Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This paper studies the states of emergency declared in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic, a time frime that began with the arrival of this virus to Peru during the government of Martin Vizcarra and continues up to the present. In this way, it is explained that the «normalisation» of the use of states of emergency has remained a recurrent trend in Peruvian politics during the period analysed, and that this practice does not usually meet the international standards required for its establishment, such as the principles of legality, proclamation, notification, exceptionality, necessity and proportionality, temporality, non-discrimination, and compatibility with international law. After analysing each of these principles, the text reveals that during the period studied this figure has been used consistently to prevent the spread of the virus and its variants, to re-establish social coexistence, but also to address situations of social conflict, increased public insecurity, organised crime and to combat terrorist remnants. It is also identified that, in general, this government practice has directly and indirectly limitedthe exercise of different human rights of the inhabitants without any reasonable justification.

This article covers some practical aspects of domestic contractual regulation under Peruvian Civil Code Chapter X. For this purpose, this article deals with some problematic aspects that could arise from the application of each one of the categories under article 2095 of Peruvian Civil Code, such as what is an applicable law, the place of performance of the contract and the place of subscription. In this context, this article covers the scope of what is an applicable law in contracts, some invalid agreement on applicable law, some problems related with the place of performance and the place of subscription of contracts.

This paper discusses the current challenges posed by the recent developments and impacts of neurosciences and neurotechnologies for the protection of human rights, as well as the risks that in particular may affect the freedom, thought and physical integrity of the human person, expanding into a new frontier, an area previously little known to the legal world. To this end, this article first addresses the background and progress in the progressive development of an international regime on Human Rights and Neurosciences / Neurotechnologies, expressed in the adoption of various soft law instruments at the universal and regional levels. Then, it describes some elements of the regional discussion that has been advancing in the construction of inter-American principles on the subject, in the light of the rights established in the American Convention on Human Rights, and finally the text proposes some concluding thoughts, identifying the legal challenges to be addressed by the inter-American system.

El contrato indefinido no fijo es una figura creada por la jurisprudencia en la última década del pasado siglo, posteriormente acogida de forma incompleta, imprecisa y ambigua en la legislación estatal, con la que se pretende cohonestar el derecho a la estabilidad en el empleo que la regulación laboral reconoce a las personas contratadas temporalmente en fraude de ley con el respeto a los principios constitucionales de igualdad, mérito y capacidad que deben presidir el acceso a un empleo en el sector público. El presente estudio tiene por objeto exponer y analizar, desde un planteamiento crítico y propositivo, algunas cuestiones problemáticas de actualidad que inciden en la configuración jurídica del personal laboral indefinido no fijo, al calor de la jurisprudencia más reciente y de las reformas legislativas operadas en nuestro sistema de relaciones laborales por el RD-Ley 32/2021 y previamente por la Ley 20/2021, de medidas urgentes para la reducción de la temporalidad en el empleo público. En particular se reflexionará sobre si la categoría del indefinido no fijo constituye una medida eficaz para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos plasmados en la cláusula 5 del Acuerdo Marco de la CES, la UNICE y el CEEP sobre el Trabajo de Duración Determinada, aprobado por la Directiva 1999/70/CE.   The indefinite non-permanent contract is a figure created by the Spanish jurisprudence in the last decade of the last century, subsequently accepted in an incomplete and ambiguous way in state legislation, with which it is intended to honour the right to job stability that labour regulation recognizes people temporarily hired in fraud of law with respect for the constitutional principles of equality, merit and ability that should preside the obtaining of a job in the public sector. The purpose of this paper is to expose and analyse, from a critical and proactive approach, some current problematic issues that affect the legal configuration of indefinite non-permanent workers, in the frame of the most recent jurisprudence and legislative reforms operated in our labour relations system by Royal Decree-Law No. 32/2021 and previously by Act No. 20/2021, on urgent measures to reduce temporary employment in public administrations. In particular, it will be discussed if the category of indefinite non-permanent contract is an effective measure to achieve the objectives set in 5th clause of the ETUC, UNICE, CEEP Framework Agreement on Fixed-term Work, approved by the Directive 1999/70/EC.

El objeto de este estudio es analizar el tratamiento dado al trabajo ocasional en el Derecho español y realizar una propuesta para mejorar la protección de los trabajadores ocasionales. La justificación e interés del estudio radican en el auge que el trabajo ocasional puede tener como nueva forma atípica de empleo, debido a su utilización dentro de la economía de las plataformas digitales. Igualmente, debe destacarse el cambio de paradigma que este hecho ha supuesto para la protección de los trabajadores ocasionales en la OIT y la Unión Europea. Por todo ello, en primer lugar, se analiza el contexto y caracterización actual del trabajo ocasional. A continuación, se aborda el trabajo ocasional desde la perspectiva de la normativa de la Unión Europea y de la jurisprudencia del TJUE, se observa la regulación y la jurisprudencia existente sobre la materia en España y, tras concluir que esta no se ajusta a la tendencia existente en la Unión Europea, se realiza una propuesta de mejora.   The purpose of this study is to analyse the treatment given to casual work in Spanish law and make a proposal to improve the protection of casual workers. The justification and interest of the study lie in the boom that casual work can have as a new atypical form of employment, due to its use within the digital platform economy. Likewise, the paradigm shift that this fact has meant for the protection of casual workers in the ILO and the European Union should be highlighted. For all these reasons, firstly, the current context and characterization of casual work is analysed. Next, the casual work is approached from the perspective of the European Union regulations and the jurisprudence of the CJEU, the regulation and the existing jurisprudence on the matter in Spain are observed and, after concluding that this does not adjust to the trend in the European Union, a proposal for improvement is made.

El sencillo recurso a la estadística pone de manifiesto con claridad meridiana que el sector de la construcción ha sido durante décadas la principal palanca de la economía y el instrumento básico generador de ocupaciones en nuestro país, si bien el empleo involucrado ha contado con escasas dosis de calidad dada la alta rotación y temporalidad en los reclutamientos. En aras a revertir esta tendencia, la reforma de 2021 apuesta por una nueva fórmula de contratación indefinida adscrita a las obras, asociada a un nuevo modelo urbanístico fundado en la rehabilitación, regeneración y renovación, capaz de generar empleos dignos, a la par que de reducir las emisiones contaminantes desde el punto de vista medioambiental y de aumentar la cohesión social.   The simple use of statistics clearly shows that the construction sector has been for several decades the main driver of the economy and the basic instrument for creating jobs in our country, although the employment involved has been of low quality, due to the high rotation and temporary nature of recruitment. In order to change this tendency, the 2021 reform is aimed at a new type of indefinite-term contracting associated with construction works, based on a new urban planning model grounded on rehabilitation, regeneration and renovation, able to generate decent jobs, while at the same time reducing polluting emissions from an environmental point of view and increasing social cohesion.

La reforma introducida por el RD-Ley 32/2021, de 28 de diciembre, representa un nuevo intento del legislador español de revertir la alta temporalidad en la contratación que caracteriza nuestro mercado de trabajo. Se trata de una reforma aparentemente más ambiciosa que sus precedentes por cuanto introduce medidas de contención de la temporalidad de mayor contundencia a las ya ensayadas en el pasado. El presente estudio discurre por los principales contenidos de la reforma en este concreto ámbito con objeto de valorar su eficacia para la necesaria salvaguarda del principio de estabilidad en el empleo.   The reform introduced by Royal Decree-Law No. 32/2021, of 28 December, represents a new attempt by the Spanish legislator to reverse the high level of temporary employment that characterizes our labour market. This reform is apparently more ambitious than its predecessors in that it introduces more forceful measures to contain temporary employment than those already tried in the past. The present study focuses the main contents of the reform in this specific area in order to assess its effectiveness in safeguarding the principle of employment stability.

Históricamente ha sido la mujer la persona trabajadora que ha padecido en mayor medida el riesgo de ser objeto de un despido injusto o de un trato peyorativo en sus derechos laborales por motivos derivados de su condición biológica de madre potencial o actual, así como de la asunción de las obligaciones de cuidado derivadas de la maternidad. Sin embargo, con la reciente plena equiparación de derechos entre ambos progenitores que supone la sustitución de los permisos de maternidad y paternidad por los de nacimiento y cuidado del menor a raíz del RD-Ley 6/2019, no se puede descartar que esos mismos riesgos se trasladen al futuro padre o progenitor no biológico. De ahí surge la duda del tipo de tutela antidiscriminatoria que se ha de proporcionar a ese otro progenitor.   Historically, women have been the working person who has suffered to a greater extent the risk of being subject to unfair dismissal or pejorative treatment in terms of their labour rights for reasons derived from their biological condition as potential or current mother, as well as from the assumption of the care obligations derived from maternity. However, with the recent full equalization of rights between both parents, which involves the substitution of maternity and paternity leaves by those for birth and care of the child as a result of Royal Decree-Law No. 6/2019, it cannot be ruled out that these same risks will be transferred to the future father or non-biological parent. Hence the question of the type of anti-discriminatory protection that must be provided to that other parent.

El presente artículo analiza la fenomenología material y jurídica del trabajo en remoto en clave comparada. Los ordenamientos dan carta de naturaleza a sus tipologías parciales; sin embargo, es frecuente que dicha ordenación no equilibre adecuadamente los intereses en juego y los bienes jurídicos necesitados de protección. El tratamiento brindado al efecto en Colombia y España permite apreciar esas piezas normativas y las claves de política del derecho intervinientes en su tratamiento regulatorio. La primera parte del artículo examina los aspectos contextuales y los vectores influyentes en dicha ordenación. Y en la segunda se desbrozan cuatro figuras: el trabajo a domicilio, el teletrabajo, el trabajo en casa y el trabajo en remoto. Las cuatro categorías son analizadas en clave comparada, apostillando en cada caso las correspondientes apreciaciones críticas, con aportaciones de lege ferenda y de política legislativa.   This article analyses the material and legal phenomenology of remote work in a comparative perspective. The legal systems give charter to their partial typologies; however, it is frequent that said regulation does not adequately cover the interests at stake and the legal assets in need of protection. The treatment provided for this purpose in Colombia and Spain allows us to appreciate these normative pieces and the key legal policies involved in their regulatory treatment. The first part of the article examines the contextual aspects and the influential vectors in said ordering. And in the second, four figures are broken down: home work, telework, work from home and remote work. The four categories are analysed in a comparative perspective, adding in each case the corresponding critical appraisals, with contributions de lege ferenda and legislative policy.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es la elaboración de un catálogo de buenas prácticas que recoja estrategias y acciones implementadas por empresas y organizaciones sobre cómo afrontar y actuar en diferentes situaciones que discurren en el devenir de la relación laboral de las personas trabajadoras con trastorno del espectro del autismo (TEA). A través del estudio de la normativa de prevención de riesgos laborales, de la experiencia de diversas entidades que aglutinan al colectivo TEA y conociendo las fortalezas y debilidades de esta población, se profundiza en su acercamiento e incorporación al entorno laboral. Destacamos como la adaptación del puesto de trabajo se convierte en una de las herramientas de mayor trascendencia en el proceso de inclusión laboral en la empresa ordinaria. Esta investigación se realizó con la finalidad de elaborar unas bases que sirvan asimismo para futuras propuestas que pretendan abordar el TEA desde la perspectiva de las relaciones laborales.   The aim of this project is to develop a set of good practices that includes strategies and actions implemented by organizations about how to act in different situations which occur during the employment relationship of workers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Through the study of the prevention of occupation risks law, the experience of different entities that work with people from the ASD community and knowing the strengths and weaknesses of this neurodiversity. The ability of the ASD community to adapt to a job position becomes in one of the most important tools in the process of labour inclusion in an ordinary company. This research is carried out in order to elaborate some bases which also fit for future proposals that seek to approach ASD from the perspective of labour relations.