Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective. The objective of this research was to determine the most effective minimally invasive treatment for cases of fluorosis in children and adolescents, taking into account the degree of severity through bibliographic review. Materials and Methods. Literature research was performed from January 2017 to October 2021 on minimally invasive treatments for cases of dental fluorosis in children and adolescents in five scientifically recognized databases in the field of health (Pubmed Central, Medline, Scopus, Science Direct and Cochrane Library). Following the PRISMA Methodology, of 900 articles resulting from the initial search, through the analysis of inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality of scientific evidence; 5 scientific articles are included for qualitative evaluation. Results. For the purposes of this review, the five studies selected with a high quality of evidence were clinical trials. The total number of participating girls/boys and adolescents was 287 with an age range of 6 to 17 years. These cases of dental fluorosis were treated with microabrasion, bleaching, application of infiltrating resin (ICON, DMG) and combined therapies. Said techniques present an efficacy that is inversely proportional to the degree of severity of dental fluorosis, being highly effective in masking minor lesions. Conclusion. The resin infiltration technique with double infiltration for 3 minutes and combined with whitening exhibits better aesthetic results and fewer limitations/adverse effects for cases of mild and moderate dental fluorosis (in stages 1 to 4 within the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index) in pediatric and adolescent patients.

The prevalence of early childhood caries has been increasing rapidly globally, however, the highest prevalence is seen in developing countries, significantly influencing individuals, families and societies in a way that is related to with general health, quality of life and is related to other common diseases. childhood diseases, mainly due to risk factors in common with other non-communicable diseases, for example, a high consumption of sugar, and diseases related to other health disorders such as obesity. (World Health Organization, 2021). The level of knowledge and the attitude of paediatricians towards this problem is essential for correct prevention as the first providers of information on the health of infants. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of pediatricians about early childhood caries and oral health of children in the city of Quito. To the extent that there is no list of each of the pediatricians in the city of Quito, they were selected through a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience. The results suggest that about 58.5% of pediatricians recognized the importance of pediatric dentistry. About 72.7% of pediatricians perform oral exams regularly. About 17% of pediatricians are aware of CHD. Only 32.3% of pediatricians recognized the cariogenicity of medicated syrups.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most frequent congenital craniofacial malformation with an incidence in the general population of approximately 1:500; in Mexico is 1:700 live births, these patients have a higher incidence of congenital malformations, which will require more than one reconstructive surgery as treatment, in addition to a multidisciplinary treatment. This article presents the case of a 2 years 11 months old male patient with CLP, in which he underwent a comprehensive operative treatment that included pulpotomies, restorations with steel crowns, fluoride topication, sealants, and the placement of an obturator plate with transversal screw, which is maintained with periodic revisions. The results of the treatment were favorable, since the patient's upper jaw had already been expanded, in addition to receiving multidisciplinary care, which improved the patient's quality of life.  

The success of endodontic treatment will depend on the cleanliness and conformation of the root canal system. In clinical practice, the use of irrigants provides chemical disinfection of root canals and removal of the smear trapped inside the canal thanks to the efficient action of chelating solutions. The purpose of this study was to calculate the efficacy of removing the smear layer in the apical third, with the use of 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid activated with different devices and techniques such as passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and EDDY tips (ED). Forty-five premolar teeth were randomly divided into five groups: 4 experimental groups (n=10) and 1 control group (n=5). In each root, two longitudinal grooves were prepared in the buccal and lingual, which were covered with gold for observation under the scanning electron microscope to thus quantify the open dentinal tubules. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis test and a multiple comparison with U Mann-Whitney were used, which showed that the activation with EDDY has had the lowest scores of the experiment with a difference of 8 points with respect to PUI with EDTA at 17% and a difference with PUI of 13 points with citric acid at 10% in the apical third. However, none of the experimental groups was able to remove the entire dentin smear layer in the apical third, but they did present significant differences with respect to the control group, so the use of chelating solutions and an activation system is recommended to better obtain cleaning index and ensure a successful root canal treatment.

Knowledge of the internal root anatomy and its different configurations is of great importance to guarantee a correct procedure and achieve a successful endodontic treatment. The aim of this study is to document two clinical cases of lower premolars with different anatomical characteristics. In the first case, a type VIII lower first premolar is evident according to the Vertucci classification, with an incidence of 0.5%. While, in the second case, a type IV lower first premolar is observed according to the Vertucci classification, with an incidence of 24%.

This research is a descriptive non-experimental cross-sectional study, whose purpose is to demonstrate compliance with Social Responsibility and occupational risk prevention through the guidelines of the ISO 26000 Guide to identify the implementation standards in Ecuadorian companies. The survey was used as a data collection instrument in the months of March and April 2021, with the participation of 388 professionals and, being a study of qualitative variables, the frequencies and percentages of compliance with the guidelines of numeral 6.4.6.6 Subject 4 on labor practices: occupational health and safety of the ISO 26000 Guide to Social Responsibility were analyzed. The level of compliance with the variables analyzed in document management and universal good practices such as the provision of personal and collective protection equipment and occupational examinations are acceptable. The management in equity and protection of vulnerable people, the generation of new policies that guarantee the non-prosecution of employees for evidencing unsafe actions and conditions in their workplaces, and the lack of commitment in the non-participation and decision making of the joint bodies are less frequently complied with. Weaknesses are observed in the achievement of the guidelines issued by the Social Responsibility Guide in the context of commitment, protection and equity of all stakeholders of the organizations. The commitment to comprehensive management of occupational risks should be reformulated, as it is one of the main aspects of corporate social responsibility.

Foreign direct investment is complementary to Ecuadorian domestic investment, a topic immersed in the agricultural sector that is an element of food sovereignty policies from the republican life of Ecuador, receiving foreign investment for cocoa and banana production. The objective of the research is to analyze the incidence of foreign direct investment in companies in the agricultural sector of the province of Manabí in relation to the main financial variables 2013-2018. The research methodology is quantitative with correlative scope and non-experimental design of longitudinal type, for a sample of 26 companies. The behavior of the foreign direct investment of the agricultural companies was established with descriptive analysis; the financial situation was evaluated by financial indicators; and the correlation between foreign direct investment and sales was determined, profit and investment, using the Pearson coefficient. It was evident that foreign direct investment (FDI) in the companies studied had a growing trend, representing 0.14% in relation to total FDI and the largest amounts come from Peru and Panama. The financial position of companies with FDI, on average, was above the industry average. The correlations between financial variables (sales, profit and investment) and FDI were low positive, with no significant impact.

The purpose of this research was to design a didactic strategy mediated by self-regulated learning for the development of critical thinking skills in the area of ​​artistic education in the discipline of plastic and visual arts. Starting from a mixed approach, it began, from a quantitative study through a non-experimental design, with the identification of students' critical thinking skills and self-regulation skills. Then, the qualitative study was developed, in which, through a phenomenological design, the components of the didactic strategy were determined and the factors of the self-regulation of learning in it were analyzed. To collect quantitative data, a self-administered questionnaire was applied to 27 students, while to obtain qualitative data, a semi-structured interview was carried out with 5 teachers. Then, based on a descriptive analysis, it was evidenced that, although there are critical thinking skills and self-regulation skills in students, these are not developed to a great extent and require strengthening. In addition, it was pointed out that for the development of the didactic strategy the teachers suggest to propose artistic activities that contain motivating elements and self-reflection. Thus, the rescue that was carried out in this research to the virtues of art and how through self-regulation critical thinking skills are developed, which can lead to personal and social transformation of young people has a great importance.

The directive leadership in times of virtuality has constituted an institutional challenge, as well as the professional teaching performance in the pedagogical activities developed in the school training process, predisposed to achieve the fulfillment of their planned objectives and goals, which involves an effective relationship between managers and teachers. In this way, the objective of the study was to establish the presence of directive leadership and teacher performance in the virtual school setting. The methodology of a quantitative, correlational approach with a non-experimental design has been developed in a public school, with the participation of teachers to whom a validated questionnaire was applied. The results showed that managerial leadership in virtuality is at a regular level and in terms of teaching performance, the need to improve the development of professionalism and pedagogical identity was identified. It was concluded on the relevance of implementing and strengthening leadership skills for managers and digital professional skills for teachers in virtual teaching.

Inclusion in the Ecuadorian university is a right that is covered in the standards that regulate Higher Education. Draw from this study it is understood that it should be one of the basic pillars to create a democratic, fair and supportive university with everyone. This article is aimed at analyzing the main opinions presented by the coordinating teachers of the faculties and managers of the University Students Wellness Department, in relation to the process of attention to the student body diversity, considering the policies, practices and inclusive cultures of the Cuenca University. The methodology used is qualitative; it was applied a semi-structured interview, this to allow obtaining information of the faculty organization around the dimensions of the Index for inclusion. For the participants in this study, the authorities, administrators, student wellness' managers and teachers are the main responsible for guaranteeing the right of education for all. Between the main barriers that hinder inclusive education at the university level from the point of view of professionals consulted, it constitutes little information on inclusive processes and practices, ignorance of inclusive policies and, especially, the lack of teacher training in care diversity; situations that block generations of an inclusive superior culture.