Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: prostatitis is the third most important prostate disease, frequent in men under 50 years of age.Objective: to characterize prostatitis clinically and epidemiologically. Methods: a narrative review of the available literature was carried out using synthetic and historical-logical analytical methods by means of articles retrieved from databases such as SciELO - Medline (PubMed) - Medline Plus - Elsevier - Wiley - Scopus - Redalyc. A total of 34 references addressing the main clinical-epidemiological characteristics of the subject in question were selected. Results: it should be studied exhaustively in order to achieve a correct diagnosis and treatment which will contribute to improve the patient's quality of life. Bacterial chronic prostatitis and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome are the most frequent pathologies in men; however, they are the most difficult to treat. It usually appears in young adults or middle-aged men. It is the most frequent urinary tract infection in men between the second and fourth decades of life. It comprises a group of syndromes, diseases and functional disorders affecting the prostate or perineal area with similar symptomatology and with an etiology in some cases unknown.Conclusions: this pathology is the most common parenchymal urinary tract infection in men between the second and fourth decade of life, it represents the most common urological diagnosis in children under 50 years of age and the third most frequent in men over 50 years of age after benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. 

Introduction: prematurity is associated with one third of all infant deaths, and accounts for 45 % of newborns with infantile cerebral palsy and 25 % with cognitive or hearing impairment.Objective: to describe the perception of nursing staff on the care of adolescent pregnant women with preterm delivery.Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study in nursing professionals in charge of the care of adolescent pregnant women with preterm delivery belonging to the Hospital General Ambato- IESS of Ecuador, during 2021. The sample consisted of 15 nursing professionals.Results: 65 % reported anemia as the main complication during pregnancy, 70 % stated that the vaccine they would recommend is diphtheria-tetanus, 80 % mentioned that the most frequent delivery they attended was by caesarean section, 65 % identified low birth weight as the main complication. Eighty percent recommended that prenatal care should be provided to adolescents starting in the first month of pregnancy, 70 % responded that psycho-emotional support is frequently provided to adolescents during labor, and 80 % said that mothers at this age are mostly at physical risk.Conclusions: the nursing staff identified a series of factors that may predispose to the occurrence of preterm labor, complications before and during labor, as well as the need for vaccination in the pregnant woman, prenatal controls and psychoemotional care during labor.

Se evaluaron los cambios espaciales y temporales en la química del agua superficial de un río Mediterráneo, i.e., río Mataquito, Chile central. Los procesos que controlan la dinámica de la química del agua en la cuenca se determinaron evaluando la relación entre los eventos hidrológicos (lluvia, caudal del río, tasas de escorrentía), propiedades fisicoquímicas y la concentración/distribución de iones principales a lo largo del río. Durante el periodo lluvioso, los niveles de iones principales fueron controlados de modo predominante por la meteorización (lluvia). Durante el periodo seco, la intrusión de agua de mar fue el principal factor de control de la química del agua en el área de estudio. Concentraciones inusualmente altas de cloro y sulfato sugirieren fuentes antrópicas de iones que ingresan a la cuenca. Por lo tanto, la contaminación por actividades industriales y agrícolas en la cuenca podría ser cuantitativamente importante y debería considerarse en futuros estudios de esta área.  

El presente estudio contempló el seguimiento dinámico y el estudio de la hidroquímica del agua superficial y del agua subterránea poco profunda en la parte norte del delta del río Amarillo, China. El análisis del agua superficial y el agua subterránea poco profunda reveló que el agua subterránea poco profunda se exhibía en dos formas: tipo de evaporación por precipitación y tipo hidrológico, y este último fue obviamente afectado por el nivel dinámico del agua del río Amarillo. El agua superficial y el agua subterránea poco profunda exhibieron un mayor grado de mineralización. Los cationes de Mg2+, Na+ y K+ y los aniones de Cl- y SO42- fueron los principales componentes iónicos del total de sólidos disueltos. El tipo hidroquímico de agua subterránea poco profunda era Cl-Na·K que era una forma típica de agua de mar o salmuera. El tipo químico del agua del agua superficial cambió a Cl·SO4-Na·K·Ca debido a la contaminación industrial, agrícola y urbana. La calidad general del agua superficial era mala y se encontró que estaban presentes los principales índices de contaminación, excepto el cianuro. Los niveles de DQO y flúor excedieron los valores estándar en el agua superficial. La calidad del agua subterránea fue mala, pues se detectaron la mayoría de los contaminantes, excepto cianuro y fenol volátil. Ocho índices excedieron los niveles estándar de calidad del agua subterránea, incluidos Cl-, Na+, dureza total, DQO, NH4+, Hg, As, NO3-, Cl- y Na+. La contaminación de las aguas superficiales y subterráneas fue causada principalmente por la descarga de aguas residuales de la industria petrolera, química y de salmuera; contaminación de fuentes agrícolas difusas; fugas de fosas sépticas y tuberías de alcantarillado en áreas urbanas y rurales; y agua de lluvia que se mezcla con la lixiviación de las pilas de basura. Para mejorar la calidad del agua es necesario optimar el control y la gestión de las aguas residuales, y reconsiderar el diseño industrial.

El ciclo hidrológico natural se ve muy afectado por el cambio climático. En particular, en algunas zonas montañosas, las precipitaciones pueden variar significativamente en el tiempo y el espacio, por lo que es muy importante identificar los procesos hidrológicos de las cuencas hidrográficas con alta resolución. Para analizar estos problemas, la prueba Mann-Kendall, la prueba T móvil, el estimador de pendiente Sen y la prueba de correlación de rango Spearman se combinan con la función de interpolación espacial ArcGIS. Se analiza y discute la evolución de las características de distribución espacial y temporal de las precipitaciones y la escorrentía en las cuencas montañosas típicas. Los resultados muestran que las precipitaciones disminuyen de sur a norte, de alta altitud a baja altitud. Esta diferencia se produce principalmente en el oeste de la cuenca. Las conclusiones son las siguientes: 1) la serie de precipitaciones y escorrentías cambió repentinamente en 1991; 2) el valor extremo de la tendencia de las precipitaciones se mueve del centro al oeste; 3) para la relación entre la escorrentía de la temporada de inundaciones y la escorrentía anual, la serie muestra una tendencia ascendente significativa (nivel de confianza del 95 %), lo que indica que la distribución desigual de la escorrentía ha aumentado de forma notable desde la década de 1960.

Dos materiales locales fácilmente accesibles, caolín y sedimentos de un embalse, se evaluaron para comparar sus eficiencias como adsorbentes para arsénico. La muestra de caolín estaba compuesta sobre todo de caolinita y cuarzo, mientras que los sedimentos constaban de illita, montmorillonita y cuarzo. Componentes en menores proporciones fueron minerales de hierro, calcio y magnesio. Se realizaron experimentos de adsorción por lotes para medir la influencia del pH, tiempo de contacto, concentración inicial de arsénico y tratamientos químicos, los cuales se llevaron a cabo utilizando reactivo piraña y ácido trimésico para estudiar sus efectos en la capacidad de adsorción. El reactivo piraña parece ser una buena alternativa para mejorar la capacidad de absorción del caolín, mientras que la adsorción inicial usando ácido trimésico tiene solo un ligero efecto positivo en los sedimentos del embalse. Los sedimentos sin tratar mostraron mayores capacidades de adsorción que el caolín natural o tratado. Una gran parte de la adsorción parece deberse a las partículas más finas de los sedimentos, compuestas principalmente de minerales de hierro, en tanto que la materia orgánica casi no contribuye a la adsorción. Se emplearon los modelos de Freundlich y Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich para evaluar la capacidad de adsorción de arsénico de los sedimentos intactos y tratados con ácido trimésico. La máxima capacidad de adsorción observada experimentalmente fue de 137 mg/kg para los sedimentos intactos después de cinco horas de reacción, que es ligeramente inferior a la medida para los tratados con ácido trimésico.

The ecological quality of the water indicates the stability of the ecosystem and guarantees its convenience of use. The objective was to investigate the water quality index (ICA) and the pertinence of use of the hydrographic network of north-central Sinaloa. Forty surface water samples from different water resources (RH) were collected: Drains (n = 26), rivers (n = 8) and bays (n = 6), including flow intakes (fresh water) and mouth (saltwater). The physicochemical parameters, nutrients, metals, and fecal indicators were evaluated and compared with national standards and under a multivariate and correlation analysis. The ICA was determined only in flow water samples. The RH were differentiated by certain physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, and TDS), nutritional (P and NO3) and microbiological (p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed a particular contamination profile at RH: Fecal indicator and nutriments were identifying as a risk factor. The fecal concentration in the water samples (65 %) exposes the health risk (> 200 MPN·100 ml-1), and its values showed correlation with the other quality parameters. The flow of all rivers and most of the drains (64 %) present a "good" ICA, which is in line with its relevance for aquatic life and agricultural activity, but not recreational. While the mouth of the RH is relevant for the recreational and aquaculture use. Our findings evidence a similar anthropogenic management of RH and warn about its potential use. In addition, they remark the importance of restoring the water quality to reduce the environmental and health implications.

The objective of the present work was to apply some procedures to evaluate the quality of data coming from different automatic meteorological stations (EMA) located in three states of the Mexican Republic. Daily meteorological data were obtained from automatic stations: one in the State of Mexico, five in Guanajuato, and one in Sinaloa. The procedures that were used were: for the maximum, average, and minimum temperature and global radiation, the flexible range test or meteorological event was applied; for the temperature and relative humidity variables, the internal consistency test was used; to the variable temperature, the thermal jump and the zeros test were applied; to the relative humidity, the internal consistency, and the persistence test. For the station located in Sinaloa, for the variable daily global radiation, on the flexible range test, it presented 23.25 % of erroneous data. The results of the procedures applied to historical data of the EMAs support determining the reliability of the meteorological information of these for use.

Background. “Camote de cerro” (Dioscorea spp.) is a plant of great importance in West rural areas of Mexico as food source and alternative medicine. Dioscorea is an important crop around the world for its carbohydrate contribution to diets. Yams are polyploid plants, and species with modifications at ploidy level also present changes in leaf size and stomata characteristics. These variations can favor resistance to adverse conditions. Objective. In the present study, evaluation and correlation of ploidy levels, leaf size, stomata characteristics and tuber weight were carried out for Dioscorea remotiflora Kunth and Dioscorea sparsiflora Hemsley in accessions obtained from 11 localities in México. Methodology. Chromosome counting was carried out in root meristems. Measuring and counting stomata were carried out. Productivity rate (PR) was calculated dividing harvested tuber weight over seed tuber weight, for each experimental unit. Leaves width and length were measured. Results. Show that variation is higher among different localities than among specimens from the same locality. Significant differences were observed for, ploidy levels (P), stomata dimensions and number of chloroplasts in stomata. Differences in chloroplast numbers present in occlusive cells were also significant for different species. Implications. Ploidy level showed a relation with chloroplasts numbers in stomata and stomata width. Leaf size presented a relation with stomata dimensions, and leaf width showed a relation with tuber weight. Conclusions. These observations allowed us to determine that there are variation among populations; stomata width and chloroplast number in a population can help to determine ploidy levels, and leaf width is a response variable that allows to predict tuber weight.

Background. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most damaging pests of maize in tropical areas. Objective. To evaluate the damage caused by S. frugiperda and the leaf morphological traits in 15 populations of maize landrace. Methodology. The leaf damage caused by S. frugiperda and four-leaf morphological traits (leaf blade thickness, leaf blade hardness, specific leaf area and trichome density) were evaluated at 20, 30 and 40 days after emergence (DAE) in two seasons, dry (March and April) and rainy (June and July). Spearman correlation between the degree of leaf damage and each leaf morphological trait was also evaluated. Results. Maize populations showed differential response to the damage caused by S. frugiperda among seasons and evaluating date. The leaf morphological traits were different between seasons and among evaluating dates. The trichome density had intermediate negative correlation with the level of leaf damage in rainy season (rs = − 0.32, p < 0.001). Implications. The lower leaf damage may be indicator of resistance against S. frugiperda. Conclusion. The population 2020−M62 had low susceptibility to S. frugiperda, this population may be candidate for maize breeding program.