Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article analyzes two poems and a video-installation that stress the notions of materiality and texture related to contemporary Information and Communication Technology (ICT). These technologies (for example: smartphones, notebooks and the algorithms that compose their programs and applications), mediate the relationship between humans and the world (Rodríguez, 2019). Thus, they determine and mold this relationship in constant feedback with the user, through reception, consumption and data production. Concepts as materiality are complexified, as electronic gadgets merge the image with the object, creating hybrids as the screen-image (Martínez, 2016). Because of this, a reconceptualization is needed in the contemporary context of the digital culture. Thus, questions about the surface arises (Tello, 2018), about the texture of the objects mediated by digital technologies, and about how the human being relates with them via new ways of apprehend the world through the senses. The literary and artistic works to be analyzed on this article are the digital poem Zapato incómodo (Gárate, 2011), the printed poem “ið” (Correa-Díaz, 2016), and the Thomas Hirschhorn’s video-installation Touching Reality (2012).

Los artículos aquí reunidos se componen de cuatro trabajos nacidos en el marco del proyecto de investigación Literatura y cine en la era digital: experimentaciones, expansiones y resistencias latinoamericanas (Fondecyt Nº 1200172), y tres contribuciones de investigadores cercanos al proyecto. Todos ellos se hacen cargo de un fenómeno reciente y singular: la condición algorítmica de nuestra cultura, observada en proyectos y obras artísticos y literarios latinoamericanos.

REVIEW CAPPONI, RICARDO. CAMINOS DE REPARACIÓN. SANTIAGO DE CHILE. EDICIONES UC, 2022, 182 PÁGINAS.

Editorial. Vol. 38, Nº 1, 2023

The aim of this article is to comprehend daily mobility practices in contiguous peri-urban residential areas that have different characteristics in terms of their historical origin, urban design and layout, socioeconomic level, and access to public transportation, using the areas of Lomas Coloradas and Portal de San Pedro in the commune of San Pedro de la Paz. From a quantitative analysis, the level of integration allowed by the urban fabric was analyzed comparatively using the Space Syntax method (Hiller et al., 1987) through the depthMapX software, to then identify the number of facilities and population density based on data from the 2017 census. Finally, mobility was studied by applying semi-structured surveys focused on supply. The results show that the type of urban fabric and its level of local integration lose importance in daily mobility practices when it comes to intercommunal travel. Thus, within the transport offer, just satisfying access to these areas does not ensure the reduction of the urban inequality observed in the daily mobility of people.

Los caminos han comenzado en época reciente a valorarse como un recurso patrimonial que trascienden más allá de considerarse una infraestructura vinculada a la antropización del territorio. Actualmente, son escasas las propuestas metodológicas para su caracterización patrimonial. Por ello, este artículo muestra el diseño y aplicación de una metodología interdisciplinar apoyada en la Etnografía Virtual y basada en un análisis histórico-cartográfico que permite registrar y categorizar tipologías de representación asociadas a la evolución de los caminos. Se toma como caso de estudio la región lacustre de Pátzcuaro, en México. El análisis histórico-cartográfico a través de la etnografía virtual permite identificar tipologías de representación asociadas no solo a la evolución histórica de los caminos, sino que también de su vínculo con la antropización del entorno lacustre. Al llegar al periodo contemporáneo, la cartografía muestra los caminos como una mera infraestructura y visibiliza a los pueblos lacustres como piezas separadas en torno al turismo cultural. Con la aplicación de esta metodología, se confirma que la cartografía es una herramienta estratégica y que su evolución ha permitido establecer que, históricamente, los caminos han sido un eje vertebrador en la ordenación y el desarrollo del este territorio en distintos procesos históricos. Su vigencia es reflejo de que esta región se mantenga vigente, dada su actual transferencia al turismo cultural. Es importante visibilizar que son todas estas poblaciones en su conjunto las que le confieren una identidad cultural a la región lacustre y que los caminos son el medio que ha permitido que este territorio evolucione históricamente de acuerdo con la necesidad de sus poblaciones, situación que justifica su consideración como corredor patrimonial.

In 2018, 50.9% of all Chilean children, measured by the "Nutritional Map" of the Ministry of Education, were categorized as overweight or obese, which is evidence of rising obesity rates in Latin America. Discussions on the subject revolve around the tension between agency-determining factors, such as eating and exercise habits, and structural ones, pointing to the correlations between high levels of obesity and poverty. However, there is also a territorial dimension that stands out, especially in cases with high levels of residential segregation, as is the case in many Latin American cities. Here there are potential clusters of more or less obesogenic food environments, where the socioeconomic level, the nutritional status of the sector, and the food supply of the place are correlated. In this article, the spatial dimensions of childhood obesity are mapped, arguing that the segregation of nutritional status overlaps with the nature of multidimensional inequalities in Chilean cities. The study was done by organizing and combining public databases and spatial analysis techniques to create diagnostic maps. The results show a trend towards higher obesity rates as the socioeconomic level of the neighborhood decreases, while food environments vary according to the availability of different combinations of supply (street markets, quantity and size of supermarkets, traditional channels) for each socioeconomic level, suggesting the presence of different types of food environments. The paper concludes with reflections on how the nutritional context has changed since the Covid-19 pandemic and opens a discussion on the role of urban planning in creating nutritional (in)equity conditions.

62.8% of the Romani population in Spain lives in settlements that are segregated from the urban center or in peripheral neighborhoods, a sign of their historical persecution and discrimination. Anti-Romani sentiment has been territorialized by eliminating autonomy and means of self-production of space, with urban planning and housing policies being a key element in the materialization of their urban segregation, particularly during the Franco regime. Identifying the Romani as a surplus element in urban space led to their expulsion from self-produced housing, relocating them to peripheral social housing neighborhoods. Through the case studies, this article analyzes the Lo Campano and Los Mateos neighborhoods in Cartagena, Spain, the production of socio-spatial injustice against the Romani during Franco's regime, using Nancy Fraser's (1996) definition of social justice, and Giddens' (1994) structuration theory, as an analytical framework. The results indicate that these policies formed the basis of an urban and housing necropolitical exercise against the Romani, identifying them as surplus to the urban space and expelling them from their self-built homes to peripheral social housing.

Using a case study conducted in the Michaihue neighborhood, the result of progressive large-scale and high-rise social housing, the possible impact that architectural typology can have on the declared perception of neighborhood preference and predilection is analyzed, understanding these elements as a positive basis to generate neighborhood social ties. Methodologically, the responses to the dwellings and households’ CENSUS were analyzed and compared, alongside a review of personal networks applied to neighbors who own both housing typologies. The findings show that, given the same urban context and individual attributes, the housing typology marks a difference when expressing a preference for living in their neighborhood and whether or not they would choose to stay in it. However, the evidence does not allow stating whether this would affect the dynamics of neighborhood social ties production. Finally, a "progressive" architectural typology is presented, that allows the owner to participate in its modification-extension, providing better conditions for a positive perception of the neighborhood, which in itself does not necessarily alter the dynamics behind the creation and outline of neighborhood social networks.

Durante los últimos 20 años, el constante aumento en la llegada de migrantes latinoamericanos a Antofagasta ha implicado la ocupación del espacio marginal de la ciudad. Ante ello, observamos los espacios que mayormente ellos habitan y nos cuestionamos cómo han logrado permanecer y habitar en estos espacios marginales. La aproximación metodológica es comparativa y se estructura desde la narrativa de los propios migrantes, analizando las configuraciones urbanas y los procesos de ocupación territorial. Los principales hallazgos indican que el habitar transforma los espacios marginales en lugares migrantes ya que, por un lado, conforman fronteras entre las prácticas divergentes del Estado y del habitar migrante y, por otro lado, definen una condición de porosidad, entendida como un proceso de articulación, recuperación identitaria y demanda por el derecho de habitar la ciudad. Consecuentemente, el habitar en frontera porosa se transforma en una estrategia de resistencia.