Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Structural economic reform is needed on an unprecedented scale and at an unprecedented rate to avert the worst impacts of climate change. Drawing on the lessons learned from Roosevelt’s New Deal, the paper analyses the extent to which green deal proposals and recovery plans put forth this century can deliver climate-resilient development according to a green growth (ecomodernisation) perspective. The paper concludes that while some greening of laws and post-crisis stimulus packages has been observed, it cannot be unequivocally concluded that pro-growth green deals can deliver a just net-zero and just transition.

This paper analyzes a stylized model of the global economy in which countries must agree on the carbon budget while the decision on the level of carbon emissions is decentralized, with firms treating their emissions as a production input for which a uniform price is charged. The revenue accumulates in a global fund and is returned to global citizens according to national shares that are announced ex ante. The vector of country shares for thedistribution of the carbon revenue assures that countries agree by unanimity on the carbon budget. The equilibrium exhibits the following desired features: (1) the global emissions level is set by unanimous agreement; (2) the demand to emit carbon is decentralized and, hence, there is no need to determine the distribution of permits; and (3) the equilibrium is Pareto efficient. We explore the implication of the model in an application based on RICE-2010.

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the different impacts of carbon taxation inMexican households at different income levels. First, we estimate a household demandsystem for non-durable goods with special emphasis on energy-related goods. Then, weuse the results to simulate the introduction of a carbon tax. We look at the potential toraise revenue with the aim of implementing different redistributive policies in order toaddress issues of inequality and poverty. Moreover, we evaluate the effects of carbontaxes on demand and emissions reduction.

Presentación

The research was conducted at Hacienda Hungría, Jinotega, Nicaragua, in a group with 18 calves affected with bovine papillomatosis (BPV), a completely randomized design was applied to evaluate two treatments (T1 - copper arete, yatrénic acid and casein, T2 - chlorobutanol, yatrénic acid and casein) in three types of papillomas with three replicates of six animals, under controlled conditions. The number and type of papillomas disappearing per treatment, the hematocrit behavior and the duration of treatment were considered. The data were transformed with natural logarithm and processed with the statistical program InfoStat 1.1, using Anova and Tukey’s separation test; for the hematocrit variable, the T-Student test was used. With copper earring there was a greater decrease in the number of papillomas and time in days; no significant difference was found between treatments. Between initial and final hematocrit there was a significant difference (p<0.05), with copper arete there were lower levels. Both treatments control bovine papillomatosis without considering the type according to its form. The treatment with copper arete cannot exceed six weeks because it causes a deficit in the hematocrit of the treated animals.

This is a systematization of good practices in innovation and entrepreneurship in intercultural community higher education contexts. Its objective is to identify actions of high educational value in the definition of guidelines for an Integral Program of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship. For this purpose, methods and techniques were designed, based on the open innovation model and challenge-based learning. As a result of the implementation of integral actions in the management and application of knowledge, the Open Innovation Season, a holistic methodology that iteratively combines teaching, research, extension, and management, was identified as a good practice. Based on this experience, five components were designed, focusing their attention on managing and promoting the culture of innovation and entrepreneurship with an intercultural gender perspective in the university community, in a multi, inter, and transdisciplinary approach, in terms of its community, territorial and multi-sectorial projection with the transversalization of the values and principles of the University. The program is a complementary and homologated proposal with different instances and the institutional planning framework to effectively contribute to national and regional policies and programs that promote the creative and community economy

With the objective of providing alternatives to sorghum producers on the management of yellow aphid (Melanaphis sacchari, Zehnter), a trial was established from September to December 2018 at San José farm, Nindirí, Masaya, where alternatives of formulated microbial and botanical origin, including synthetics, were evaluated. The products were: M.A® 17.5 SP (Beauveria bassiana + Metarrhizium anisopliae, (Pirex®6% EC) chrysanthemum extracts + potassium soap, (Biocontrol limonene® 90 EC) lemon extracts, (TASK® 25 WG) Thiamethoxam, (TARGET® 24 SC) Sulfoxaflor, compared to the absolute control which consisted of water application. The variables evaluated were: number of M. sacchari (winged adults) per plant, yield in kg/ha per treatment evaluated, partial budget analysis, dominance analysis and marginal rate of return using the CIMMYT methodology. The results obtained show that the Thiametoxan treatment has greater control of winged adults of M. sacchari, the treatment that exerts less damage on Coccinella sp and Chrysoperla sp was B. bassiana + M. anisopliae. Thiamethoxam, Sulfoxaflor and Chrysanthemum + potassium soap have the highest commercial returns and the highest net benefits, while Thiamethoxan is the treatment with the highest marginal rate of return

Nowadays, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are forced to make use of technology to gain a foothold in the market, taking advantage of the different tools that are emerging and that, consequently, allow them to remain competitive. Therefore, a predictive model based on Machine Learning is an essential tool, its use generates information that allows making decisions that will positively affect business processes. In this sense, the main objective of the project is to develop a predictive model based on Machine Learning aimed at sales SMEs in Bluefields city, Autonomous Region of the South Caribbean Coast, Nicaragua, which serves as a tool to maximize the profits of these companies. The development methodology adopted in the construction of the predictive model was the "waterfall model", which is the best suited to the context of the project. This methodology suggests a systematic and sequential approach, disciplined and based on analysis, design, testing and maintenance. As a result, a predictive model was obtained with the necessary requirements to remedy the deficiencies of these companies. The model is composed of two modules, the first one is the SGPN's Companion that guarantees the storage, manipulation and security of the data, the second module is the Business Process Management System (BPMS) or prediction model, which allows to carry out the business process studies.

The study is a theoretical contribution to the educational sciences, with the construction of a permanent dialogue between the university and its environment for an inclusive and transformative articulation. The objective was to identify the main demands of the agricultural and forestry sector in reference to the management of the university extension process. The research was qualitative, with a critical extension approach and methodology based on Grounded Theory. The sampling was theoretical and semi-structured interviews were applied with their respective question guides and documentary analysis matrix. Among the main demands identified, the following stand out: training of change agents at the service of the community, generation of knowledge flows, integral graduates training, university with social commitment, inter-institutional strengthening, integrality in academic processes, and productive systems with an agroecological approach. Therefore, it is important to permanently update the demands of the sector in a systemic manner with participatory processes of self-management and relevance that allow for the continuous improvement of the living conditions of the rural population.

The purpose of this study is to present the experiences on Open Government and Education in Mexico and Spain, countries that have been promoters of ideas to encourage transparency, collaboration, and accountability and have wanted to change the culture of public administration to promote quality education. Open Government has come to generate an innovative impact on the development policies of several countries that have joined the Open Government Partnership, which is immersed in government agendas that seek a change of culture to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The methodology is a qualitative documentary, descriptive level, supported by hermeneutics. A systematic review of scientific articles and reports of international organizations was carried out. Among the main theories, a brief overview of SDGs 4 and 16, culture and educational quality is presented. It is concluded that Mexico and Spain in their Action Plans submitted to the Open Government Partnership have reaped their rewards by using open data and allowing citizens to get involved, also the collaboration between governments and civil society is essential to ensure the mobilization of stakeholders and the implementation of participatory tools, such as social audits, and thus carry out comprehensive educational of transparent projects