Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article aims to show how the implementation of foreign languages was implemented in the Higher Education Technology Courses at Fatecs and how these disciplines demonstrate the boldness and contextualization of the curriculum of the institution. For the research the methodological procedures adopted were semi-structured qualitative interviews with professors and coordinators involved in the curricular restructuring or even in the languages area, and consultation of bibliographical materials such as Centro Paula Souza normatives, reports, newsletters, thesis, dissertation and academic articles regarding the activities carried out by the language team. Throughout the text, we discuss the development of the Language Project, the creation and current results of the English and Spanish leveling and performance exams, the implementation and scope of the International Collaborative Projects and also the future perspectives for the language area at Fatecs.

In times of crisis, internal marketing helps to establish transparent internal communication focused on the human factor. Therefore, validating the action that employees remain productive and maintain performance at work, having more engagement and motivation. Lately, companies seek a satisfactory mutual exchange relationship. In this way of thinking, marketing tools, especially communication, seek to bring people closer to this reciprocity. Which is used to develop new ideas and collaborate with the alignment of employees in relation to the companies' goals, causes and speeches, which is crucial for the company's growth and success. The present study proposes an understanding of the importance of internal marketing in the corporate environment, demonstrating how marketing began, evaluating aspects such as internal marketing and its application in this environment, being the main objective. This action seeks to improve results by focusing on employees. The methodology used was based on research, analysis of databases available for public consultation on statistics websites and information on the subject. KEY-WORDS: 

This study aims to demonstrate, through quantitative methods, analyzing parameters such as the levels of sodium, potassium, lithium, and magnesium using flame photometry and laboratory-scale fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts, the benefits of using vinasse, a byproduct generated during ethanol production from sugarcane juice (garapa) fermentation. Vinasse is a viscous, strongly odorous byproduct left after the fractional distillation of fermented juice. When applied in agriculture, especially in regions with high production of artisanal cachaça, vinasse presents itself as an advantageous alternative for small-scale farmers. Its high mineral concentration helps correct nutritional deficiencies in the soil, making it an accessible and effective biofertilizer option, particularly for low-income producers. Furthermore, its proper use can generate environmental benefits by transforming a potentially polluting waste into a useful resource. As long as soil characteristics, water source locations, and application volumes are taken into account, vinasse does not present negative impacts, contributing sustainably to agriculture.

Background: In Latin America, there are very few epidemiological data on food allergy and sensitization to milk and egg.Objective: To describe the frequency of sensitization to milk and egg in a population with suspicion of IgE mediated diseases.Material and method: A retrospective and descriptive study was made with patients who consulted to our service of Allergy, with suspicion of exacerbation of possible IgE mediated diseases when eat certain foods. All patients had skin prick test including the suspected foods and milk and egg. Each patient had a complete clinical history.Results: Sensitization to at less one food was present in 29.7% of patients. Egg sensitization occurred in 6.1% of patients and it was associated with asthma, rhinitis and gastrointestinal eosinophilia in children younger than five years. Milk sensitization was present in 4.5% and was not associated with any disease.Conclusions: In Colombia, sensitization to milk and egg is relatively low compared to that reported in other studies with population with high risk of sensitization. Because of the association between sensitization of egg and the risk of having respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal eosinophilia, an egg sensitization could be and early marker of poor prognosis in atopic patients.

This article analyzes the  historical development of the Big North of Chile during the  19 th century and the first third of the 20 th century, with its own various border areas and  frontier boundaries, where certain geosymbols have had a very relevant role demarcating. However, it con siders the urbanization of the frontier as a key process in the social and  cultural reproduction of the nation - state. It emphasizes in that process of urbanization of the  Big North of Chile, the importance of the Atacama Desert and some cities as geosymbol s, it  analyzes the cases of Antofagasta, Iquique and Arica. It also theoretically discusses the difference between the frontier boundary and  border line, it associates the first concept with problematic issues typical of the 19 th and 20 th centuries, where the frontier is a rigid demarcator of the otherness and, the second concept,  it connects it with the globalization phenomenon and the possibility to build in the  developed frontiers strategic alliances and transbordering associative regions  

In this article, the author analyzes an example of credit institutions who have  been founded at 1850s to foment the mining activity in Atacama†Ÿs zone. The firm  “Ossa y Escobar”, was created in 1855 by the rich Copiapó banker Grego rio Ossa  Cerda, and became one of the most important mining ventures of a zone in rapid  growth due to the discovery of rich silver mines in Tres Puntas and Chimbero, in the  1840s, and subsequently, extended to the Bolivian mine camp of Caracoles,  discovere d in 1870. However, the firm did not diversify its activities, and this, plus  the decadence of mining in Atacama, carried the firm to its final liquidation in 1884.  

En este ensayo pretendemos estudiar el delito en función del nivel de desarrollo económico y social alcanzado por Santiago durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Varias son las razones para estudiar tal problema. En primer lugar, porque en Santiago, pese a transitar hacia una mayor modernización urbana, las relaciones sociales aún mantenían un claro rasgo tradicional y en donde era frecuente encontrar personas que exteriorizaban sus estados de ánimo en la vida diaria a través de un cierto comportamiento agresivo; en segundo lugar, porque esta modernización fue un proceso creciente, pero a la vez estuvo también acompañado de una criminalidad que aumentaba de manera proporcional producto de una fuerte marginación social; en tercer lugar, porque el fenómeno, por efecto de la transformación económica de ese momento, no afectó sólo a los hombres sino que también un número importante de mujeres cayó en el delito como forma de salvar sus hogares; en cuarto lugar, porque el sistema penitenciario, ajustándose a los nuevos tiempos, funcionó no tanto para rehabilitar a los individuos sino más bien se preocupó en disciplinar a una potencial mano de obra; y en quinto lugar, porque en el transcurso del siglo XIX este nuevo orden (moderno y liberal) diseñó un sistema coactivo orientado a privilegiar la seguridad y la protección de los bienes y de las personas.

La tortura ha estado presente a largo de los siglos, tanto dentro como fuera de la ley. Durante el siglo XX esta realidad se nos ha presentado particularmente evidente y cruda en el acontecer mundial y nacional. La amplitud de este hecho nos ha llevado a preguntarnos por su ejercicio durante el período colonial en Chile, tema del cual daremos ciertas impresiones respecto de su práctica judicial. Ese tipo de tortura, llamada también cuestión de tormento, se define como «una prueba en el proceso penal, la cual era subsidiaria y reiterable, y estaba destinada a provocar por medios violentos la confesión de culpabilidad de aquel contra quien hubiera ciertos indicios; o dirigida a veces, a obtener la acusación del reo contra sus cómplices, o también a forzar las declaraciones de los testigos».[1] Para tratar lo anterior nos hemos basado en el material encontrado tras la revisión de juicios por homicidio contenidos en el archivo de la Real Audiencia de Santiago. El período estudiado va desde el siglo XVII hasta la primera década del XIX.

Bajo el Antiguo Régimen, existió un sistema de reproducción familiar específico de las ciudades. Esta es la conclusión que se puede sacar de las investigaciones realizadas hasta ahora sobre la transición demográfica en el medio urbano. Comparando Ginebra con Rouen, Alfred Perrenoud logró demostrar que la alta burguesía, tanto suiza como normanda, practicaba el control de la natalidad en 1650 (Perrenoud, 1990), y esto antes incluso que empezara a bajar seriamente la tasa de mortalidad (Bardet, 1990). Tanto en Rouen como en Ginebra, el control de la descendencia se extendió luego rápidamente al conjunto de la población, como lo demuestra la caída regular de la fecundidad. A estos dos principales modelos testigos del comportamiento innovador de algunas familias urbanas de Europa occidental en los siglos XVII y XVIII, cabe agregar el de Reims, ciudad de los Reyes de Francia ubicada en Champagne con 30.000 habitantes, famosa desde luego por sus vinos espumantes después de 1700, pero también por sus tejidos de lana.

«¿Diré que no he sido yo? Diré que soy inocente? Es inútil, ante el inflexible criterio de la ley soy culpable, y nadie me creerá aunque asegure lo contrario; Vuestra Excelencia misma, y con razón, no puede ni debe creerme; solo una persona conoce la verdad, esa persona es Dios».