Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The intensive production of vegetables has caused excessive dependence on chemical fertilization, which has generated environmental and food safety problems. An option to reduce the amount of synthetic fertilizers is the management of nutrients through microbial inoculations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two biostimulants based on Trichoderma spp. and one from Bacillus spp., on the diameter, length and weight of bell pepper and tomato fruits under macrotunnel conditions. The treatments were: Genifix®, T22®, Mix® and control (blank). A completely randomized block design with four repetitions was used. Three harvests were made per crop. The response variables were: weight, diameter and fruit length, in addition to the weight of 20 fruits chosen at random. The fruits obtained with the Genifix treatment were larger and heavier, with significant differences from the rest of the treatments. The T22 and Mix also showed a significant effect on the development of larger and heavier fruits in relation to the control in most harvests. The evaluated biostimulants improved the size and weight of bell pepper and tomato fruits in plants with minimal traditional fertilization management under macrotunnel conditions.

Research on the association between risk factors and HPV infection in adult women from Hermosillo does not exist, so a study of cases and controls (1: 2) matched by age was designed to analyze this public health problem at local level. Participants were 33 and 66 women with and without HPV, respectively (mean age = 41.8 ± 7.9 years). The difference in characteristics between groups was tested with conditional logistic regression (univariate). Antioxidant intake was adjusted by total energy using the residual method. Two multivariate logistic regression models were generated to identify factors associated with HPV. In both models, the higher consumption of lycopene (OR = 0.96, CI =0.95-0.99, p = 0.019) and the higher Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TACp) (OR = 0.05, CI 95% = 0.03-0.7, p = 0.024), even adjusted by the number of pregnancies, number of sexual partners, and total number of sexual partners per year, reduced the risk of HPV. Multiple pregnancies and sexual behavior increased the risk of HPV, and higher consumption of lycopene and CATp reduced it in the women in this study. Sex education should be strengthened, as well as the consumption of antioxidants in women from Hermosillo to prevent the development of cervical cancer.

In recent years, research has focused on the study, development and validation of compounds of natural origin that can be used effectively and safely as an alternative to conventional growth promoters routinely used in livestock production, so that these do not compromise animal welfare, or the meat quality characteristics. One of these alternatives is the use of minerals such as zeolites of the clinoptilolite type. Clinoptilolite, when added to ruminant feed, has been shown to have beneficial effects on some parameters of ruminal fermentation, which translates into an improvement in the productive behavior of the animal. However, there is a lack of studies on ruminants, and in some cases have been inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this review is to discuss the effects of the dietary inclusion of clinoptilolite as a feed additive in ovines, and bovines supplemented with different levels of Clinoptilolite.

Saponins are secondary metabolites produced naturally by plants due to biotic stress. Plants of the Yucca genus are considered source of saponins, particularly steroidal glycosides. Due to their chemical structure, they are molecules with diverse functional properties and biological activity. This document critically explores the reported technological procedures to obtain saponins and saponin rich extracts from species of the Yucca genus, as well their properties, bioactivity and current applications. Yucca saponin extracts are considered to have potential for industrial application in various areas, particularly in food technology, health and agriculture.

The genus Enterococcus can be found in water, soil, and food, and above all, they are part of the animal (including human) intestinal microbiota. Food prevalence is mainly due to their resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Seventy-three isolates from chicken viscera were confirmed to belong to the Enterococcus genus by biochemical tests and carbohydrate fermentation. Phenotypic characterization of the species indicates that E. casseliflavus was the predominant specie. Antimicrobial resistance to amikacin (42 %), kanamycin (38 %), streptomycin (55 %), and erythromycin (33 %) in the isolates was notorious. The analysis obtained from ERIC-PCR profiles shows a high genetic variability among the isolates. In addition, a relationship between the antimicrobial and ERIC-PCR profiles was observed among isolates. These results indicate the presence of multi-resistant Enterococcus in commercial chicken viscera with high genetic variability, which could be a potential nosocomial bacterium or transfer this resistance to another pathogenic species causing human diseases.

An analysis was conducted on semi-intensive production of a commercial farm of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to establish recommendations for production improvement, considering the influence of environmental and management variables on growth and survival. For this purpose the records obtained of a production cycle. A variance analysis was conducted to confirm significant differences in environmental variables among ponds. The following relationships were determined: 1) environmental variables with management variables and 2) environmental and management variables with the production parameters (final weight and final survival). Subsequently, simple linear regression models were estimated between the variables related to the production parameters to conduct sensibility analysis by simulation. The analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in temperature and dissolved oxygen concentrations among ponds. The correlation analyses between environmental and management variables showed that the final weight was positively related to temperature and dissolved oxygen and inversely proportional to the stocking density and duration of cultivation (P < 0.05). Survival was negatively correlated with pond size (P < 0.05). Sensibility analysis by simulation showed that variability of dissolved oxygen affected the final production more than other variables, as it increased from 1.521 kg ha-1 to 2.429 kg ha-1. The remainder variables in order of importance were: temperature, duration of cultivation, amount of feed, stocking density and pond size, respectively. Within the ranges tested, higher levels of dissolved oxygen, appropriate stocking densities and small pond size could substantially improve the production in semi-intensive Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp farms.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el proceso de fermentación y características fisicoquímicas y orgánicas de bocashi elaborado con estiércol de ovino, bovino y porcino, además de evaluar su eficiencia como abono orgánico en la producción de forraje en verde y en materia seca, rendimiento en materia seca y proporción tallo:hoja:grano de maíz para ensilar y compararlo con fertilizante químico y sin fertilizar. No se encontraron diferencias en el tiempo de fermentación entre las fuentes de estiércol, sin embargo, el bocashi elaborado con estiércol de ovino presento mayor número de características fisicoquímicas y orgánicas deseables. La producción de forraje en verde y en materia seca y el rendimiento en materia seca y fueron similares entre el bocashi de ovino y usando fertilizante químico (35.54 vs 35.17 ton ha-1; 10.0 vs 9.84 ton ha-1; 28.13 vs 27.93% respectivamente). La proporción de hoja y grano fue mayor en el maíz fertilizado con bocashi de ovino, comparado con el resto de los tratamientos, por lo que se concluye que el uso de bocashi elaborado con estiércol de ovino como fertilizante para la producción de maíz para ensilar, puede ser una opción viable para sustituir el uso de agroquímicos sin afectar el rendimiento, por su mayor producción de grano y hoja, sugiere ser un buen forraje para obtener ensilados de alta calidad. 

La monensina sódica se utiliza en bovinos para aumentar la eficiencia alimenticia. Sin embargo, es fácil que se produzcan intoxicaciones por sobredosificación. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar sobre un caso de intoxicación accidental por monensina sódica en un sistema de producción láctea intensiva del norte de México. En este reporte, 306 animales Holstein-Friesian de cinco meses de edad fueron alimentados accidentalmente con una ración que contenía una alta concentración de monensina sódica. Estos animales presentaron signos de diarrea, depresión, anorexia, ataxia, disnea, sialorrea, taquicardia, distensión yugular, atonía ruminal, edema y deshidratación. En el análisis bioquímico se encontró alta actividad sérica de creatinfosfoquinasa. De los animales intoxicados, murieron 82 (26.79 % de mortalidad). Se practicaron nueve necropsias donde encontraron miopatía degenerativa con áreas blanquecinas multifocales en corazón, hidrotórax, hidropericardio, congestión y edema pulmonar. La evaluación histopatológica reveló que el 100 % presentó algún tipo de miocarditis supurativa, o no supurativa, con degeneración de fibras miocárdicas. En hígado se encontró hepatitis supurativa y necrótica. Otros hallazgos importantes fueron, bronconeumonía fibrinosa, supurativa o fibrinopurulenta con pleuritis fibrinosa y vasculitis necrótica. El 55.55 % mostró arteritis fibrinoide y 55.55 % congestión y edema pulmonar. Se suspendió la dieta y se trataron los signos; no se registraron más muertes. Con base en estos hallazgos se concluyó con la presentación de un caso de intoxicación por monensina sódica en becerras. 

The antimicrobial activity of Mexican oregano(Lippia berlandieri) essential oils (OEOs) was evaluatedagainst bacteria inhabiting shrimp ponds. One OEO hadhigher thymol content and another had higher carvacrolcontent, both compounds have antimicrobial properties.Bacterial isolates (n = 19) were collected in shrimpfarms, from shrimp hepatopancreas, pond water and/or sediments. The genus Pseudomonas was the mostfrequent as it was found in four out of 13 sampled farmsand was mainly isolated from hepatopancreas. All theisolates were used to evaluate the antimicrobial effectof five antibiotics and the two OEOs by inhibition zonetests. The antimicrobial activity of the two OEOs wasstatistically significant against seven bacterial species,compared to the other antibiotics (p < 0.007143). The bacterial species sensitive to the thymol-rich OEO wereSerratia marcescens, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonellaspp., whereas Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescensand Salmonella typhi were susceptible to the carvacrolrich OEO. The thymol-rich OEO had significantly higherantibacterial effect than oxytetracycline, magnamycin,aviflox and enrofloxacin, whereas the carvacrol-richOEO outperformed oxytetracycline and magnamycin.In conclusion, the two OEOs evaluated had higherantibacterial properties than most antibiotics used inthis study.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a decrease in tourism activity. This has caused huge losses to the tourism industry, so different approaches have been devised for economic reactivation. This article aims to provide a novel strategy for mass molecular monitoring of clinically healthy individuals, and also including potentially asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2, who traveled to a tourist resort The monitoring consisted of collecting individual saliva samples (n=120) and conforming groups of 10 samples, thus setting 12 individual pools, which were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Obtained data showed that all the samples analyzed were negative, thus confirming that no individuals were infected with SARS-CoV-2 before and during the travel. The proposed molecular protocol allowed the analysis of massive saliva samples and detect individual infected persons (negative or positive). protocol for evaluate massive event, thus promoting the economic activation of the tourism industry.