Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Due to the importance of the Desi type chickpea in certain areas of Mexico, as food for cattle, the research was carried out with the objective of evaluate and identify outstanding genotypes to produce forage, grain and nutritional quality, from five chickpea genotypes, four from INIFAP and one from ICRISAT. Field trials were established during the 2018 – 2019 and 2019 – 2020 fall-winter agricultural cycles according to a fully randomized block design. The five genotypes showed similar grain yield (3.48 – 3.87 t ha-1); the variety El Patron presented the highest biological yield (14.21 t ha-1), waste yield (10.73 t ha-1) and the highest capacity of animal units to feed. The grain of the San Antonio 05 variety presented the highest protein content (24.04 %) and the experimental line ICC-1273, the lowest (21.55 %). The preference analysis showed that the ICC-1273 genotype was the one with the highest nutritional quality. All genotypes showed an important content of minerals, being K+ (1.35 to 1.44 %) the one with the highest concentration.

Chili wilting or drying is one of the main diseases that causes very considerable losses in the production of the chili crop. The use of chemical fungicides is a common practice promoting resistance and environmental contamination. The reconversion of agriculture demands sustainable alternatives, among which the use of rhizospheric fungi = arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Rpcv) stand out, which are seen as a valuable tool for the protection of crops. horticultural when they are applied through consortia. The general objective of the present investigation consisted in evaluating consortiums of mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria as biological control vs Phythopthora capsici, in cultivars of 23 genotypes of chili peppers, from various agricultural locations in the Mexico country, were evaluated. The AMF that made up the consortium were: six strains of Rhizophagus intraradices with the codes Zac-19, Ced-20, Tab-21, Mér-22, Pap-23 and Jal-24. Likewise, four strains of rhizobacteria were included (Rpcv = Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria), three of the genus Pseudomonas corresponding to P. lini, P. fluorescens, Acinetobacter guillouiae and one of the genus-species Aeromona caviae. The study treatments were four: T1 = Control (No nutritional contribution (water)), T2 = Consortium = (mixture) of the six AMF, T3 = Consortium of six AMF plus the consortium of four Rpcv, T4 = Chemical fertilization based on a nutrient solution. In the resistance of plants to the attack of P. capsici, They reduced the attack of the fungus P. capsici, in plants of 23 cultivars of chile; The Pasilla-type and Guajillo-type chili cultivars presented the highest resistance to the attack of P. capsici, when they were inoculated with AMF + Rpcv, while the Serrano, Puya and Jalapeño-type chilies were the ones with the highest susceptibility to the attack of the phytopathogenic fungus

Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck is a scarcely studied cactus; its characterization contributes to identifying the bioactive compounds it contains and its functional properties, which will allow generating information on potential uses and applications. The aim of this work was to characterize N. cochenillifera cladodes flour physicochemically and identify the phenolic compounds that it contains. In general, N. cochenillifera flour is low in calories (337%) with high total dietary fiber content (18.41%). In addition, it exhibits good water (11.04%) and oil (2.05%) absorption capacity, while swelling capacity was 25 mL/g DW. The content of soluble and hydrolyzable polyphenols were 207.92 and 647.99 mg EAG/100 g DW, respectively. In addition, they showed antioxidant activity by DPPH• (15.28 mmol TE/g DW), FRAP (20.97 mmol TE/g DW), and ABTS•+ (51.31 mmol TE/g DW) methods. Furthermore, six phenolic acids (gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, syringic, and neochlorogenic) were identified by HPLC. According to the results, N. cochenillifera cladodes flour is an important source of fiber and bioactive compounds with interesting functional properties. In this context, N. cochenillifera flour could be used as an ingredient in the formulation of functional foods. However, further, studies are needed on the shelf life and optimizing its preservation process, transformation, and functional potential.

Edible films (EF) can be produced and developed for preservation of fruits and vegetables. Starch has been considered one of the biopolymers with the greatest potential to produce edible films by different processing techniques such as extrusion-casting. The objetive was to study the effect of calcium carbonate nanoparticles and plasticizers (sorbitol- glycerol (80-20%; w/w)) (by extrusion (EXT)-casting (CT) combination technologies to obtain EF with improved mechanical and barrier properties. Corn starch-plasticizers were processed in a twin screw extruder to produce thermoplastic starch modified followed by the addition of the calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CCNP) in casting to EF formation. A hybrid design (four factors; twenty one treatments) of surface response methodology was used to optimization process. The optimal EF was characterized mechanical and barrier properties and also characterized according to microstructural properties (X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy) to determine the damage caused in the starch during EXT and CT. In conclusion, it is possible to obtain EF with greater both Breaking Strength and Deformation, as well as, lower Water Vapor Permeability and Solubility (mechanical and barrier properties), through the use of CCNP and plasticizers, using EXT-CT combination processes.

The aim of this study was to study the effects of FS, MP, and DP on the physicochemical and sensory properties of beef patties, as well as to optimize their addition for the development of a product with an enhanced nutritional profile without demerit in their quality properties, by using a mixture design. The assessed evaluations were instrumental color (L*, a*, b*), pH, cooking yield (CY), diameter reduction (DR), and texture profile analysis (TPA). In addition, the sensory properties of flavor, texture, and juiciness were evaluated. FS and MP addition increased the instrumental color values (p < 0.05), while DP decreased them. The pH values decreased by the addition of MP or DP, and CY increased by the addition of FS and DP. The incorporation of MP or DP increased TPA values, while FS had a contrary effect. The addition of MP and DP increased the sensory properties. The optimized formulation included 6 % FS, 10.5 % MP and 3.5 % DP, which resulted in a higher amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly omega-3. Beef patties formulated with FS, MP, and DP could be a food alternative for those health-conscious consumers.

The objective of the present work was to carry out the chemical characterization, and the water and oil retention capacity of flours from two varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), harvested in the state of Durango, México. The flours were obtained from raw and cooked beans. From the results, it was observed that the content of protein and total starch was significantly higher in cooked samples than in the raw ones. On the contrary, resistant starch decreased considerably, it was found in the range of 10.7 to 37.2 g/100 g for raw beans and from 6.6 to 9.3 g/100 g for cooked beans. In general, the total dietary fiber content for raw beans was lower (37.2 to 53.9 %) than for cooked beans (33.9 to 56.4 %), increasing the soluble fraction from 6.1 to 8.9 %. The water and oil absorption capacity were superior in the cooked samples. This study contributes to the knowledge of the wide composition in the two varieties of beans studied that would be useful for their commercialization in the case of raw beans and their processing by applying a heat treatment.

The fruit of Randia monantha is traditionally and empirically used in the preparation of a beverage as antivenom and for the treatment of various diseases, but to date there is little scientific evidence regarding its antimicrobiological properties and toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluar the effect of the administration of the aqueous extract of the Randia monantha pulp on acute toxicity in male Wistar rats and evaluate antimicrobial activity at different concentrations against pathogenic bacteria. The results of acute oral toxicity revealed no deaths in doses up to 5000 mg / kg body weight. The experimental animals showed no significant changes in the weight and behavior parameters evaluated with respect to the control treatment. Rats did not show significant changes in the hematological parameters, but dosis of 5000 mg/kg body weight rats exhibited the appearance of yellow spots on kidney. The aqueous extract did not show antimicrobial activity against test pathogenic bacteria. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of the Randia monantha fruit can be used with some degree of safety by oral administration but should not be taken in high doses.

The use of enzymes such as α-amylases, xylanases and glucosidases is a good alternative to obtain hihger efficiency in the products of the bakery industry, without leaving to mention the laccase that it has shown promising potential. Thus, the objective of this study was to obtain enzyme concentrates of xylanases, amylases, cellulases and laccases from native strains of Pycnoporus sanguineus. For which, the effect of the culture medium on the laccase production was evaluated together with the solid medium screening of xylanases, amylases and cellulases. Laccase and carbohydrolases units were determined from the enzyme concentrates obtained. The higher laccase titers occurred in the Tx2 medium. Regarding carbohydrolases, they were showed up at different levels of activity and combinations. The concentrate with higher titers of amylase and laccase was CH116, while LE90 had the greater xylanase activity and LE133 of cellulase. The CH116 strain was a producer of amylase, cellulase, xylanase and laccase, being the one with the higher potential in the bakery industry, while LE90 can be used in the paper industry due to its combination of xylanases and laccase.

Dada la importancia que tiene Bursera glabrifolia (Kunth) Engl. en el estado de Oaxaca, para la elaboración de alebrijes, la investigación se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el prendimiento de estacas de B. glabrifolia en función de dos fechas de plantación (5 de diciembre y 26 de marzo), cuatro sustratos (proporciones de suelo sin uso agrícola:lombricomposta: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 y 25:75) y cinco profundidades de plantación (5, 10, 15, 20 y 25 cm). El experimento se realizó bajo un diseño experimental factorial 2×4×5 con arreglo completamente al azar. Con ello se pudo encontrar que las estacas sembradas en marzo tuvieron una respuesta favorable en comparación con las establecidas en diciembre. La plantación a 5 cm de profundidad mejoró el prendimiento de las estacas en la fecha de siembra de marzo. A su vez se pudo observar que la fecha y profundidad de propagación, es un factor importante a considerar ya que, de ello depende la supervivencia de las nuevas plantas.

Nowadays the bioactive compounds from plants represent a great potential for discovering a novel drug that could act in cancer treatment. It has been reported that different species of Pine and oak possess cytotoxic activities against various cancer cell lines. In the present study, we evaluated the phenolic profile and cytotoxic activities of crude and organic extracts from P. durangensis and Q. sideroxyla bark. Some compounds such as taxifolin and procyanidin dimers, were identified in extracts of both species by ESI-MS. The cytotoxic activity was performed on MDA-MB-231(breast cancer), HeLa (cervix cancer), MCF-10A (breast non-tumorous cell) and HSF-1184 (human skin fibroblast cells) by MTT assay. All extracts showed a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect against cancer cell lines and small or no activity against non-tumorous. The results provide important information about cytotoxic activity of bark extracts from P. durangensis and Q. sideroxyla.