Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The purpose of this review is to analyze the evolution and trends of publications on employee motivation from 2000 to 2021. To analyze the publications by year, journal, country and author, bibliometrix of the R software was used. To understand the evolution of the topic, the tree of science algorithm is used, with the Tree of Science (TOS) software and the approaches are worked through a cocitation network analysis. Among the main results are the seminal and structural papers in the study of employee motivation, including Maslow's classic Theory of human motivation, Hackman and Oldham's Motivation through the design of work: test of a theory and Ryan and Deci's Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Three emerging approaches were identified: 1. factors affecting employee motivation, 2. new theories of employee motivation, and 3. psychological aspects of workers related to motivation. It is recommended that organizations create employee motivation programs because it contributes to the improvement of individual and organizational performance.

This paper reflects on how to evaluate the sustainability of tourist activities developed in coastal territories of the Colombian Caribbean, doing it through a descriptive methodological scope and a qualitative approach. In this way, the authors combine their expertise on the topic and the analysis of specialized scientific literature, to elaborate a state of the art of the topic and to describe in detail the steps that must be followed in a process of this type. The developed state of the art is organized into four thematic lines related to the characterization of beaches, sustainability of tourist activities, evaluation of the impacts generated in/by them and the existing methodologies for their estimation or measurement. Likewise, the methodological elements proposed for the measurement of sustainability are grouped into two phases: the first, related to adaptation, and the second, concerning the implementation of the system of indicators required to assess sustainability. Finally, the conclusions emphasize at the usefulness and relevance of this work as a preliminary initiative that will contribute to the development of empirical research on the topic and the strengthening of tourism planning processes from the local perspective.

This article shows the fundamental concepts associated with marketing strategies and the marketing mix, which, in addition to boosting business performance, helped gastronomy tourism survive during the COVID-19 pandemic. 19 in Columbia. The sources used range from information available online to testimonials from restaurant managers and/or owners, and from the users of these businesses. For this, a qualitative study was carried out with the participation of twenty people, who underwent an in-depth interview. Knowing the impact of the use of strategies by these two groups allows these policies to be taken into account when planning the activities and the marketing budget, necessary to catapult national gastronomic tourism. These findings are expected to guide businesses to survive in circumstances as severe as the health emergency.

The present study aimed to characterize the innovative behavior of hotels. It was carried out in 70 hotel companies in the city of Santa Marta-Colombia, through a survey of the manager or whoever he delegated. For the operationalization of the variables, two phases were taken into account: the generation and implementation of ideas. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling was used. For the analysis of the information, three types of calculations were used: first, a basic description was made using univariate calculations; second, a cluster analysis (multivariate) was carried out in order to identify related subgroups within the companies studied; third, an inferential analysis was performed using the mean difference between the three clusters. As a finding, three clusters were obtained according to the degree of innovation achieved: high, medium and low. The existence of an acceptable innovative behavior in the hotels of Santa Marta was evidenced. The least development was in the implementation, rather than the generation of ideas. According to the results, it is proposed that future research be oriented to study factors, mechanisms and strategies that facilitate innovative behavior to strengthen business groups with lower performance in this field.

Going through a pandemic and the relevant events of the first quarter of 2022 outline a panorama of challenges for any economic sector. Tourism is one of those lines called to develop adjustment maneuvers, changes and transformations to face the challenges and adapt to market trends. Following the recommendations of Tahar et al. (2021), tourism must recognize the importance of knowing how to define the destination, as well as what the fundamental characteristics to promote will be. With this first postulate, the entire value chain is mobilized under this framework, in addition, a joint identity is created about what experience and how to develop it for tourists, an imaginary destination is built, tourism companies execute it and tourists assimilate such synchrony: this is an ideal scenario that benefits both tourism companies and clients. Complementing this proposition, Porto and Ramos (2022) conceive that, despite the fact that the tourism sector has survived the ravages of the COVID-19 pandemic, at this point it must denote learning; for example, submitting a request to the industry to, under scientific parameters, develop an economic analysis that refines decision-making.

Economic progress and progress in improving the living conditions of societies have been linked to various elements such as the efficient use of the endowments of productive factors, institutional characteristics and the capacities for interaction in the markets, but especially to the use of knowledge and the generation of science as increasingly necessary elements to creatively insert themselves in global value chains. The transfer and social appropriation of knowledge are also key to maintaining a scientific dynamic that drives the implementation of innovations and, in this sense, scientific journals play a very important role as catalysts and disseminators of knowledge that has resulted from research that supports alternatives. solution to social and economic problems that must be solved to reach new stages of development.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the changes in the soil quality associated with the implementation of ecological agriculture (EA) techniques in coffee plantations under different coverings (banana, mandarin, and a mix of citrus fruits) in San José de Pare, Boyacá. To this effect, changes in physicochemical parameters, the abundance of functional groups of microorganisms (phosphate solubilizers, cellulolytic microorganisms, nitrogen fixers), and enzymatic activities (acid and alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, urease, and protease) were determined. The soil samples were collected on a bimonthly basis for a period of ten months in plots cultivated with coffee plantations with three different coverings: banana, mandarin, and a mix of citrus fruits. The results showed modifications in the soil quality indicators as a consequence of the application of EA techniques, finding a significant increase in the content of phosphorus, carbon, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and fungi, and cellulolytic fungi. In contrast, no significant changes were observed for enzymatic activity.

The taper-volume relationship is an essential tool for planning silvicultural management in forests with the final aim of promoting the distribution of products. The objective of this study is the generation of a compatible model that allows an accurate estimation of the taper-volume of Abies religiosa in several regions of Mexico. A data set of 2608 values was considered for the analysis of the information; the model was simultaneously adjusted by seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) for the estimation of compatible parameters. The model generated coefficients of determination with fit levels higher than 97 %, roots mean square less than 0.40, biases lower than 0.11, with certainty to model each forest region, which are complemented with their respective Akaike information criteria (AIC). In most cases, the shape factor of the species went from neiloid to paraboloid. This information will be useful for timber forest inventories.

Spatial point patterns are a novel approach for the analysis of forest functional structure. The spatial distribution of trees in peri-urban forests of Mérida (Venezuela) was evaluated and compared. The null hypothesis of Complete Spatial Randomness (CSR) was proposed, applying spatial exploratory and confirmatory methods without marks, and involving marks for dasometric variables, and multivariate point pattern tests (α= 0.05) to five plots of primary forest and five plots of secondary forest. Both forest types exhibited similar mean density (310 and 339 ind.ha-1). Besides, a CSR process was identified for the trees without considering marks of the height and DBH, and in the remaining volume and species marks, the process was identified as non-random. Likewise, there are no differences between the multivariate spatial processes. It is recommended to extend the work area and to apply it in better differentiated forests.

The Cartagena Botanical Garden tropical dry forest is one of the few protected forest remnants near Cartagena. Its conservation state and the abundance of water sources in the area make it unique among this ecosystem's remnants in the Colombian Caribbean. We evaluated the structure, composition, and the functional and phylogenetic diversity of the plant community by setting up a permanent plot. We recorded 2023 ramets of 62 species. The family with the highest Importance Value Index (IVI) was Moraceae. The total aboveground biomass was 61.8 t.ha-1. Two functional types of plants were found: one adapted to the understory, and the other one adapted to the canopy, and a low phylogenetic grouping. We concluded that the forest is in a late to intermediate secondary succession state. The high availability of water in the area and its isolated location have been determining factors for its vegetation.