Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Baseball, also called baseball or pelota, is a team sport played between two teams of nine players each. It is considered one of the most popular sports in Australia, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Holland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, South Korea, South Africa, Taiwan, United States, and Venezuela. The countries considered the powers of this sport are concentrated in America (North, Central and Caribbean) and Asia, with the European and African continents lagging behind. The study allowed evaluating the strength resistance of the stabilizing muscles in 11 baseball 5 players of the "Manuel Fajardo" University of Physical Culture and Sport Sciences. A survey of the most frequent injuries in this sport was carried out. The research was carried out with a non-experimental design of minimal control with pretest-posttest for a single group. The methods used were analytical-synthetic, survey and measurement. The Cron's alpha Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to obtain the test-retest reliability of the internal consistency of the EVAL-MEB5 instrument. The instrument was applied to the sample in 2 measurements with time intervals of one week. The main results reveal that the most frequent injuries reported in the diagnosis were: pitcher's elbow, pitcher's shoulder, young baseball player's elbow, meniscus degeneration, tendinitis and bursitis. The instrument showed a test-retest reliability of 91 % and therefore presents a good reliability. The strength endurance capacity of the stabilizing muscles in the Supine Ulnar Bridge, Isometric Squat 900 to the wall and Trunk isometric was found to be deficient.

The vertical jump test is very interesting as a test physical in modern volleyball to assess the power of the legs, since in this way the physical trainer can plan a strength-speed program with the intention of improving their physical performance on the game field. Volleyball is a sport that is characterized by short duration and high intensity game actions, alternated by short periods of rest. This suggests the need to develop great power in volleyball female players, fundamentally in the lower limbs, aspects that were evaluated on ten volleyball athletes in the sub-18 category of the National Volleyball School by indirect methods Lewis and Harman, to whom a cross-sectional study was carried out in the stage of general physical preparation. The objective of this work was to compare the power levels of the lower limbs by both tests in a period of six weeks. As empirical methods, measurement and indirect tests were used to evaluate jumping power. Satisfactory results are obtained in both tests, fundamentally after subjecting the athletes to a system of exercises that show the Harman power values with a higher level of information for the coach, since in this it takes into account the action of the gravitational acceleration that must be overcome in the take-off phase. Based on the results, individual suggestions for the training of these athletes were provided.

This article addresses the establishment of an intervention strategy to improve the physical fitness of Cuban university students, from the training process. It includes actions to maintain a healthy lifestyle based on the self-concept and conscious self -regulation of each individual. The objective was to propose an intervention strategy that contributes to the solution of the existing limitations, both in the methodological order and in the instrumental plane, and promotes the evaluation of the presence of systematic physical activity in the formation of habits and lifestyles health in Cuban university students. Among the theoretical methods used are the historical-logical, the analytical-synthetic and the induction-deduction. Empirical methods such as documentary review, statistics and survey were used. In data collection, measurement and descriptive statistics were used for information processing. The implementation of the strategy used students from the University of Informatics Sciences as a sample. As a result, the design of an intervention strategy that incorporates the systematic practice of physical activity and provides direct benefits in the quality of the university graduate is achieved.

Introduction: The present research originated from the notable increase in injuries in football players in Honduras. Objective: The objective was to know the most frequent injuries and identify their location, classification and risk factors. Material and methods: The study used the indirect or non-interactive qualitative empirical method: consultation of official documents through the search in the database, PMC US National Library of Medicine , the keywords were used: football, most frequent injuries and risk factors, remaining 28 documents directly related to the theme. Results: The main results focus on the review carried out where it was verified that the most frequent lower limb injuries in football are located in: thigh-ankle, groin-hip, quadriceps-hamstrings, internal, cruciate and external ligaments. Regarding the classification, it was found that of the sports prevention group of the Spanish Society of Sports Medicine and that assumed by the Union of European Football Federations (UEFA) Champions League. Among the risk factors identified are: altered biomechanics of movement, body composition, previous injuries, flexibility deficit, insufficient development of endurance to isometric strength of the stabilizing muscles, muscle-tendon imbalance between quadriceps and hamstrings and the upper load volumes and training hours. Conclusion: The present study allowed assessing the most frequent injuries of the in lower limbs in football.

The teaching-learning process requires didactic strategies that contribute to the acquisition of specific motor habits in an effective way; the game method can contribute considerably to this purpose. In this sense, the objective of the research is to improve the teaching process of pass-reception in basketball through a methodological strategy, using the game method. Two independent groups were formed with 20 male basketball players, each one from the Millennium Educational Unit Nela Martínez Espinosa; a traditional training was implemented to the Control Group and a methodological strategy with six games to the Experimental Group during one semester and the teaching process of the pass-reception was prioritized. The Control Group did not significantly improve the pass-reception technique (p=0.180), unlike the Experimental Group (p=0.000), while, when comparing the results in the post-test between independent groups, the Experimental Group presented a better average range (24.50) than the Control Group (16.50), with a significant difference in its favor (p=0.030). For the present research, a significant improvement in the pass reception technique is achieved in the basketball players of the Experimental Group. It is deduced that the use of a methodological strategy that prioritizes the game method, contributes significantly to the teaching-learning process in the acquisition of specific motor habits of basketball as part of the sports initiation stage.

The problem of the study lies in the fact that the treatments for children with scoliosis in Chile lack integration from physical exercise. The objective was to analyze physical exercise for the treatment of children with idiopathic scoliosis. The various forms of physical treatment in idiopathic scoliosis were studied through the review of official documents (patient medical records, exercise programs and intervention methods). The research was carried out at the Cuban Center for Physical Rehabilitation in Temuco, Chile. The indirect or non-interactive empirical method was applied: analysis of official documents, analysis-synthesis and modeling, which allowed the theoretical systematization of physical exercise in treatment. As a fundamental result, the program for the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis is designed through corrective physical exercises in a period of 18 months.

Introduction: Goal setting is a fundamental process in sports training and can be used as a motivational technique in sports to manage the resources of the athlete and the team in order to enhance cohesion and achieve their aspirations. Objective: To analyze the relevance of the application of a psychological intervention program based on the establishment of goals as a motivational technique in the women's team category 13-14 years of Water Polo of the School of Sports Initiation School Eide " Marcelo Salado", of Villa Clare, Cuba. Materials and methods: The methodology used includes various research methods and techniques of a quantitative and qualitative nature. Analysis-synthesis, observation, interview, goal setting questionnaire, sentence completion technique, management style questionnaire, triangulation and pre-experiment were used. Descriptive measures of position such as the mean and mode were calculated. The Wilcoxon signed ranks nonparametric hypothesis test was used to test whether the changes before and after the intervention were significant. Results: The measurable data were statistically processed using the SPSS software for Windows version 17.0. The results demonstrate the influence of the intervention program applied to improve the team's goal setting.Conclusions: They value the contribution of the application of the psychological intervention program, in the establishment of goals in a more objective, clear and understandable way in the athletes and in the development of the motivational sphere when using the potentialities of the work of the sports team as a group.

Introduction: in the training process of student- athletes, conceived as subjects endowed with high capacities, the harmonization of teaching with the practice of high competition sports represents a challenge for educational institutions. So, the introduction of innovative resources that contribute to the correct development of this assignment constitutes a claim.Objective: to design a series of psychopedagogical guidance actions for the comprehensive training of Taekwondo student-athletes of the "Ormani Arenado” Sport Initiation School (Eide in Spanish), so that they can harmonize sports practice with teaching activity.Materials and methods: the methodology followed is based on a qualitative research perspective, where the descriptive and exploratory methods were fundamental in the diagnosis of the current conditions of the psychopedagogical guidance process. The analysis of documents, semi-structured interviews and the survey were th fundamental methods used to collect relevant information for the design of the proposed activities.Results: the study derives the need to implement actions that improve the process of psychopedagogical guidance to student-athletes, so that they contribute to the optimal harmonization between sports and academic activity.Conclusions: the main contribution of the proposed strategy is the recognition of the need to achieve coordinated work between teachers, coaches, psychologists, educational psychologists and the rest of those involved in the comprehensive training of student -athletes, in a process where the latter necessarily have to assume an active role. 

The pandemic has generated much damage in all areas, especially in sports, so strategies are needed to allow its continuity. The objective of this research is to reflect and propose strategies for teaching the crawl style, in the context of the pandemic for the return to training avoiding contagion. This study is of a theoretical nature through the review of scientific documents from the Google Scholar database, among books, theses and articles, which were selected in two dimensions: swimming for teaching the crawl style and safety interpretations during practice in the pandemic setting. A proposal for teaching the crawl style could be established for sports continuity during the pandemic, structured in two strategies, the first called safe teaching and the second safe training. This will allow to contribute directly, as a practical document useful to coaches for the safe teaching of swimming not only in crawl but in different styles.

This paper proposes a simple mathematical model that represents the dynamics of youth play for adolescents from 11 to 18 years. This model is defined by a system of 3 differential equations, which are based on continuous processes. The specification of the classes of our model is based on the group classification of the state of gravity of the problem given in [10]. Then we proceed to find the equilibrium points of the system and its analysis. For our numerical simulation we estimate all the parameters of the model using the research work [6] and we apply the Runge kutta algorithm of order 4. As a result and conclusion it is determined that the problem with the game is endemic among young people. In addition, the prevalence of problems with the game is lower in students aged 15 to 18 than in students aged 11 to 14.