Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Purpose: The analysis of the project “Gender Pay Gap – Elimination” aimed to determine whether it is possible to confirm that the identified pay gap is the reality in Portugal. Therefore, we tried to compare the results obtained in the project with the factors influencing the pay gap identified by Blau Kahn (2017).Methodology: The methodology used for the preparation of this article focused on the literature review, the collection of statistical secondary data, and the confrontation with the article by Blau Kahn (2017).Findings: It was found that the choice of the project to calculate the wage gap between men and women does not allow for a complete picture of this issue, and that the value of the gap should be calculated amongst professionals in the same area who are in similar situations.Research limitations: Regarding the limitations of this article, it fails to apply the formula identified as the most correct to calculate the gender pay gap in equivalent professional situations – which would allow the real value of the pay gap to be understood.Originality: This article stands out in its originality for identifying possible gaps in the project and for proposing a more complete option for calculating the gender pay gap in Portugal.Keywords: Gender pay gap; “Gender Pay Gap – Elimination”; gender issues; Portugal

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the perceptions of the learning organization and its effects on attitudes, in this case affective organizational commitment, on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB) and on service climate, as well as the relationships between these constructs.Methodology: The research was conducted using a sample of 93 individuals, surveyed through a self-administered questionnaire. We used confirmatory factor analysis to assess construct validity. The study of the relationships between the variables was conducted using structural equations systems analysis.Findings: This research found relationships between perceptions of learning organization and affective organizational commitment, service climate as well as with OCB. The analysis showed the existence of a direct positive effect between the perceptions of learning organization and affective organizational commitment, as well as with service climate; the relationship between learning organization and OCB is fully mediated by affective organizational commitment.Research limitations/implications: A convenience sample was used, with a small size and composed mostly of men, which cannot be considered representative. Another limitation is that this is a cross-sectional study, which does not allow the inference of causal relationships between the variables, which are established in accordance with the literature.Originality/Value: Little attention has been paid to the internal effects of learning organization perceptions. Our research focuses on internal factors that, when affected by learning organization, could potentially explain better adaptation to changes and thus induce better performance.Keywords: Learning Organization, Organizational Commitment, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Service Climate.

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this article is to determine the impact of Michelin-starred restaurants in the region of O Salnés (Pontevedra) and in the neighbouring municipality of Poio, which also participates in the tourism dynamics of the region in question.Methodology: We carried out a series of interviews in the 4 Michelin-starred restaurants in the area under study. We also made use of the information contained on the Internet, through interviews, their websites and opinion forums.Findings: Our results show that these restaurants design new experiences, promote local products and the work of the chef, innovate and expand links with producers, develop rural areas, act as motors of local gastronomy and increase media capital.Originality/value: This study highlights the importance of the Salnés region in this area for Galicia. It also shows the novelties they bring to the Galician gastronomic scene. The first star arrived in 1980 and the others since 2000. This has represented a change in many concepts of business model, gastronomic proposal and tourist profile, from which the region has benefited.Keywords: Michelin Stars, Region of O Salnés, Gastronomic Tourism, Restaurants, Michelin Guide.

Purpose: Describe the business impact of the green business model, within the structure of the SME in times of pandemic.Methodology: The methodological process used for the study focuses on a mixed investigation, through an exploratory, descriptive approach, in which a series of data collected by means of a survey-type instrument is analyzed, which allows evaluating the development of the model of business during the sanitary measures generated by COVID 19.Findings: The study carried out by Rodríguez and Arias (2021), in which, using the measurement instrument, it was possible to evaluate the organizational activities distributed in different functional areas. Allowing to assess the degree of social, environmental, and economic impact that these companies have within the market of the Colombian capital within the times lived during the pandemic.Originality: Part of an analysis of ecological businesses, their implementation and dynamics in the market of the Colombian capital. It presents an evaluative study of the data obtained from the business model and its strategies during sanitary measures.Keywords: Green business, ecological entrepreneurship, inclusive sustainability, green bonds, green credits.

Purpose: This study discusses the question of whether the aspect of sustainability plays a role in the consumer’s purchase decision about green purchase and behavior toward green products.Methodology: Mixed methods research (combining elements of quantitative research and qualitative research) were used to answer the research question.Findings: It was found that price awareness and brand awareness of customers have a great influence on their buying behavior for the sustainable product. Price awareness is the strongest element that influences customers' buying behavior. The results of the study show that a person who is aware of environmental concerns and has brand awareness of sustainable products has a higher preference in sustainable buying behavior.Originality: This study indicates how customers will tend to buy green products and the way they are going to make decisions while purchasing a green product that they think is sustainable on purchase decisions and also eco-friendly. Environment friendly products are found to be more reasonable by the customers to respect the environment and the role of sustainability in the purchase decision.This behavior that showed by customers found out that they are more conscious and careful about environment and ecological issues.Keywords: Sustainability, green labels, green marketing.

Purpose: The increase of Tourism in Portugal, as well as the companies related to it, it is necessary to analyze and forecast the flow of tourists so that the management of the business is endowed with a competitive strategy. Given the changes in the 'recent' dynamics of tourism data, this article discusses the contributions and limitations of using classical forecasting methodologies, when applied to this sector, namely to the number of overnight stays in tourist accommodation establishments in Portugal.Methodology: The study focuses on the modeling and forecasting of time series related to the number of monthly overnight stays, in tourist accommodation establishments in Portugal, between January 2002 and March 2022. As a result of some suggestions contained in the scientific literature, it was resorted the Exponential Smoothing (ETS) methodologies. In computational terms, we used the Jupyter computational environment, with the Python programming language (version 3.7.3).Findings: The results were presented and discussed through the analysis of two time series: (1) Total number of overnight stays in tourist accommodation establishments in Portugal – Total series; (2) Number of overnight stays spent by residents in Portugal in tourist accommodation establishments in Portugal – Residents series. Overall, from the analysis of the time series, there was a growth of Tourism in Portugal since 2002, with a visible drop in 2020, due to the pandemic situation. Regarding the ETS methodologies used in the modeling and forecasting, although they corresponded positively in the forecast of the Total series (with some error), the same did not happen in the Residents series. In this series, due to the recent dynamics that are completely atypical, it appears that the ETS methodologies, potentially more adequate, do not converge, in general. However, it is important to mention that it was the overnight stays of residents that, in the pandemic period, dictated the dynamics present in the Total series.Research limitations: The literature points to a good performance of ETS methodologies in time series with characteristics present in the series under study (with the presence of a trend cycle and clear seasonality), a fact that motivated its choice. However, the difficulty of these methodologies in dealing with abrupt breaks in the data history was evident in this study. Despite how adjusted the forecasts are, the highlight is the non-convergence of some models that could be better adjusted to the historical data. In this sense, it is necessary to search for alternative forecasting methodologies, where Machine Learning methodologies, namely Deep Learning (Deep Neural Networks) have been pointed out in the scientific literature as quite promising. This will be the next step of the investigation.Originality: Given the importance that Tourism has both in the economic and social dimension of Portugal, and being a very volatile and constantly changing sector, it is imperative to define a strategy for future action to understand how, internally, the sector can define policies to avoid situations of external dependence. In addition to a current analysis of the data history, resulting from an atypical period of pandemic, we need to critically evaluate the predictive capacity of (classical) econometric models, which can be used by the industry related to tourism. This not only contributes to a better understanding of the phenomenon under study, but also constitutes a tool to support decision-making.Keywords: Tourism, Time Series, Exponential Smoothing Models, Forecasting, Business Management, Strategic Management.

Purpose: This study aims to understand the Latvian electric car owner’s charging behaviour, needs, and preferences in order to develop business recommendations for new players in the market to successfully market their services in this Baltic country.Methodology: There is very little to no research about electric car charging and electric car owner behaviour in Latvia. Hence, due to its exploratory qualities, the qualitative research method was chosen. The data collection method was selected to be semi-structured interviews conducted between 8 and 16 November 2021 with 10 electric car owners in Latvia. Content analysis was applied to extract and organize the interview's main insights.Results: The research gave diverse insights about Latvian electric car owners, their charging behaviour, needs, and preferences:- Most Latvian electric car owners bought an electric car because of the financial aspect, thus, when making such decisions, they do not only look at the short-term benefits but also assess the long-term effects.- Electric car owners in Latvia charge their cars through a home socket, a home wallbox, or fast public chargers.- During the research it was evident that the Latvian market is still relatively uneducated about electric car charging, which was concluded from the still-existent myths and unawareness of the risks involved with charging an EV through a home socket, as well as unawareness of the possibility to install a wallbox near an apartment building.- Electric car owners, who did not have a charging station, said that they either did not have a possibility to install it or did not have a need for such a device. However, most of them were willing to buy a charging station in the future if they moved to a house, drove longer distances daily, or bought an electric car with a bigger battery.- Recommendations play a huge role in the Latvian EV owners’ community.- When it comes to choosing a specific charging station company, pricing is important for Latvian EV owners, as well as the flexibility of the company, customer-centric approach, and all-in-one service.Research limitations: The main limitation is related to the number of interviews that were conducted: 10. Although qualitative research values more depth analysis than quantity, it could still benefit from having more respondents. The search for interviewees, as well as the interviews themselves, were made in English. Some people might have not responded just because they were not confident in their English skills for an interview. For further research, it is suggested to approach people, as well as conduct the research in a language that the respondents are most comfortable with.Originality: The research about electric car charging and electric car owner behaviour in Latvia is nearly none or none. In fact, as far as we know this is the first study intended to characterize the electric car charging market in Latvia so this research provides an important information input to the market in Latvia.Keywords: Electric car charging, Charging station, Latvian market, Marketing Strategy, Electronic

Objectives: The study aims to understand the importance of marketing and territorial management in promoting a territorial brand (city marketing and communication strategies). The study context is the Quadrilátero do Minho (Portugal): Braga, Guimarães, Famalicão and Barcelos.Methodology: The study will be developed through 4 exploratory interviews (semi-structured) to municipal officials and a questionnaire to residents of the cities of the Quadrilátero do Minho.Results: Place marketing and territorial management play an important role in promoting territorial brands (city marketing) and a tourist destination. Place marketing actions influence the behaviour of residents and stakeholders (e.g. investment by companies in the territory).Practical implications: The study presents preliminary insights that can be a tool to help municipal managers and professionals working in the 4 cities of the Quadrilátero do Minho (e.g. consistent and integrated territorial marketing strategy).Contribution: The study presents contributions to theory (i.e. city marketing and territorial management) and to practice (i.e. integrated strategies between cities). However, future studies should deepen the preliminary results. We suggest the development of a conceptual model to be tested empirically (testing causal relationships between variables).Originality: The innovative character of the manuscript in the sense of promoting a greater reflection on the joint territorial marketing strategy (in the context of the Urban Quadrilátero) and strategic partnerships between the agents of the main cities of the Quadrilátero do Minho.Keywords: Territorial marketing, residents, stakeholders, Quadrilátero do Minho

AbstractPurpose: In Portugal, the most accentuated natural risk occurs at the level of fires, mainly rural, making the correct planning of forest areas essential. The present work proposes to focus on a sample of 30 affected municipalities, draw conclusions regarding the performance of the latter in combating, preventing, and recovering territories, through the analysis of municipal budgets and respective expenditures adjacent to the subject under study.Methodology: Data were collected regarding the burned area, demographically characterized, the regions, and the relationship with the rural exodus was observed. For an economic characterization, the birth and mortality levels of the companies were analyzed, as well as the variations in the turnover and gross added value. An analysis was made of the municipal expenses applied in environmental recovery and fire fighting. The latent classes model was applied to ensure intergroup homogeneity and heterogeneity between groups, constituting the profile of the municipalities in 2015 and 2018. Then, through the structural equation model, hypotheses were structured for the year 2015 and 2018, drawing the necessary conclusions from the supported hypotheses. Findings: Overall, it was not observed that the Burnt Area, for the time being, influences municipal policies in their expenditure on environmental recovery. It is, however, observable that municipal revenues and expenses influence the added value of the business fabric.Originality/Value: Withdrawal of conclusions regarding the actions of municipalities in combating, preventing, and recovering territories.Keywords: Continental Portuguese Territory, Fires, Burnt Area, Portuguese Municipalities