Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Neus Nogué, Josep Besa, Lluís Payrató & Montserrat Sendra (eds.), Els sistemes de tractament: una visió interlingüística i aplicada, Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 2022, 166 p., ISBN: 978-84-9168-751-1.

La categoria della determinazione (o indeterminazione) è comune a tutte le lingue e in italiano è grammaticalizzata e si presenta sotto forma di articoli. Gli articoli sono da sempre considerati una delle caratteristiche della grammatica italiana che gli studenti di madrelingua russa trovano ostica. Ciò si deve in parte alla presenza di numerose eccezioni alle regole, in parte all’esistenza di una terminologia che, invece di semplificare, complica le cose. L’analisi della produzione scritta di studenti russi di italiano ha dimostrato che circa un terzo degli errori nell’uso degli articoli riguarda la contrapposizione della categoria definito vs indefinito al plurale (ho passato le/delle vacanze bellissime). Una fase di discussione con gli studenti ha portato alla luce il fatto che molto spesso non sono in grado di «sentire» la differenza, soprattutto a livello pragmatico (e quindi implicazionale) tra i due articoli. A questo proposito, una riflessione metalinguistica incentrata sull’applicazione dei concetti chiave della grammatica valenziale può essere un efficace strumento per colmare lo scarto che esiste tra conoscenze teoriche e applicazione pratica.

L’adaptabilitat d’una llengua depèn del multilingüisme intralingüístic dels parlants, que els permet usar la llengua-dialecte adequada a cada situació. Una llengua, per tant, és inevitablement un conjunt de llengües-dialecte. Aquestes mantenen relacions desiguals amb l’espai privilegiat de l’estàndard, que és l’única entitat lingüística construïda. En aquest treball volem reflexionar sobre les tensions entre les llengües-dialecte i la llengua estàndard.

Ressenya sobre el llibre d'Àlex Matas Pons, Els marges dels mapes: una geografia desplaçada, València, Tres i Quatre, 2021, 190 p., ISBN: 978-84-17469-34-4.

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Teresa Julio, Maria Carratalà. Música, escriptura i traducció, Lleida, Punctum, 2021, 244 p., ISBN: 978-84-123303-5-9.

As one of the main groups comprising marine zooplankton, copepods play an important role due to their position in the trophic web. We assessed the copepod biomass in a cyclonic eddy during 2 contrasting seasons in the Bay of La Paz, southern Gulf of California, which is characterized by high biological productivity. Two oceanographic expeditions took place in the winter of 2006 and the summer of 2009; a CTD probe was used to determine the physical structure of the water column, and oblique zooplankton hauls collected zooplankton samples. Satellite data were used to visualize the chlorophyll a (Chla) distribution patterns. The results showed a well-defined cyclonic eddy in both seasons, with a diameter of ~25 km and geostrophic velocities >50 cm·s–1 in its periphery. At the edges of the eddy, Chla was high, reaching ~3 mg·m–3 in winter. The maximum calanoid copepod biomass occurred in winter, reaching 6.6 mg·100 m–3 in the western bay close to the coast; moreover, their distribution corresponded well with the Chla and circulation patterns, forming a belt shape following the periphery of the eddy, with a second peak close to the connection with the gulf. The mean values of copepod biomass exhibited a pattern with alternating calanoids-cyclopoids between winter and summer within the cyclonic eddy, with calanoid biomass higher than cyclopoid biomass in winter, which was the opposite of summer. The results highlight the impacts of the eddy on the planktonic ecosystem through its influence on the hydrographic conditions in the water column. Other factors, such as ecological interactions, population dynamics, and feeding habits, may also play a role. Feeding behavior is affected by the high concentrations of Chla, which represent a source of food for copepods observed around the eddy.

The silky shark, Carcharhinus falciformis, is one of the most important shark species in the small-scale fishery landings on the Pacific coast of Mexico. In the present work, we report the main food components of C. falciformis caught by small-scale fisheries in Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, according to size (neonates and juveniles) and sex (males and females), as well as reporting the niche breadth and trophic level. A total of 165 stomachs of C. falciformis were collected, of which 57 contained food and 108 were empty. A total of 11 prey groups were identified: 4 crustaceans, 3 fish, 2 cephalopods, 1 sea turtle, and 1 bird. According to the prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI), crustaceans accounted for 77.17% of the diet. The crab Portunus xantusii was the most important component of the diet of neonates, juveniles, males, and females. The diets did not show great differences between neonates and juveniles and between males and females (Morisita–Horn index: 0.86 and 0.80, respectively). The silky shark presented a narrow niche breadth in all categories, indicating a specialist-type feeding strategy (Levin’s index <0.60). According to Amundsen’s model, C. falciformis showed preference for P. xantusii. The trophic level determined for C. falciformis indicated that it is a secondary predator.

The objective of this work was to characterize the spatiotemporal variability in satellite-derived chlorophyll concentration (Chlsat), primary productivity (PP), sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface height (SSH) in the Campeche Bank from July 2002 to December 2018. Monthly composites of Chlsat and SST (MODIS-Aqua sensor) and SSH (COPERNICUS) were downloaded. PP compositions were downloaded from the Oregon State University web page. Four transects running perpendicular (T1 to T4) and 1 parallel (T5) to the coast of Campeche were studied. Time series and Hovmöller diagrams were constructed to study the spatial and temporal variations. The Chlsat in T1 to T4 showed a clear separation between an inner zone (0–60 km) and an outer zone (60–200 km). The inner neritic zone showed maximum Chlsat (>2.5 mg·m–3) and PP (>2 g C·m–2·d–1) values in the rainy season and minimum values in the dry season (<2 mg·m–3 and <2 g C·m–2·d–1, respectively) because freshwater input in the inner zone provides nutrients for phytoplankton growth. The outer neritic zone showed the highest Chlsat (>0.6 mg·m–3) and PP (>0.7 g C·m–2·d–1) values during cold fronts and the lowest during the dry season (<0.3 mg·m–3 and <0.4 g C·m–2·d–1) because cold fronts mix the water column and thus carry nutrients into the euphotic zone. SST showed maximum values (>30 ºC) during the rainy season and minimum values (<22 º) during cold fronts; maximum SSH (>0.40 m) occurred during cold fronts, and minimum SSH (<0.25 m) occurred during the dry season. 

A biological basis for survival and development, the diet of fish represents a baseline for research on ecological aspects related to the structure and function of marine communities. This study focused on the feeding habits of the Pacific red snapper, Lutjanus peru, in Santa Rosalía, Baja California Sur (Mexico), during August 2016 through October 2017. A total of 403 specimens were analyzed and categorized by sex, sexual maturity, and season. The size interval ranged from 21 to 60 cm total length, and the weight ranged from 195 to 1,920 g. A total of 29 prey items were identified, including fish (13 items), crustaceans (11 items), mollusks (4 items), and tunicates (1 item). According to the index of relative importance, the main prey were Sardinops sagax (47.65%), Nycthiphanes simplex (38.50%), Harengula thrissina (11.21%), Myctophidae (0.68%), and Benthosema panamense (0.52%). Prey were consumed in different proportions according to sex (F = 2.01, P < 0.049), sexual maturity (F = 4.99, P < 0.001), and season (F = 45.52, P < 0.001). The trophic width was narrow (Bi = 0.16); this was consistent with the Costello graph, which showed the consumption of mainly pelagic-coastal and mesopelagic gregarious prey. The Pacific red snapper in Santa Rosalía functioned as a tertiary consumer. Its opportunistic diet included few highly abundant prey items, and the diet composition differed from that of L. peru in other areas of the Gulf of California and the Pacific coast of Mexico.

Although some studies have identified parasites in green turtles (Chelonia mydas), little is known about the morphology of helminth eggs in the feces of these animals. The aim of this study was to morphologically characterize helminth eggs recovered in coproparasitological exams by sedimentation and to analyze their relationship with helminth species recovered during necropsy of juvenile specimens of C. mydas. Four different egg morphotypes were found, identified, and classified as digenetic trematodes of the families Microscaphidiidae, Cladorchiidae, and Spirorchiidae. There was morphological diversity in the size of the eggs measured directly in adult parasites, with sizes ranging from 19.07 to 99.28 μm in length and from 11.35 to 45.66 μm in width. The observation of eggs on coproparasitological exams is important for studying the ecology of sea turtle parasites, since the life cycle of some species is not yet fully understood.