Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

this article examines the interpersonal  violence like a daily facet of the  chilean  society of 19th century.  in this century, the  violence was not a penalized conduct and  was a cross-sectional idea to all the groups  and social spaces and were expressed from  the domestic violence to rural banditry  characteristic of 19th century, being used  like as a mean of resolution of conflicts or  strategy to survival and to like a reinfor - cing of the masculinity.  in addition, the  violence was legitimized by the courts,  who emphasized the necessity to punish  conducts considered transgressions, before  to distribute justice.  the violence also was  facilitated by the bad conditions of life of  the  chilean villages of 19th century and  thigh social confliction, exceeding the  effectiveness of the state codes of control of  the violence through its judicial organisms.  

this paper it is centred in the typolo- gical research about minors who had  judiciary problems in a period included  from the years 1929 to 1943 in  temu- co  city and its surrounding.  on the  other hand it is an study which we can  recognize as a process leading to the  criminalization of the lower classes of  our society led by the elites who have  had the support of the judiciary and  criminalist theories in order to get this  end. For this purpose we describe the  socio-economic characteristic of the  teenagers who were processed and at the  end we described the process of punis- hment and re-education this adolescent  were submitted within the state of law.   

Por lo general, la literatura de viajes se tilda como una fuente no del todo confiable en el campo historiográfico por la posible subjetividad y excesiva imaginación que contendrían sus relatos, no teniendo mayor atractivo para el lector que el conjunto de descripciones de lugares geográficos, anécdotas y aspectos de la vida cotidiana de los países visitados por el viajero que ha querido plasmar en un papel. Sin embargo, se ha dejado de lado uno de los verdaderos valores de los relatos de viajes, es decir el testimonio que éstos reflejarían del pensamiento y mentalidad del viajero que los escribe, y por ende de su identidad nacional como miembro de un país y colectividad determinada, por sobre su cualidad informativa y descriptiva...

The affirmation of the Italian historian Alessandro Portelli, is situated with full “epistemological right” in one of the two most powerful historiographical tides of the 19th and 20th centuries. the first of these high tides would reach the German historiographical shores in the second half of the 19th century with the figure of Leopold Von Ranke and historical positivism; characterized by the patient and neat harvest of apparently unpolluted and "objective" facts produced by the enlightened and armed dominant elites; illuminated and possessed of god and blood.

La primera mitad del siglo XX estuvo marcada por dos acontecimientos que cambiaron para siempre la estructura internacional, la cual se destacaba por diversos factores, como la exacerbación de los nacionalismos, la búsqueda del poder económico y territorial, por las ideologías que buscaban imperar de diversos Estados, entre varios otros. Estos procesos históricos son conocidos como las “Guerras Mundiales”, que provocaron tales consecuencias que a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado podemos hablar de una nueva configuración del poder mundial, marcado por la polarización entre la ideología comunista de la Unión Soviética y la capitalista de Estados Unidos, siendo triunfante esta última gracias a la caída del muro de Berlín, en la década de los 90...

The discovery of the illness like social problem wa s part of the "urban ideology"  articulated in lathe of the progress, the order, th e hygiene and the well-being, starting from  the second half of the XIX century. The wrongs bega n to attract the attention of the leaders  and it is there where the hygiene (urban and human) he/she begins to take importance like  preventive intervention instrument and at the same  time disciplinarian, becoming partly of  the progress and the civilization.  The practical hygienist and the imaginary ones in l athe of her, they reduced the  urban problems to the merely sanitary and moral one s until the first decades of the XX  century. That was the case of Mendoza and its "Neig hborhood of the Ruins."  The colonial city transformed into periphery after  the earthquake of 1861, remained  full with brashes until initiate the decade of the  '80. it is the vision hygienist of century  ends, the one that modifies the government's attitu de that began to see the danger that was  to have an area degraded near the New City. In that action line it is Luis Lagomaggiore.  We will attempt in this work to relate government's actions with the images in lathe  of the hygiene. In this case, the hygiene of the "o ther": the inhabitant of the suburbs  represented in the Neighborhood of the Ruins.   

At the end of the Old Regime in the town of Albacet e a social group connected to  the commercial activities consolidated. A  merchant community that was developed in tie to  the agrarian activities. The position of this town  in a crossroad between the capital of Spain  and the Mediterranean periphery favored the economi c growth of these families. The  objective of this essay is to understand its forms  of economic organization and social  2 reproduction. The kinship was a key aspect in the e conomic management of the merchant  businesses, but also in the social joint of these f amilies. The social bonds that united to  these individuals were fundamental in their mobilit y and social reproduction. But also in  the processes of changes and permanence at the end  of the Old Regime.   

This article tries to enter itself in the social fr amework of the population through the  widowhood, not only like a demographic accident, bu t like a life form, an identity, a social  construction. For the social study of the widowhood the crossing of diverse types of  documentary sources will be necessary. In this meth odology the parochial, notarial and cadastral  registries acquire a transcendental importance in t he analysis of the vital cycle of the widowers  and widows. Age, gender, descendants or patrimony w ill be the pillars around which it turns this  proposal of study. One is to catch behaviors and so cial processes of mobility and social  reproduction. Moveove we will try to explain not on ly relationships concerning family, kinship  and dependency, but also solidarity and reciprocity . The married alliance becomes the best  channel of patrimony in which kinship, consanguinit y and affinity are tools of analysis of the  remarriage. For social groups the marriage was a si gnal agent of the property, where patrimony,  marriage and inheritance acted like mechanisms of s ocial mobility and reproduction of the  system constituted in the hierarchial structuring a nd the inequality. Nevertheless other more  underprivileged groups considered the alliance marr ied as a vital strategy of survival.  

In this article, after offering a critical relation of the recent works more remarkable than  have been centered in the oligarchies study and loc al elite of the different Spanish regions  in the Early Modern Age, we tried to show which are the “dangers” to make an historical  analysis in which is confused to the members of the city council oligarchy with the  members of the authentic leader group of a locality , a frequent relative error in the Spanish  modernism.   

This article analyzes the historiographic story abo ut mapuche's lands occupation by the  chilean Estate. The article is about recognize, cla rify and establish the paradigms that  contaminates the transparency and lucidity of chile an historic conscience about mapuche people. Mainly , it requires review deeply the gnos eologic substrate on which is constructed  our current view of an investigation and research t radition which was constructed without  asking about the solidity of its bases, guiding its elf by the ideological lens of a time  characterized by racism and social evolucionism.