impacts on the material reality of its protected buildings. The objective of this research is to review and contribute to this legal framework from a rights perspective to turn it into a tool in accordance with current paradigms, with a disability perspective and a gender perspective. In this way, it seeks to contribute to protecting the values ​​of goods and democratizing their access at the same time, through a mainly qualitative methodology, compiling and critically studying a selection of standards that address the binomial accessibility and heritage on an international, national and local scale.

Adult immunization is a public health strategy developed and promoted in recent years as a result of population aging. The increase in the proportion of adults in the population and the concern to promote a healthy aging raises the urgency of providing scientific evidence on the factors associated with adult vaccination. The prevalence of immunizations in adults is below the goals set by the Ministry of Health, so it is proposed as an objective to explore and identify the factors associated with vaccination in adults in Argentina, taking into account the recommendations of the National Immunization Calendar. This is a quantitative, exploratory, and correlative study, whose data source is the National Risk Factor Survey 2013. The methodology develops individual logistic models using these explanatory variables: gender, level of education, health coverage, marital situation, and access to information on vaccines for adults in some media. The analysis unit is for people over 18 years old and the objective subpopulations of the following vaccines are analyzed: double bacterial (tetanus – diphtheria: dT) or triple acellular vaccine for adults (diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis: dTpa), influenza and pneumococcus. As a contribution, it can be mentioned that the results indicate that having seen or heard information about vaccines for adults was the factor that most increases the chances of being immunized in Argentine adults.

The "Right to identity" has become over time the ethical, political, and legal paradigm that supports the claim of Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo (Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo) for the restitution of those who were appropriated during the years of State terrorism in Argentina. Today, this right is present with constitutional hierarchy in the Argentine legal order and there are public bodies, such as the National Commission for the Right to Identity (CONADI), which aims to ensure it and repair its violation in the past. However, this right did not always exist as such. Its current formulation is the product of a complex history in which the political activism of the Grandmothers, the intervention of professionals and intellectuals who collaborated with their cause and different actors of the transnational networks of human rights, and the defense of children's rights are intercrossed. Based on the research and analysis of oral testimonies and written sources of diverse origins, in this article, we will investigate the historical origins of the “Right to identity” and the actors involved in its “invention”. We will also examine its impact on the struggle of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and its significance beyond this specific cause. This analysis will allow us to observe how the "invention" of this right was produced in the dialogue between global knowledge and the local activism of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo and between the historically situated specificity of its cause and the universalist and transhistorical expectation of Human Rights.

A series of television spots that the Frente de Todos coalition broadcast for the 2019 Buenos Aires Province elections introduced an element into the visual frame which attracted certain degree of media attention. There are about a car in which the leader of the political binomial, Axel Kicillof, toured the insides of Buenos Aires in order to make his party retake power on that territory, after a period of four years governed by the political coalition Cambiemos. In our study, we believe appropriate to examine, from that vehicle and other surface operators, the diegesis that went through the propaganda announcements that we could call Arriving, because the elements, spaces and situations that makes them up reveal a connoted meaning that is broader than the meeting between the candidates and the voters. The methodology consisted in the realization of a corpus of observation units, according to the plot dimension that unifies them and the referential spaces in which the plot of the spots takes place. The expected impact consists in a study of the political spots’ visual frame, due to that technical devices of propaganda concerning electoral party politics constitute pertinent samples to examine a substantial aspect of contemporary visual culture.

We understand neoliberalism as a reason for government, a way of conducting behaviors that becomes a process of subjectivation through various technologies of intervention on others and itself. The structural transformations that have been taking place in capitalism since the last quarter of the 20th century, which imply a growing flexibility of production and labor, they have been accompanied by a series of technologies for the production of subjectivity. We cannot admit such transformations without, at the same time, recognizing a new production of subjectivity that goes along with them. The particularity of subjectivities produced in neoliberal capitalism is that they are changeable, risky, uprooted, in other words, frantic subjects are required, never fully conformed, and never static. This frenzy is framed in competition as a mode of behavior, inequality as an operative condition and is observed in two specific technologies: disobedience and failure understood as opportunity. We work from an archaeological-genealogical perspective, our starting point is a problematic configuration of the present, but we are forced to delve into the discourses of the past in order to reconstruct an historical ontology of ourselves, jointly with the analysis of documents belonging to international and national public and private organizations.

Disability has been perceived over time in different ways, which was the reason for some authors to build models to explain certain social approaches to the subject. This article traces a journey from the first model to the present. In turn, it proposes a new one: the Model of Communication and Legitimate Acknowledgement of Disability (MCLAD), which is characterized by a paradigm shift: moving from inclusion to acknowledgment. To substantiate this, its three categories are presented: acknowledgment, distance and vulnerability. The different theories and concepts that support it will also be presented. The purpose of the MCLAD is to deepen the idea of empowering people with disabilities as part of the diversity of society, closing gaps historically constructed and still in force.

Aborigine community who inhabited —and still do inhabit— the territory currently occupied by the Argentina national state have suffered from simultaneous processes of dispossession, discrimination and pauperization. However, over the decades and within the framework of the struggle that communities have carried out, the government has adapted a part of its legislation to international requirements in relation to the respect for the rights of all people. Thus, San Carlos de Bariloche —the most populated city in the province of Río Negro— was formally declared as intercultural Municipality in 2015. However, despite the official pronouncement and the commitment required from local leaders, some situations actually reveal a superfluous application of the stated principles, as well as an everlasting existence of a traditionalist historiography that has backward-looking effects on the representatives’ actions. Based on the analysis of specific circumstances and within the framework of up-to-date local intercultural legislation, this article aims to point out inadequacies in the actions of the Municipality and at the same time account for a vague position regarding the accompaniment and defense of the Mapuche communities. In this way, even though interculturality isn’t restricted only to the relationship between government and indigenous communities, the main objective is to turn on a warning light that motivates an overcoming action on the part of those who have exercised —and exercise— any political function in the city under the conviction that it is necessary to vindicate the rights of the Mapuche people to their own history, territory and identity, as rights enshrined by international law for all the inhabitants of the planet.