Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Academic engagement is a relevant characteristic to predict successful academic trajectories and school performance; however, there is a lack of validated instruments in Peru for its evaluation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale – 9S (UWES-9S) in Peruvian adolescents: internal structure, measurement invariance, association with academic self-efficacy, reliability, and norms. A total of 868 school adolescents (51.728% women; Mage = 14.263; SDage = 1.430) from six schools in the Constitutional Province of Callao (central coast of Peru) were evaluated. In addition to the UWES-9S, the Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale for Academic Situations was used as a measure of self-efficacy. The results show that the UWES-9S is unidimensional and invariant between men and women, although three items were eliminated, resulting in a new version: UWES-6S. Likewise, the association with academic self-efficacy was moderate (r > .50) and norms were obtained for men and women separately. In addition, the reliability indices were satisfactory for both the scores (alpha coefficient and average inter-item correlation) and the construct (omega coefficient > .80). It is concluded that the UWES-6S has adequate psychometric properties for its application in Peruvian adolescents.

El embarazo, si bien es una situación fisiológica, expone a la mujer, al feto y recién nacido, a la probabilidad de enfermar o morir. Este proceso antes de los 20 años, se asocia a un mayor riesgo materno y perinatal, lo cual está dado porque la plenitud de la fertilidad se da entre los 20 y los 34 años, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. En estas edades los ciclos menstruales tienden a ser más estables, los órganos reproductivos se encuentran ampliamente desarrollados y no deben existir comorbilidades asociadas.

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, todas las mujeres tienen derecho a recibir el más alto nivel de cuidados en salud, que incluye el derecho a una atención digna y respetuosa en el embarazo y en el parto, y el derecho a no sufrir violencia ni discriminación. El maltrato, la negligencia o la falta de respeto durante la atención de las gestantes constituirse en una violación de los derechos humanos fundamentales de las mujeres, descritos en las normas y los principios internacionales de derechos humanos1. El Plan Nacional contra la Violencia de Género 2016-2021 aprobado por Decreto Supremo Nº008-2016-MIMP del 25 de julio de 2016, define la violencia obstétrica de la siguiente manera: “Comprende todos los actos de violencia por parte del personal de salud con relación a los procesos reproductivos y que se expresa en un trato deshumanizador, abuso de medicalización y patologización de los procesos naturales, que impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de las mujeres”2. De acuerdo al mencionado Plan, la violencia obstétrica se produce cuando existen actos de violencia durante la atención de las gestantes, producido por el personal de salud, y que impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de las mujeres. Esta atención se expresaría en un trato deshumanizador, abuso de medicalización y patologización de los procesos naturales3. Existe evidencia sobre la frecuencia del trato irrespetuoso y ofensivo a las mujeres durante el parto en centros de salud. No obstante, todavía “no hay consenso internacional sobre cómo definir y medir el maltrato ni la falta de respeto”1. La violencia obstétrica puede ser ejercida por médicas/os, obstetras, enfermeras/os, laboratorista, ecografista y/o cualquier profesional que participe de la atención de la salud sexual y reproductiva4. Para prevenir y erradicar el maltrato y la falta de respeto durante la atención de las gestantes en los servicios de emergencia, de hospitalización, en sala de operaciones, o durante la atención del parto, en los establecimientos de salud, es necesaria la decisión política del estado que apoye una política de prevención del maltrato y la falta de respeto, lo que implica que el sector salud tiene la responsabilidad de hacer un seguimiento permanente sobre la calidad de atención de las gestantes. Desde este punto de vista cada establecimientos de salud debe diseñar proyectos de mejora continua de la calidad de la atención de las gestantes o puérperas, centrándose en una atención respetuosa como componente esencial de la atención de calidad. Los establecimientos de salud desde el primer nivel hasta el tercer nivel, deben promover los derechos de las gestantes de recibir una atención de la salud digna desde el inicio del embarazo, durante el parto y en el post parto. Esto también comprende la atención de aquellas mujeres que tienen el diagnóstico de aborto incompleto, quienes tienen el derecho de recibir la información sobre su estado de salud, los procedimientos a realizar y la información sobre métodos anticonceptivos. Es necesario empezar a registrar estas prácticas de violencia obstétrica, para poder tomar acciones y realizar los estudios de investigación correspondientes,  involucrando a todos los trabajadores de salud, para que tomen conciencia de la importancia que tienen en su rol de prestadores en la prevención de la violencia obstétrica. Con esto se estará contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de vida de las mujeres durante el embarazo, parto y puerperio, y de sus recién nacidos.

Objective: To determine the diagnostic validity of cytology in the detection of neoplastic lesions of the cervix at the National Maternal-Perinatal Institute during 2019. Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study. 161 patients who had cervical cytology and histology examinations of the cervix were studied at the INMP during 2019. The information from the medical records with positive and negative results of neoplastic lesions of the cervix was collected through a data collection form. which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. The SPSS V25.0 program was used for statistical analysis; the Chi-square test was used to calculate the association measures, establishing the level of significance at 5% (p <0.05). Results: cervical cytology obtained a sensitivity of 8.0%, specificity of 64.9%, positive predictive value of 21.2% and negative predictive value of 37.5% compared to histology of the cervix; A statistically significant association was found between cervical cytology and histology of the cervix (p = 0.000). The predominant age group was adult patients with 75.2% of cases, where the average age of positive results was 42.8 (+/- 12.5 years), an association was also found with cervicovaginal cytology, obtaining a value p of 0.016. Conclusions: In our study, although cervical cytology had a low sensitivity and moderate specificity, an association with the histology of the cervix could be found; thus concluding that cytology is a very important tool for the detection of neoplastic lesions of the cervix.

Objective: Determine degree of adherence to the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Attention of Obstetric Emergencies (hypertensive, hemorrhagic and sepsis disorders) in maternal deaths occurred at the Carlos Monge Medrano Hospital (HCMM) of Juliaca in 2020. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study. Medical records of all maternal deaths in HCMM in 2020 were reviewed, using instrument for the evaluation of adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), previously validated, based on an instrument of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, adapting it to CPG recommendations of Ministry of Health of Peru. (Degree of agreement between judges 97.1%). The database was prepared in Excel, processed, and analyzed in SPSS version 27.0. Results: Of the 7 clinical histories of maternal death, it was found in general low and medium adherence to CPG, both with 42.9%; and high adherence only 14.3%. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, approximately 85% had Comprehensive Health Insurance (SIS), the mean age of the deceased mothers was 35 years, and 85.7% came from Puno, majority were cohabiting and had completed secondary school. The most frequent disorders were hypertensive and hemorrhagic, both with 42.9%.

Objective: To describe maternal characteristics and management of therapeutic abortion in women treated in a level III hospital in Peru, during 12 years of experience. Materials and Methods: Observational and retrospective study. All pregnant women who had a therapeutic interruption of pregnancy participated. The medical history of patients treated at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute of Peru, between 2009 and 2020 was reviewed. Results: 385 pregnant women were attended. The mean age was 30.4 years; 45% were nulliparous; and 51% had between 19 and 22 weeks of gestation. The causes were 7.5% due to risk of the life of the pregnant woman and 92.5% due to risk in the physical and mental health of the pregnant woman. 30% presented fetuses with multiple malformations. Uterine curettage was performed in 81%, 15.6% manual vacuum aspiration, six cases of hysterotomy. There were no cases of maternal death and complications were 5.5%. Conclusion: The cases of therapeutic interruption of pregnancy were mainly to avoid risks in the physical and mental health of the pregnant woman. The majority of the pregnant woman had fetuses with congenital malformations. The procedures performed presented a low frequency of maternal complications.   

Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre la anemia y el Estado Nutricional en embarazadas que acuden al Puesto de Salud Pasaje Tinguiña Valle Ica 2018. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal, que evaluó 134 gestantes atendidas de enero a diciembre del año 2018. Se aplicó la ficha de recolección de datos con las variables de interés, los datos obtenidos se ingresaron y procesaron en una matriz de SPSS versión 22. Resultados: Se encontró un 16% de anemia leve en relación con IMC Adecuado. En el primer trimestre de gestación, se encontró anemia leve en un 7% con un IMC adecuado y la media de Hb fue 11,9 gr/dL. En el tercer trimestre la anemia leve represento 8% con IMC adecuado. Al comparar la ganancia del peso durante el embarazo según el peso pre gestacional se observó una tendencia al sobrepeso y obesidad independientemente de la categoría pregestacional. Conclusiones: Encontramos que durante el embarazo la anemia se encontró presente a pesar de tener un IMC adecuado y fue ligeramente mayor en el tercer trimestre.

Appropriate glycemic control during pregnancy prevents maternal-fetal complications. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) devices measure interstitial glucose levels, allowing patients and providers observe glucose values in real time. There are clear benefits of this tool, but lack of clinical experience in Peru. Three pregnant women with gestational diabetes were managed with the help of the CGM, along with nutritional education sessions and medical check-ups with an endocrinologist. All pregnant women had adequate glycemic control with the use of CGM. Two of them required insulin treatment and nutritional counseling, while the other only required nutritional management. The CGM was well received by the patients because it helped in the recognition and counting of carbohydrates, as well as in the adjustment of the treatment.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To determine the association between maternal perinatal factors and early neonatal sepsis in a Chimbote hospital. Methodology: Analytical, cross-sectional, retrospective study and design of cases and controls. Fifty-one newborns with early neonatal sepsis (cases) and 51 healthy newborns (control) were compared, from the neonatology service of La Caleta hospital, period 2016-2020; using bivariate and multivariate statistics (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval, chi square and logistic regression p value). Results: The male sex was found to have an odds ratio: 2.07; 95% CI (0.93 to 4.61); prematurity odds ratio: 3.91, 95% CI (0.76 to 19.98); low birth weight odds ratio: 2.67, 95% CI (0.49 to 14.44); urinary tract infection odds ratio: 6.77, 95% CI (1.41 to 32.36); premature rupture of membranes> 18 hours odds ratio: 1.98, 95% CI (0.61 to 6.37); chorioamnionitis odds ratio: Undefined, 95% CI (Undefined); meconium amniotic fluid odds ratio: 7.37, 95% CI (1.98 to 27.31), acute fetal distress odds ratio: 12.25, 95% CI (1.50 to 99.80); and dystocic delivery odds ratio: 3.50, 95% CI (1.36 to 8.99). Conclusions: Presenting meconium amniotic fluid, acute fetal distress, dystocic delivery and urinary tract infection were risk factors associated with early neonatal sepsis. The evidence analyzed was not sufficient to conclude that the sex of the neonate, low birth weight, prematurity, chorioamnionitis, and prolonged rupture of membranes were risk factors for early neonatal sepsis.