Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Vanilla planifolia is the main vegetable source of vanillin, a flavoring of wide commercial importance. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, the main V. planifolia pathogen, has devastated whole crops worldwide. Vanilla pompona possesses resistance to common genus pathogens. Extreme climatic variations affect the plant-pathogen interactions. Based on the assumption that temperatures above 28 ºC intensify the infectivity of F. oxysporum in vanilla, was determinate the influence of the increase in temperature on the infectivity of F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (strain M21C5) in V. planifolia and two hybrids of V. planifolia x V. pompona. Cuttings roots of hybrids 1 and 2 (V. pompona x V. planifolia) and V. planifolia were inoculated with spore suspensions of F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. Disease progression was measured for 60 days at 25, 30 and 35 °C. Five replicates per treatment were used, including a control group. ANOVA post hoc Tukey test (P = 0.05) was used for data analysis. V. planifolia was susceptible at 35 °C and highly susceptible at 25 and 30 °C. Both hybrids were resistant to the pathogen at the evaluated temperatures. Due to the resistance, they showed, the hybrids of V. planifolia x V. pompona are a viable alternative to the pathogen.

Bacterial canker is one of the tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) diseases caused by the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm). In this study, Cmm was identified by end-point PCR using the primers CMM5F and CMM6R. The efficacy of methanolic extracts of Agave striata and Fouquieria splendens on Cmm in vitro under greenhouse conditions was evaluated, as well as information about the composition of phytochemicals present in plants. The in vitro assay was performed using the plate microdilution technique from 3.9 mg/L to 1000 mg/L, the Ci50 and Ci90 of each extract was determined. In the greenhouse experiment, the effect of the extracts and an organic product "Biobacter" against Cmm was evaluated on incidence, severity, and morphometric parameters. The in vitro results indicated that the extracts of F. splendens and A. striata showed inhibition on the phytopathogen. The greenhouse trial showed that the incidence, severity and morphometric parameters were lower with F. splendens extract, subsequently, with Biobacter product.

Propolis is a resin made by Apis mellifera bees from vegetation exudates. Biological properties have been documented. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity in ethanolic extracts of propolis from southern Sonora, Mexico. The concentration of total phenols and flavonoids was measured. Antioxidant activity was measured and antihemolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of human erythrocytes was determined. In addition, the activity against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium bacteria was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts presented concentrations of 16.36 ± 1.93 mg EAG/ge and 42.96 mg EQ/ge of phenols and flavonoids, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radicals showed values ​​of 75.65 ± 3.76 and 29.61 ± 0.01 mg ET/gPS respectively, the extracts protected up to 49.56% from hemolysis and prevented cell inflammation up to 49.56%. They also presented antibacterial activity against all the strains evaluated, showing inhibition halos of 8 to 11.3 mm and MIC of 1 and 2 mg of extract/mL The results are the basis for the study of natural formulations with propolis from southern Sonora.

Metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, represent a serious health and death problem in Mexico. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other associations such as the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) define the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), as the set of metabolic alterations that lead to the development of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study was to develop a model of MS in CD1 rodents using a hypercaloric diet and to determine the advantages and / or disadvantages compared to other murine models. Female and male CD1 mice were divided into 2 groups by gender, a control group, and another group with a hypercaloric diet for 10 weeks. The results obtained showed that the hypercaloric diet is efficient to develop the metabolic alterations present in MetS, better results were observed in male mice, which is why the use in this genus is suggested to avoid the hormonal changes present in adult females

Coffee residues have been considered a valuable source of nutritional and functional components thus are considered a potential ingredient for foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, techno-functional and antioxidant properties of coffee silverskin flakes and powder. The results indicated that coffee silverskin flakes and powder showed pH near to neutrality, and the color was Roman coffee and Deep coffee, respectively, which show that milling process change this parameter. Coffee silverskin flakes showed the highest water and oil-holding capacity, while, both coffee residues exert slight swelling and foam capacity, and foam stability, without effect of milling process. However, both residues do not exert emulsion and gelling capacity, as well as emulsion stability. The presence of phenols, flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acid and alkaloids (powder > flakes) were detected in both residues, which exert free- and radical-cation scavenging activity (powder = flakes), reducing power properties, and lipid oxidation inhibition (powder > flakes). In conclusion, coffee silverskin can be proposed as a functional ingredient for food industry.

With green technologies, the damages caused by agro-technological wastes to the environment are eliminated. In our study, it was aimed both to prevent the harm of olive oil waste to the environment and to produce lipase enzyme, which is an important biotechnological product.. E. faecium E68 obtained from milk and dairy products was used in the production of lipase enzyme. E. faecium E68 was developed in lipase production medium containing 10% olive waste, pH6.5, at 37oC with 120 rpm agitation for 48 hours. The effect of temperature, pH metal ion, surfactant and NaCl was also determined. The molecular weight of the partially purified extracellular lipase enzyme was estimated to be around 19-20 kDa  by SDS-PAGE.   The optimum temperature was 45°C, while the enzyme exhibited appreciable thermostability retaining of activity at 55°C for 48h. The lipase was most active in the pH range of 3-11 with an optimum activity at pH 10. 1mM, Ca 2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ and K+ ions modulated the activity of the enzyme but inhibited by Hg2+, SDS and Triton X-100. The enzyme is halophilic and 25% NaCl salt increased the activity. Olive oil waste may be the preferred substrate for lipase production.

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative bacteria with ahigh prevalence worldwide, causing gastric and duodenal ulcers and cancer,  it is one of the main public health problems in Mexico. This work evaluates the in vitro antioxidant, toxic, antibacterial activity, and the ability to inhibit the biofilm formed by H. pylori, of the methanolic extract Juglans regia(EMJR) and crude ethanolic extracts of the species Rosmarinus officinalis (EERO) and Ruta graveolens (EERG) collected in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico. Through phytochemical screening, the presence of secondary metabolites was qualitatively determined. The antioxidant capacity by the DPPH method showed that EMJR was the most active with an IC50of 2.759 μg/mL. The EERG and EERO developed inhibition halos of 11 and 16 mm and a MIC of 0.136 and 0.51 mg/ mL respectively, only the EERO inhibits biofilm formation by 83.7%. Toxicity tests on Artemia salina showed weak to moderate toxicity. The results show the potential use of the studied extracts as alternative sources in the search for new treatments against H. pylori.

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St. Hil) and jarilla (Larrea divaricata Cav.) leaves are commonly used as tea infusions in some Latin American countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity (FRAP, ABTS, and DPPH) and the inhibitory potential of yerba mate and jarilla extracts on the 3CL protease (Mpro) from coronavirus SARS-COV-2 by a molecular docking approach. The main bioactive compounds present in the plant extracts were identified by HPLC-MS. According to the results, the extracts of yerba mate and jarilla showed high antioxidant activity in DPPH (> 91 %), ABTS (> 90 %), and FRAP (> 47 mg TE/g) assays. Additionally, the phenolic compounds present in yerba mate, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) (-9.60 kcal/mol) and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (-8.20 kcal/mol) were more effective on Mpro than the antiviral drugs remdesivir and ribavirin. The compounds rutin and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid have a high affinity and interaction with one of the catalytic residues Cys145 of Mpro. The glycosylation of phenolic compounds affects biological activities: positively anti-COVID-19 and negatively antioxidant. The results suggest that extracts of yerba mate and jarilla leaves could enhance the body's antioxidant defenses and can be used to improve health.

The growing demand for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni as a natural sweetener requires the search for more sustainable production systems. Phosphorus is essential in this crop, as it is involved in processes of energy transformation and biosynthesis of phytochemicals; its low availability affects production and retards plant growth. Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represents a sustainable way to increase crop production, thanks to a better absorption of nutrients, particularly phosphorus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of native AMF consortia, from the locations: Reserva Cuxtal (RC), Tizimín (TZ) and Colonia Yucatán (CY) belonging to the state of Yucatán, with percentages of phosphorus based on to its nutritional requirement, on growth parameters and photosynthesis in S. rebaudiana at the greenhouse level. A completely randomized design with a 4X5 bifactorial arrangement was used. The results indicated that, at low concentrations of phosphorus, there is greater mycorrhizal colonization. The RC+25 % P and CY+25 % P treatments increased growth, improved the aerial architecture of the plants and biomass production, derived from a higher chlorophyll content and a better photosynthetic rate compared to non-inoculated plants.

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is an infectious disease confirmed through IgM and IgG determination obtained by indirect immunofluorescence, although it has limited clinical value because it requires up to three weeks to be reliable. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an alternative for RMSF diagnosis in whole blood, but there is less certainty regarding its ability when urine and tissue samples are used. This study aims to estimate the reliability of PCR in skin swab and urine samples obtained from patients with suspected RMSF, comparing it with PCR results from whole blood samples. Samples from 110 suspected RMSF hospitalized patients, between September 2018 and October 2019, were analyzed. Reliability was calculated using the Kappa Coefficient (K). Rickettsia rickettsii was detected in 21 urine samples, finding substantial agreement (K = 0.607, 95% CI (0.385, 0.844)); meanwhile, 3 skin swabs were positive, but without statistical significance (K = 0.417, 95% CI ((-0.338, 1.172).Our findings support that urine PCR is a reliable technique to confirm clinical suspicion of RMSF in hospitalized patients.