Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The article explores the Honduran general elections of November 28, 2021 and its unfolding from the perspective of studies on the quality of democracy. It is considered that the Honduran general elections were extremely important not only to legitimize a new government, but also to recompose the country's democratic order, after having experienced a decade of virtual electoral authoritarianism, as denounced by numerous specialized research institutes.

En este artículo se propone una orientación ontológica de inspiración fregeana para la axiología. A partir de la propuesta de Frege, se introduce la noción de función axiológica y sobre ella se reelabora la noción de valor. Un valor no es cierta propiedad del objeto o una proyección estimativa del sujeto sobre el objeto. El valor es el resultado de la acción de valorar, es decir, el resultado de completar funciones con argumentos, de aplicar una función axiológica a una variable axiológica.

Este artículo estudia el papel que desempeña la Teoría de juegos en la nueva Economía Política institucional. Tras presentar los rasgos principales del modelo de optimización neoclásica y de la Teoría de juegos, se centra en los juegos de coordinación y en los juegos repetidos y muestra cómo estos juegos pueden aplicarse a problemas relevantes de la moderna Economía institucional.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize Spanish cedar (Cedrela odorata L.) fruits and seeds, and to evaluate the effects of provenance, substrata, and fertilizer on germination and plant quality in nursery. Design/Methodology/Approach: The fruits and seeds from Spanish cedars were collected in three different towns: C-32 (Francisco Trujillo Gurria), C-40 (Ernesto Aguirre Colorado), and C-41 (Carlos A. Madrazo). Those towns are in Plan Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico. After they were harvested, the samples were morphometrically characterized. Seed production efficiency (SPE), germination (%), and Dickson Quality Index (DQI) were estimated. Two completely randomized experimental designs with factorial arrangement of treatments were used. The factors were the provenance, four or three substrata, and two levels of Greenfool® 600 fertilizer. Results: Fruits of 3.46 cm in length and 1.81 cm in width were collected; the mean number of seeds per fruit was 49.36. Seed production efficiency ranged from 48.1% to 52.72%, with 32.86% germination. The seeds from Town C-41 obtained the highest germination percentage, with the use of black soil:sand as substrate. The plants fertilized and developed in black soil:sand substrate obtained a higher DQI. Study Limitations/Implications: The activity restriction caused by the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic was the main limitation. The lower number of producers and plantations from Town C-32 was the implication. Findings/Conclusions: Fruit and seed characteristics were different among provenances. The provenance impacted on seed germination, but not on the plant quality index (DQI). Instead, the substrate and fertilizer impacted on the DQI.

Objective: Identify the socioeconomic factors that determine the adoption of mitigation technologies of soil erosion in the Nazas-Aguanaval watershade at Durango State, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: During 2018, 61 semi-structured surveys were applied to farmers in the region. The variables associated with the adoption disposition a binomial Logit regression of maximum likelihood was used. Results: Perception of the soil erosion problem, location of the watershade or agriculture productive unit, and economic activity were the most influential variables in the model. The main variable that conditions the disposition to improve the soil is the perception of soil erosion in the farm, with a marginal effect of 45.03 %. Limitations on study/implications: The results of this survey could be applicable to the study area only. Findings/conclusions: It is necessary to promote and increase the perception, understanding and acceptance of soil erosion mitigation technologies through training.

OBJECTIVE. Morphologicall characterization of main wild chilli peppers found in the Campeche state and Yucatan Peninsula: Maax (Capsicum annuum Var Glabriesculum) and Pico Paloma (Capsicum frutescens) chilli pepper. Methodology. Two seed compounds of wild chilli pepper were evaluated, Maax  and Pico Paloma, product of a preliminary collection in the State of Campeche. Both ecotypes were evaluated ex situ during 2016 and 2017 under greenhouse conditions. The evaluation was carried out jointly with eight other ecotypes under a randomized block design with three replications. The morphological was based on the characteristics considered in the IPGRI Capsicum descriptor. The morphological cuantitative characterization was based on descriptive statistics. Results. The main differentiating characteristics between the Maax and Pico Paloma chilli pepper were: the shape, length and width of the cotyledonous leaf, shape and margin of the leaf, number of flowers per axil, color and spot of the corolla, number of fruit locules and seed surface. Findings / Conclusions. The morphological characterization allowed to establish structural anatomical differences between the Maax pepper and the Pico Paloma pepper; it also contributed to the knowledge of the ex situ plant growth characteristics and the identification of some characteristics that contribute to the explanation of the morphological variation between the evaluated ecotypes.

Objective. To elaborate an inventory of tourism resources identified in the mountain area of Texcoco, which serve as an instrument for planning and organizing the local tourism system. Design/Methodology/Approach. We considered the application of a survey to the auxiliary authorities, as well as to local and external actors that would allow contextualizing the tourism dynamics in the area. The task was supported by field trips applying the ethnographic method. From the collected data, eight localities were selected within the characteristics, a greater number of tourism resources were identified. Results. It was determined that some of the selected localities have sufficient attributes to potentiate some of their resources as a strategy for local development. Limitations/Implications. The restriction to access information in local offices of the municipal government limited the approach to some resources; thus, self-reported data had to be constructed through the perception of some individuals. Conclusions. It is necessary to develop tourism land-planning instruments through mechanisms of management that include training for local actors on various topics for the sustainable use of tourism resources.

Objective: Analyze fisherman-American crocodile relationship in western central Pacific Mexico, with emphasis on the conflict. Design/methodology: Participatory workshops included 22 fishermen from the Cuyutlán and Alcuzahue lagoons in the state of Colima, to explore the positive and negative aspects of the relationship, the perception and knowledge about the ecosystem functions of the crocodile, the management practices and actions associated with these relationships, and to learn about the actors and natural factors that influence them. The information was recorded, followed by a narrative analysis and synthesis. Results: Harmonious relationships are reported, such as creating bonds with crocodiles, and recognizing them as beneficial for fishing and their eco-systemic function. Conflicting relationships identified were related to fishing gear, reduction of fishing resources, and accidents. The strategies used to avoid conflicts are related to danger zones, crocodile behavior, and eliminating them to reduce their presence. They also consider compensatory schemes, co-collective management of fishery resources, and the substitution of fishing for the extractive exploitation of crocodiles. Limitations on study/implications: It´s necessary to know the vision of other actors involved, besides fishermen.  Findings: The relationship between fishermen and crocodiles presents contradictory situations: harmonic where either are benefited, and other conflictive situations, where fishermen suffer economic, operational, and lifestyle impacts, producing scenarios that are not very favorable for the conservation of the reptile.

Objective: To identify optimal sowing ratios, validation of production technology and seed quality in maize hybrids. Design/methodology/approach: Sowing ratios of 4:2 and 6:2 were studied to observe their effect on the genotypes, as well as their quality and response in seed production; this was done by evaluating the following variables: days to male and female flowering, plant and ear height, percentage of ear and seed in cobs, commercial seed yield, thousand seed weight, number of seeds per kilogram, standard germination and hectoliter weight of the seed. An analysis of variance was carried out using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and four replications, the experimental unit being furrows of 20 linear meters. Results: Significant differences were detected in the hybrids with respect to the variables and sowing ratios, which specifically influences the weight, size and number of seeds; the hybrid H-386A had the best response to the environment and ratios, exceeding the rest of the hybrids evaluated by 72.92 %. Limitations on study/implications: The interaction of genotype and environment are factors that limit seed production; however, performing evaluations in different environments allows finding stable hybrids with high yields. Findings/conclusions: The generation of knowledge allows us to make decisions regarding crop establishment and quality in seed production lots, being a recommended environment in CIRPAC’s area of influence

Objective: To identify black bean lines resistant to rust under field conditions, and with yield equal to or greater than that of three varieties for commercial use in Veracruz. Design/methodology/approach: The genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block experimental design with three replications. Its reaction to rust was rated on an incidence scale of 1 to 9 and grain yield was estimated in kilograms per hectare. Analyses of variance were performed and to separate averages, the Least Significant Difference was applied at 0.05. Correlation analyses were also carried out between the rust incidence values ​​and the yield of the genotypes at each evaluation site. Results: Nine lines were resistant to rust with an average incidence of between 1.78 and 3.33, of which Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-4-4 was the most productive with an average yield of 2183.4 kg ha-1, statistically similar. to that obtained by the Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-4-1 and Jamapa Plus/XRAV-187-3-1-2 lines and the Verdín variety, and significantly higher than that of the rest of the genotypes. Limitations on study/implications: Although the rust occurred in the three study locations, its degree of incidence and the stage in which it appeared were different. However, in all cases, the degree of infection was sufficient to evaluate the reaction of the genotypes to this disease. Findings/conclusions: Three lines resistant to rust were identified under field conditions, with an average yield significantly higher than that of the Negro Jamapa and Negro Medellín varieties.