Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article delves into fiscal federalism, examining how resources are distributed among the federal, state, and municipal governments. It also analyzes the theoretical foundations of this system, such as equity and efficiency, and explores how they are applied in practice through mechanisms such as the Ramo 33. The challenges faced by fiscal federalism are also addressed, such as double taxation and economic disparities between regions, as well as the need to implement effective fiscal coordination, an essential element to overcome the obstacles inherent in fiscal federalism and guarantee efficient and equitable management of public resources.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, based on a jurisprudential description, the origins and evolution of the concept “conventionality control”. As there are abundant studies on the subject, the development of the work is carried out from the analysis of the most relevant judicial decisions, considering that it is the most appropriate way to approach the concept in question.

Es para nosotros una enorme satisfacción presentar el número 21 de la Revista del Posgrado en Derecho de la UNAM, correspondiente al segundo semestre del año 2024, y que representa el décimo segundo aniversario de la misma. El presente número cuenta con cinco artículos, una remembranza y una reseña.

This study identifies the effect of the public policy implemented in the State of Ecuadorin 2008 in regard to democratization of access to higher education, being understood as a right that reduces the existing gaps between men and women, ethnicities and quintiles; for this purpose, a mixed methodology is used as the starting point and, using a qualitative analysis, a review of the main legal instruments regulating higher education in Ecuador was performed, along with specific articles related to this subject. For quantitativemethodology, the starting points were reports of the National Information System (SNI) inregards to net rate of enrollment in higher education, managed by the National Secretariat of Planning in order to perform a descriptive analysis on its evolution in gender, ethnicity and registration quintiles. Among the main results obtained, it was determined that the gratuity policy did have a positive effect for access to higher education for men, women, African-Ecuadorian and indigenous peoples and, for quintiles 1, 2 and 3 until year 2011, a noticeable increase was seen in nationwide net rate of enrollment with 4.95 percentile points between 2007 and 2011, until the meritocracy policy entered in force in 2012

This article brings light to one of the phases of doctorate-level investigation on the role of the universities in Ecuador for the social innovation process. The objective is to identify investigation projects performed with participation of Ecuadorian universities fromthe approach of social management with several actors involved. A systematic literature-based mapping was used to choose and analyze 33 publications to identify investigation performed with participative methodologies such as co-design, co-production or investigation-action. The databases WoS and Scopus were used, with results showing that there is a limited number of investigation applying co-design, no investigations with co-production, and most of the articles studies report to have used investigation-action. Several projects that imply participation of the community related to the issue were presented in most cases. This mapping presented 12 projects that align with the social innovation process, applying methods and techniques that promote actor participation, which also supports the understanding of how universities may fulfill their substantive function of performing research while responding to contextualized social needs.

Over the last few years, a context of poverty and uncertainty has been looming over thefuture of Brazil, bringing an increase in cost of living and unemployment along with it. In the face of this scenario, it is necessary to look for other opportunities for work and remuneration. As such, entrepreneurship appears as a possibility to generate an incomesource. Entrepreneurs do not always start businesses following conventional management theories, as they are subjects just looking for an opportunity to help them survive. This study looks for a possible characterization of the social innovator in a crossroads through the theories of three authors: Souza Neto, Sarasvathy and Carrieri, who focus on the entrepreneur performing social innovation, generating income for themselves and, most times, solving issues that have not been yet solved by the State in their territory. This study compares the aforementioned theories through an integrational literature review performed in2022, with field observations of the researchers with entrepreneurs in peripheral areas as of 15 years ago. The objective is to characterize the social innovator in a crossroads in an attempt to extend the field of view to the small entrepreneur using gaps in the system, without systematic knowledge of management to perform their entrepreneurial activities.

The organic composition of 65% of urban solid waste of the Metropolitan District of Quito originates from food waste, which has negative environmental effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors related to food waste in homes in the capital and characterize urban solid waste management. The study is quantitative and exploratory. An association analysis was performed for the main categorical variables through calculation of statistical chi squared and an assessment of polychoric relation. A descriptive and multi-scale statistical analyses were performed for focus of the social metabolism to characterize waste management. A noteworthy element was the relation between expenses for purchase of food and non-alcoholic beverages in the last month-household income in the last month (p value < 5%). Between 2012-2021, the most representative median for waste generation corresponded to the Eugenio Espejo administration, with 141470 t/ year, with a metabolic waste rate of 2.45E-05 (t/year). On the other hand, the Tumbaco administration obtained 30217 t/year and 1.22E-05 t/year, respectively.

Social technology is based around three axes: community, environmental protection and economic solidarity. The páramo itself is a vital ecosystem for water regulation as it is the source of water supplies for human consumption and performance of economic activities. This article intends to identify the limitations to apply social technology to the protection of the páramo in the central highlands of Ecuador, where processes of self-management, empowerment, participation, agreement-making, cooperation and pursuit for collective welfare have been observed.The methodology is quantitative within the framework of discourse analysis. The results show that, in order to reach a large agreement for the protection and recovery of the páramo, involving all of the communities settled in the area, it is necessary to overcome limitations mostly related to the lacking attention by the government in regards to basic utilities, management plans for conservation areas and studies for economic alternatives allowing communities to subsistin the lower zones, compromising not to extend their agricultural borders further into the highlands. This information helps strengthen natural resource management from a new perspective.

This article intends to analyze innovative projects that have been successful in the promotion of sustainable development and improvement in quality of life of indigenouscommunities in Mexico. Three projects are considered: eco-touristic park, communalhouse and agro-businesses in the indigenous community of Tlajomulco (Jalisco), to studythe scope and limitations of social innovation in the promotion of sustainable local development. A qualitative methodology was used involving participative investigation-action. The findings show that collaboration is essential to achieve success in such projects,but they do not depend exclusively on the existence of trust and mutual benefit betweenthe parties involved as literature suggests, but also the capacity to transcend individualinterests and work jointly towards attaining collective interests that promote sustainabledevelopment of the community. This finding represents a contribution to specialized literature in the area and calls to reflection and action to promote effective collaborativepractices in the field of sustainable local development.

In retail markets, analysis of perceived value in purchasing processes has been a topic of special interest as it focuses on perception of benefits beyond the product itself. In the face of such interest, an exhaustive bibliographical review was performed regarding its concept and components applied to retail dealers. The methodology is quantitative and cross sectional, with a descriptive and explanative analysis through structural equation models to analyze the effect of dimensions in perceived value in the dependent variable of intent to purchase. Applied surveys on 390 recurring customers of retail dealers in Bogota. The results revealed that: functional value does have a positive effect on intent to purchase; and there is a relation between functional and symbolic value of purchase. The implications of management in the context of marketing are further discussed, focusing on functional value of a purchase. Actions related to quality, communication, employee training and customer service are  ecommended. These findings contribute to the literature on consumer behavior within the context of consumption by comparing functional and symbolic value.