Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study aimed to evaluate the factorial structure and analyze the parameter invariance of the items of the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory and the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory in the Brazilian context. The participants were 724 female and 555 male college students. Participants answered the instruments and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Through confirmatory factor analyses, the original structures composed of first-order correlated factors were tested and partially corroborated. In addition, modifications were suggested to improve the psychometric quality of the instruments. Finally, multigroup factor analyses indicated the factorial invariance with regard to the marital status, sexual orientation, college course area and application mode. These results present initial evidence of the validity of the instruments in Brazil and support their use in future gender studies.

In comparison with cisgender individuals, transgender people have high indicators of suicide. The present study aimed to analyze the associated protective and risk factors. Based on a scoping review, data published in the last five years were used in the following databases: Medline, Lilacs, and PubMed. The descriptors used were: transgender persons and suicide. Of the 360 studies found, 22 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results show that suicide among trans population is linked to social stressors and discrimination, prejudice, poor family acceptance and scarce job opportunities as the main explanatory factors. It was observed that depression and substance abuse have a positive correlation with suicidal behavior and suicide. Thus, it is suggested to carry out national and international research, focusing on public policies that provide a better quality of life for trans people.

In Argentina, the universal child allowance (AUH by its spanish acronym) is a social insurance that is granted to people in a situation of social vulnerability for each child under 18 years of age and with disabilities, whose parents are inserted in unregulated jobs. On the other hand, emotional regulation (ER) is related to monitoring, evaluating and modifying emotional reactions to achieve goals, and predicts communication, executive skills and academic performance. The investigations that analyze the impact of social or financial assistance by the state on the cognitive development of children in vulnerable situations are from USA and Europe, and with samples of preschoolers. The objective of the following study was to evaluate the association of this economic aid and social vulnerability with the ER of infants with and without unsatisfied basic needs. The Still-Face paradigm was used to assess ER and a socioeconomic status scale. AUH was found to be related to higher levels of ER, while social vulnerability was associated with lower levels of this skill. Regarding the interaction effect, the group with vulnerability and without AUH showed the lowest levels of ER. This underlines the importance of continuing to study the contributions of this type of public policy during the first years of life.

The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is a scale that assesses, in a global way, the capacity in a person's disposition to be attentive and aware of the experience of the present moment in daily life. The aim of the present research was to study the psychometric properties of the MAAS in Argentine university students. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, instrumental study was designed. The epistemological basis used was classical psychometrics. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 895 Argentine adults from university population. The mean age was 26.32 (SD = 6.946, Min = 18, Max = 48). Fifty-four percent (n = 483) were female and 45.6 % (n = 408) were male. Psychometric analyses reported that the scale has a unidimensional structure with adequate validity and reliability (α = .89). The scale has adequate evidence of construct validity and excellent internal consistency scores, which determine that it is a valid and reliable instrument to assess mindfulness attention in a population of Argentine university students.

Personal growth initiative is a construct that has been investigated in recent years, and has shown a cross-cultural character. Currently, it is linked to other concepts related to counseling and clinical psychology. To carry out studies in Latin American contexts, it is essential that instruments that measure this construct be translated and adapted. The present work describes the translation into Spanish and validation of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II in a sample of 219 university students from the city of Asunción (Paraguay). In addition, data for validity evidence in relation with other variables such as the constructs of hope and satisfaction with life are presented. Confirmatory factor analyses and an exploratory structural equation model demonstrated acceptable fit of a four-factor model with modifications, as suggested by other antecedents. On the other hand, correlations of this construct with hope and satisfaction with life give good validity evidence in relation to other variables. The usefulness of the scale for its use in the clinical setting is discussed. In particular, its usefulness as a predictor of change in psychotherapy is underpinned, since the concept is closely related to motivational factors in the therapeutic process and can be a predictor of relapses in the long term.

The jobs are increasingly demanding, complex and put at risk the health and well-being of people when psychosocial conditions, present in organizational contexts, are inadequate. This study aimed to relate occupational disease based with the psychosocial risks present in a hospital, study possible resources that mitigate these risks and study variables associated with well-being. The method included an observational, analytical, cross-sectional design and a total sample of 480 workers who answered the Suseso/Istas21questionnaire. Linear regression analyzes were performed, initially for the surgery unit, which had presented a case of a pathology under study related to occupational risk, and subsequently for the entire hospital. The results show that quantitative requirements, sense of work and indebtedness are major predictors of the reporting of symptoms in surgery, and that sense of work interacts with quantitative requirements attenuating its effects for the entire hospital. Well-being is associated with mental health and emotional demands. It is concluded that psychosocial risk is associated with illness, but it can be attenuated by resources as the sense of work in a hospital.

Older adults remember emotional stimuli to a greater extent than neutral ones. This would be higher for positive stimuli. Several studies used music to modulate emotional memories in young adults, in the consolidation stage. This was scarcely studied in older adults using negative, positive and neutral stimuli. The aim of this work is to study emotional memory in older adults and the effect of activating and relaxing music on emotional and neutral visual memory. Forty-four older adults were evaluated. They observed negative, positive, and neutral pictures. Then, a relaxing, activating or white noise musical treatment was applied to them, followed by a free recall and recognition task. A week later, the free recall and recognition tasks were repeated. The results indicated better memory free of emotional stimuli, and a greater number of emotional false positives. Relaxing music worsened delayed recognition, and white noise produced better immediate recall of positive pictures. The results indicate that emotional memory is preserved in older adults. Music modulates memories differently in older adults compared to younger adults, as only relaxing music produced the expected effect.

The objective was to analyze the events considered stressful by black elders. Eleven self-declared black elderly people participated (9 women and 2 men), aged between 60 and 83 years. The methodological strategy used was the narrative interview and the analysis was performed according to the qualitative analysis method proposed by Schutze. The events experienced before old age involved conflict and violence in the marital relationship, illness, work, death and mourning, material restrictions, family and racial discrimination. In old age, themes of health and autonomy, descent, affectivity and social support, discrimination and material conditions permeated. It was observed that the experiences that occurred throughout life presented non-normative events marked by the social context of development of the black and female population. Old age events encompassed situations found in other studies with the elderly population in general and events related to racism in force since youth.

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged teachers and educational institutions to continue developing their pedagogical work despite the closure of their facilities, seeking alternatives for it.  This article seeks to understand how a group of Chilean nursery school teachers adapt their professional actions to the demands of the pandemic. This article is part of a broader qualitative study, of a narrative nature, and focuses on the experiences of six professional practicing educators, through semi-structured interviews, which were studied through a thematic analysis. Four main themes were found to constitute challenges for their professional learning: (1) uncertainty and coexistence of roles, (2) the mastery of technologies for remote learning, (3) the relationship with families and (4) pedagogical tensions around virtual teaching in early childhood contexts. These four categories are articulated around the need to train and accompany educators to provide better responses to teaching in contexts of uncertainty, while at the same time the need to recognize the work of early childhood educators for our society emerges.

Different psychological skills are associated with sports performance, but it is not clear how these interact with the psychological distress that athletes may suffer. This study analyzed the relationship between the psychological skills associated with sports performance (Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo, CPRD questionnaire) and the Kessler scale of psychological distress (K-10). The sample consisted of a total of 103 young athletes from Buenos Aires (48.5% men; M = 20.05; SD = 1.41). 22.3 % of the participants suffer from psychological distress. Men presented higher scores in terms of stress control and influence of the evaluation on performance. The subjects who practiced group sports presented higher scores in terms of stress control and team cohesion. A negative relationship was found between psychological distress and stress control and the influence of evaluation on performance. The results show how the athletes’ psychological profiles are related to the experience of distress and contribute to the idea that the development of psychological skills in sport is not only associated with better performance, but also with greater well-being, a key aspect at the time of designing interventions.