Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Objective: The effects of an online prevention program on technological addictions and cognitive-affective dispositions in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. Methods: Forty-two students participated in the sample, of which 21 formed the experimental group (EG) and the other 21 students the control group (CG). Academic efficacy and academic engagement scales were used, as well as cell phone, internet and video game addiction tests. Results: The application of the program significantly reduced the internet addiction, cell phone and video games and at the same time significantly increased the positive assessment of academic engagement and academic efficacy; comparisons between the study groups (GE versus GC) according to the effect sizes (.30 < d >. 50) evidenced important practical differences in the internet addiction, cell phone and video games, for the three variables the GE showed lower averages than the GC; on the other hand the comparisons between GE and GC resulted with effect size differences between medium (d >.50) and large (d >.80) in academic efficacy and academic engagement respectively, in these two variables the GE showed higher averages. Conclusion: the prevention program has reduced technological addictions, as well as increased cognitive-affective dispositions in students.

The objective of the research study was to evaluate the confirmatory factorial structure and the invariance of the measurement according to gender of the scale of perceived self-efficacy specific to academic situations (EAPESA) in high school students of a private educational institution in Metropolitan Lima. A total of 291 high school students participated in the study, made up of 127 women and 164 men with an age range from 12 to 16 years (M=14.010, SD= 1.317). The research developed an instrumental design. A confirmatory factorial structure composed of a single factor (discarding item nine) with adequate adjustment indices (CFI= 0.99, TLI= 0.99, RMSEA= 0.07 IC 90% [0.05-0.09], SMR= 0.03) was evidenced. Likewise, the invariance of the measurement according to sex in high school students was demonstrated (ΔCFI < 0.01 and ΔRMSEA < 0.015). In addition, the values ​​of the internal consistency coefficients were acceptable (α= 0.907 and ω= 0.908). Consequently, the EAPESA presented adequate psychometric properties for use in the field of educational psychology and in the field of research.

Urban sprawl is a phenomenon of great importance for people who live in large cities and feel the effects of it, which can affect their quality of life. In this regard, the objective of this research is to know the perception of the urban being in relation to the quality of urban life in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico. A qualitative investigation was carried out, of thematic analysis design. 24 residents of the metropolitan area of Monterrey participated. A semi-structured in-depth interview was applied. As results, it was found that the quality of urban life can be understood through external qualities, such as the standard of living appropriate to their needs; and internal, such as urban happiness, urban lifestyles and rethinking the link between society and nature. It is concluded that both the perception of external and internal qualities affect the quality of urban life. Likewise, their knowledge is important for the formulation of psychoeducational interventions that improve the quality of urban life in residents.

There is scholarly consensus that the involvement of fathers in preschool education optimizes child-adolescent development. However, in practice, fathers’ participation is low compared to that of mothers. This article presents the results of a qualitative study aimed to exploring the perceptions of fathers with children who attend private educational centers in Chile about the conditions that encourage or discourage them from participating in their children’s activities at school. Semi structured interviews were held with fathers of children who attend 8 preschools. The article reveals positive attitudes toward participation which are hindered by cultural, structural, and institutional factors. Conditions of possibility become privatized and come to depend on the ability to reach agreements among parental figures. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of the conditions affecting the participation of fathers in early education. The implications of these findings for parental involvement policies and the work of educational institutions are discussed.

The psychometric properties of the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and its ultra-short versions, the GAD-2 and the GAD-Mini, were evaluated in a sample of 407 students from two Peruvian universities (259 females and 148 males). First, a structural analysis was performed using the CFA, showing a good fit with respect to the instrument's unifactorial model χ²(14) = 31.717, CFI = .995, TLI = .992, RMSEA = .056, SRMR = .026. In addition, a measurement invariance analysis was performed, finding a stable unifactorial structure considering sex. Furthermore, evidence of convergent validity was analyzed in the GAD-7 and its ultra-short versions, presenting moderate correlations with instruments such as the PHQ-2 and the AAQ-II. The internal consistency of the instruments was evaluated using the omega coefficient and obtained high values of .89, .80, and .79 in the GAD-7, GAD-2, and GAD-Mini respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the GAD-7 is a unifactorial instrument, invariant according to sex, with adequate internal consistency and convergent validity as well as its ultra-short versions in the sample studied.

This paper is part of a bigger research that aims to understand how professional education delivered through Project-Based Learning (PBL) affects self-authorship development on undergraduate students. This part of the project aims to evaluate self-authorship development of undergraduate students enrolled on PBL during four to five years. The method used was qualitative, transversal, with biographical-narrative approach. In deep interviews were the instrument for data construction. Nine students of different semesters voluntarily participate on the interviews. Data analysis were based on categories validated on previous research, using the software Atlas.ti as a tool. Results found that practical experience during professional education would exert different effects on students depending on their self-authorship position. In addition, found that PBL on its own is not sufficient to generate movement to more sophisticated self-authorship positions, but it can support incipient movement underway.

Objetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivos: 1) apontar como o egocentrismo e o egoísmo constituem uma cultura de fundo que inviabiliza a política democrática e, no limite, corroboram o ódio como forma de fazer política; e 2) indicar a democracia agonística, como proposta por Chantal Mouffe, a partir de um debate com Carl Schmitt, como uma forma de fazer política mais consentânea com o pluralismo e, portanto, com o assentimento da alteridade como constitutiva do próprio fazer político.Metodologia: Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, o artigo apoia-se no método hipotético-dedutivo, mediante a pesquisa bibliográfica em textos que tratam sobre o tema.Resultados:Individualidade e pluralismo são características centrais do mundo moderno. Contudo, a afirmação excessiva da individualidade produziu situações em que se busca suplantar o pluralismo em nome do sectarismo. Uma cultura de fundo de reforço do ego parece descambar em muitos momentos para um forte egocentrismo e um individualismo brutal. No aspecto político, isso institui práticas alérgicas à alteridade que chegam a suplantar o próprio compromisso com a democracia, abrindo espaço para o ódio como forma de fazer política. Em oposição a essa perspectiva, o artigo indica o modelo agonístico de democracia, conforme sustentado por Chantal Mouffe. Em diálogo com Carl Schmitt, Mouffe defende que a política democrática é um campo de inevitável conflito, todavia esse conflito não deve se dar na forma de um antagonismo onde aquele que pensa diferente seja tomado como um inimigo a ser destruído. No lugar do antagonismo, propõe o agonismo, que significa um permanente embate democrático, porém em condições nas quais o outro não seja visto como inimigo, mas sim como adversário.

Objective: This article proposes to investigate the issue of civil liability for damages arising from the processing of personal data, under the terms and limits in which it is regulated by Federal Law No. 13.709, of August 14, 2018, known as the General Law of Personal Data Protection (LGPD). The central question to be answered, as it is not clearly defined by the infra-constitutional legislator, says with the type of civil liability provided for in the LGPD, whether objective or subjective. It is intended to analyze, in addition, whether Hand's rule, formulated by the American magistrate Learned Hand, can be useful to delimit the responsibility for negligence of agents processing personal data.Methodology: The research method used will be qualitative-deductive, with a view to confirming the hypotheses raised for the resolution of the exposed problem. For this purpose, the concepts of objective and subjective civil liability will be established, as well as the central aspects of the special legislation related to that liability, notably with regard to agents for processing personal data, will be analyzed. Since the legislator has not clarified the nature of civil liability regulated by the LGPD, it will be investigated whether the processing of personal data can be included in the list of risky activities, attracting the incidence of art. 927, sole paragraph, of the Brazilian Civil Code.Results: A relationship was found between civil liability provided for in the law protecting personal data and Hand's rule, suggesting that the understanding of the American judge Learned Hand can be useful for the delimitation of civil liability arising from the processing of personal data. It was also evidenced that the processing of personal data is a multiple activity, not always capable of being included in the area of risky activities.Contributions: Use of the Hand rule as a useful criterion to assess the civil liability of personal data processing agents in cases of negligence liability.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to investigate the existence of anti-discrimination duties in the case management involving indigenous peoples, based on the Code of Civil Procedure. Therefore, the hypothesis presented is that, in addition to the substantive law rules, procedural rules must also respect anti-discrimination duties.Methodology: As a methodology, a qualitative approach is adopted, through a review of specialized literature and legislation.Results: It’s concluded that Brazilian civil procedural law, by adopting the case management in cooperation with the parties, also adds anti-discrimination duties to the procedural norms, allowing the adaptation of the process to the specificities of indigenous peoples, expressing the commandment of equality provided for in the Constitution and emphasizing ethnic discrimination as a prohibited criterion of anti-discrimination law.Contributions: The article contributes to the reflection that anti-discrimination duties, in addition to material norms, also reach the procedural norm and that case management (intra-procedural) is an important instrument to guarantee procedural equality for indigenous peoples.

Objective: This paper is dedicated to Artificial Intelligence and it consists in identifying the role and functions performed by Artificial Intelligence by noting the innovations brought by the introduction of this technology. Artificial Intelligence seems to be the most successful achievement of scientists today. As a result of this development and widespread use have arisen discussions on the legal regulation of Artificial Intelligence.Methodology: The main methodological approach applied is the normative approach. The paper will be based on the qualitative method, which consists of collecting and processing data in order to compare and interpret the provisions or policies that provide for artificial intelligence. The following research methods will be applied in this paper: research method, descriptive method, comparative and analytical method, interpretive analysis method and illustrative method.Results:There is still no proper legislative framework on Artificial Intelligence. Despite not having a consolidated legal framework, states have made the first efforts in drafting legal acts and norms governing the field of Artificial Intelligence. From the concrete analysis of existing legislative acts in many countries, we conclude that the intention of the legislator in trying to regulate the field of Artificial Intelligence arises as a result of the disadvantages of using these technologies, their widespread use and ability to influence the way of the development of many processes.Contributions: The article contributes to the theoretical treatment of Artificial Intelligence by arguing on the problems of its legal regulation.