Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Pattern-set matching refers to a class of problems where learning takes place through sets rather than elements. Much used in computer vision, this approach presents robustness to variations such as illumination, intrinsic parameters of the signal capture devices, and pose of the analyzed object. Inspired by applications of subspace analysis, three new collections of methods are presented in this paper: (1) New representations for two-dimensional sets; (2) Shallow networks for image classification; and (3) Subspaces for tensor representation and classification. New representations are proposed with the aim of preserving the spatial structure and maintaining a fast processing time. We also introduce a technique to keep temporal structure, even using the principal component analysis, which classically does not model sequences. In shallow networks, we present two convolutional neural networks that do not require backpropagation, employing only subspaces for its convolution filters. These networks present advantages when the training time and hardware resources are scarce. Finally, to handle tensor data, such as video data, we propose methods that employ subspaces for representation in a compact and discriminative way. Our proposed work has been applied to several problems, such as 2D data representation, shallow networks for image classification, and tensor representation and learning.

5G is the new 3GPP technology designed to solve a wide range of requirements. On the one hand, it must be able to support high bit rates and ultra-low latency services, and on the other hand, it should be able to connect a massive amount of devices with loose bandwidth and delay requirements. Network Slicing is a key paradigm in 5G, and future 6G networks will inherit it for the concurrent provisioning of diverse quality of service. As scheduling is always a delicate vendor topic and there are not so many free and complete simulation tools to support all 5G features, in this paper, we present Py5cheSim. Py5cheSim is a flexible and open-source simulator based on Python and specially oriented to simulate cell capacity in 3GPP 5G networks and beyond. To the best of our knowledge, Py5cheSim is the first simulator that supports Network Slicing at the Radio Access Network. It offers an environment that allows the development of new scheduling algorithms in a researcher-friendly way without detailed knowledge of the core of the tool. The present work describes its design and implementation choices, the validation process and results, and different use cases.

Colombia ranks fourth in the world in banana production. The income from this production represents more than 14% of the total Colombian agricultural exports in 2019. Its production is concentrated in the agricultural cooperatives of two departments, Antioquia (41.1%) and Magdalena (14.6%). The sector is a strong generator of jobs and the development of these departments through the social and solidarity economy through a strong presence of associations, foundations, corporations and cooperatives. However, this sector presents four problems. The first is the high climatic risk, as the strong winds have caused the plants to fall. The second is related to low profit margins, the third is related to plant diseases Fusarium Race 4, Black Sigatoka, Maduraviche or Moko and crown rot. Finally, the fourth is related to the shortage of labor. This article proposes the state of the art of the sustainability methods of agricultural systems in order to identify those that can be used in the banana sector in the department of Magdalena.

Given the economic potential of tourism, the public and private sectors and international cooperation have focused their efforts on consolidating the sector as a way to improve living conditions in the territories, especially in those that have been victims of the armed conflict. In the case of the department of Caquetá, the Environmental and Rural Community Tourism Promotion Corporation - Corcaraño, a peasant-based organization forged in the community philosophy, has become, since 2016, a strategic actor for the consolidation of tourism in the department, participating in multiple projects and initiatives. Thus, this research exercise, with a mixed and descriptive approach, presents the organizational maturity assessment carried out at Corcaraño, based on Harold Kerzner’s model. The organization is located on the first rung (common language), so it should, if it wishes to consolidate a successful project culture, carry out an improvement and articulation plan, in order to allow the development of business skills that guarantee the success of its mission.

The objective of this work is to analyze information and communication technologies (ICT) in medium-sized companies in the city of Valledupar, Colombia. The research was developed under a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, transactional approach. A survey of 22 items validated by experts was applied and of which 19 items acquired a confidence of 0.82 %. Due to the lack of response from the entrepreneurs, the analysis of the results was carried out through a non-probabilistic sample, since from a population of 87 companies only 15 responded. It is confirmed that the factors of adoption of ICT tools (human talent capacity, hardware capacity for the technological structure, software capacity, financial capacity, information quality, and economic activity) are effectively relevant to make good use of said tools. Regarding the importance of ICT tools, the impact that these tools have on business competitiveness is corroborated, since 86 % —that is, 13 of the 15 companies— mention having increasingly better competitiveness.

This paper seeks to determine what socioeconomic aspects influence the economic reintegration process of former combatants from illegal armed groups in Bolívar, Colombia. For this purpose, an analysis of some variables such as age, gender, educational level, marital status, former group, family income and type of demobilization is carried out. Methodologically, a two-stage econometric binary choice model (Probit) was applied. This research found that educational level, family income and gender are the key socioeconomic determinants of economic reintegration in the population under study. Finally, the scholar community is invited to carry out studies of this type in order to understand the factors that can affect the economic re- integration of ex-combatants across the country. These analyzes provide critical information for designing more successful reintegration programs for insurgent groups, considering that Colombia is currently going through a massive demobilization process which will require a successful reintegration program that pre- vent former combatants from recidivism.

The tourism sector is one of the most important economic activities in the global context. In this sense, this article focuses on identifying research trends in business tourism at the international level. Methodologically, a bibliometric analysis of the scientific productions published on the Scopus database was developed and a network analysis was performed through co-occurrences of keywords using the VOSviewer tool. In general terms, the result shows an increase in worldwide research on business tourism, which is grouped into six main thematic areas: tourism economics; tourism destinations development; business tourism; tourism market and tourist behavior; competitiveness and international tourism; and sustainable development and tourism management. The results discuss each of these fields and conclude on the relevance of continuing to orient investigative processes towards the evaluation and understanding of the dynamics generated by business tourism in global contexts.

This article examines the innovative dynamics in technology and digital transformation of cooperatives in Antioquia in the present phase of globalization. This analysis was crossed by the Covid-19 pandemic, it addresses the elements required in cooperatives to adapt to the demands of technological and digital innovations during times of crisis. The methodology used was quantitative through a questionnaire sent electronically to 801 cooperative managers during the year 2020, and a response was obtained from 72 of them. According to the findings, it can be established that hypothesis H1: 0.70 of the cooperatives invest in technology to improve social performance, is not confirmed; therefore, the alternative hypothesis is the relevant one. In conclusion, cooperatives make technology investment decisions based on their internal operations (loyalty) and not on customer needs. In addition, few entities invested in digital technology during the crisis caused by Covid-19.

This article evidences the design of a tourist route for the central zone of the department of Huila, considering the inventory of tourist resources, the selection of the tourist attractions that make up the route, the service providers, the circuit layout, and the cultural tourist itinerary. The study had a mixed approach, a narrative and non-experimental cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive design, where the beneficiary population are the inhabitants, contributors, territorial and governmental entities. The tourism inventory highlights nature tourism and ecotourism in 65 sites, with 195 608.7 hectares of land dedicated to agriculture as the predominant economic activity for coffee cultivation, cultural and religious tourism. The natural and cultural heritage tourist attractions selected for the route were 34 and 14; the service providers are registered in the Chamber of Commerce and the route’s circuit passes along Trunk 45, starting in the municipality of Gigante and ending in the municipality of Suaza. The itinerary was prepared in accordance with the route of the circuit and concludes with the need to prospect and promote tourism in the area.

Since 2018, the Ministry of the Environment and Sustainable Development, the FAO, and the European Union have been supporting the implementation of eight pilots involving community natural forest management. To this effect, a characterization of the wood value chain of each forest area was performed along with the compilation of their wood harvesting costs, in order to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement, as well as to move towards the formalization of initiatives and their sustainability. This article analyzes the costs and the harvesting and market conditions in four forest areas, and it identifies the main barriers that influence the model’s sustainability. The results indicate that said barriers are specific to each area and, although there are common factors among areas, they should not be generalized for a national model. These findings suggest the need for specific actions in each cluster, which are presented as recommendations.