Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Forensic nursing emerged in the United States in the mid-1970s, and around the 1980s, the implementation of forensic medical exams began. In Brazil, it emerged in 2009 and was recognized as a specialization in 2011 through Resolution 389, which was later revoked and replaced by the new Resolution 556 of 2017. Its scope is broad, ranging from prevention to civil and criminal matters.

Urban art, traditionally associated with aesthetic aspects, criminalization, and vandalism, has evolved into a form of democratic and cultural expression. Manifested in murals, graffiti, and other visual forms, this art reflects the creativity that flourishes in urban environments and communities. This article analyzes the transformation of urban art, traditionally framed within criminalization and vandalism, towards recognition as a cultural and democratic manifestation. The methodology used is a bibliographic study with a qualitative approach. The main results indicate a paradigm shift: urban art has moved from being stigmatized to being recognized as a legitimate form of artistic and cultural expression with significant democratic implications. This change is due to a greater understanding of its potential as a tool for empowerment, social critique, and citizen participation. As a main conclusion, it is explained that urban art has evolved from being seen as mere vandalism to being valued as a democratic cultural manifestation. It allows various social groups to express themselves and participate in the construction of urban narratives. This form of artistic expression seeks beauty and social critique, contributing to the aesthetic enrichment of cities. Urban art, rooted in the emotions, thoughts, and experiences of its creators, provides a reflection of cultural and social diversity. Despite the stigmatization and criminalization, its aesthetic influence and capacity to democratize culture make it a relevant cultural phenomenon.

The rights of children and adolescents in Ecuador are supported by various legal and regulatory sources, such as the Constitution, international treaties, the Code of Children and Adolescents, and the LOEI, among others. However, the effective application of these provisions is limited, which does not guarantee the well-being and comprehensive development of this population. This article is the result of the diagnosis of the research project “Quality of the educational process”, carried out by students and teachers of the Basic Education program at the Instituto Superior Espíritu Santos in Guayaquil. Its objective is to characterize the current state of the rights of children and adolescents in Ecuador; revealing a series of challenges and problems that affect them. One of the most violated rights in the country is access to quality and warmth education, due to socioeconomic inequality, the precariousness of educational infrastructure, discrimination and social exclusion, which affects school dropouts and affects their integral development. Furthermore, child labor, violence and child abuse are major concerns that require urgent attention and preventive measures. This study follows a qualitative methodology, it is a descriptive research, based on a bibliographic review and the use of various scientific methods. Concluding that, despite the solid legal basis in Ecuador, full compliance with the rights of children and adolescents, and their comprehensive development are not achieved consistently and efficiently in practice.

The main purpose of this study is to find and disseminate a business option that can benefit and help reduce poverty rates in Guayaquil, in this case we have considered the recipients of the Human Development Bonus (BDH) and who access the Human Development Credit (CDH), with the aim of integrating them into the labor force in Ecuador. In this sense, the lack of knowledge about the sicana or jiron fruit in the Costa-Manabi region has limited its use; therefore, the aim is to promote the sale of this natural product in Guayaquil to improve health and generate income in vulnerable communities. The methodology employed includes descriptive, explanatory, analytical and qualitative research, as well as a market study focused on the production and sale of artisanal ice cream. The proposal consists of the production of handmade jiron ice cream for the beneficiaries of the CDH in Guayaquil.

Within the regulatory frameworks of Ecuador and Argentina, which have been analysed and compared, mediation is presented as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism in which an impartial third party, the mediator, facilitates negotiation between the parties involved in order to reach a consensual agreement. This study focuses on analysing various aspects of mediation in both countries, including the similarities and differences between their legal frameworks, the legal effects of the mediation act, the procedures for accessing mediation, the mediation methods applied, the requirements for the mediator's position and the resources available for mediation. In the comparative analysis, the regulatory frameworks of both territories are examined in detail. This research adopts a deductive approach methodology, which implies a detailed analysis of the relevant legislation for the study.

Auditing is a fundamental tool in the management of entities, ensuring transparency and efficiency through adequate controls. This study analyzes the "Special Audit Review of the Coactiva Courts of the Central Bank of Ecuador" conducted by the Superintendency of Banks during the period 2013-2014. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of internal controls and administrative processes of the coactiva court. The results reveal significant deficiencies, including a lack of coordination between the areas of the Recovery and Liquidation Department, inconsistencies in the records of insolvency and bankruptcy judgments, and informal management of portfolio recovery. These deficiencies represent a high risk for the bank's operations, affecting approximately 70% of the processes reviewed. A set of practical recommendations are proposed, such as the implementation of an information filing and systematization system, the updating of the lawsuit registry and the creation of an annual operational audit plan. These measures are aligned with international best practices and seek to improve efficiency, effectiveness and transparency in the management of public resources.

The article examines the historical, religious and legal context of abortion, highlighting its criminalization in Ecuador and its impact on women's health and rights. Subsequently, it addresses the injustice of criminalization derived from a situation of spontaneous abortion and proposes to evaluate the theoretical elements that should be considered to avoid the issuance of sentences to women who experience this condition. To this end, the methodology employed focused on the analysis of representative cases. The cases analyzed include Sara, Marta, Paola and Maribel, who suffered unjust detentions and cruel treatment in the judicial system due to medical complications or situations of gender violence. The findings reveal a pattern of discrimination and stigmatization against low-income women and marginalized communities and conclude that the criminalization of abortion increases risks to women's health and lives, perpetuating gender-based violence and inequality. This ultimately highlights the urgent need to reform abortion laws and policies in Ecuador to protect human rights and promote gender equality.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of physical environmental enrichment on the agonistic behavior of 30 cats housed in the "Rescue Mission" shelter. In the pre-enrichment period, a significant increase in agonistic behaviors was observed, such as 205 paw swipes and 184 vocalizations. After implementing crates and shelves as enrichment, a gradual reduction of these behaviors was recorded. Comparison of the two types of enrichment revealed that the cats preferred the 282 boxes over the 170 shelves. As for the relationship between enrichment and sex, age and body condition of the cats, statistically significant relationships were found. Taken together, these results point to the significant influence of sex, age, and body condition on cats' environmental enrichment preferences. These findings highlight the importance of environmental enrichment in improving the welfare of cats in shelters and homes, and provide relevant information for decision making in the management of these animals. It is concluded that the implementation of effective environmental enrichment strategies can reduce stress and improve the behavior of cats, promoting a more harmonious coexistence among felines.

A result of the research project was presented: Communication strategy for the improvement of audiovisual content in the Journalism Club of the Espíritu Santo Study Center of Guayaquil. It was developed by students and teachers of the Higher Technology in Communications and Public Relations career of the TES. The study was based on a mixed research method with a non-experimental comparative descriptive approach, which incorporated techniques such as documentary review and bibliographic research. The results allow us to underline the importance of communication for the improvement of audiovisual content in the Journalism Club of the Espíritu Santo Study Center of Guayaquil.

Action research is a historical, intellectual and methodological field that, transferred to scientific administration, allows it to listen to the word of the other, based on an introspective inquiry that highlights the ideological and political commitment of those involved in the process of knowledge construction. the aim is to describe the relevance of action research in the vindication of the sense of the human in scientific administration. This is a documentary research in scientific databases such as EBSCO and ProQuest Central and academic search engines such as Google Academic Search Engine, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, DOAJ and ERIC. The theoretical corpus is deployed on two relevant categories from which it is possible to access a historical understanding of the method. The first level recognizes its validity and importance as a research tradition, while the second emphasizes the preponderance of reflective thinking and the search for subjectivity as necessary inputs to read, perceive, form, know and transform the reality of the people who participate in the research and administrative work.