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Arundo mediterranea Danin (Poaceae) in the Iberian Peninsula Palabras clave. Poaceae, Arundo mediterranea, flora vascular, Península Ibérica. Key words. Poaceae, Arundo mediterranea, vascular flora, Iberian Peninsula.

Transcripción de un discurso en un acto conmemorativo de los 250 años de la primera Facultad de Veterinaria en Lyon, Francia.

The aim of this study was to describe the causes of mortality in horses in 2010 at the National Race Track «La Rinconada», Caracas, Venezuela. A total of 135 horses of a total population of 1900 at the Hippodrome «La Rinconada» were studied, that were euthanized or died during 2010. All of them were necropsied and samples of several tissues were taken in all cases, part was fixed in 10% formalin for histological study logical, and part were placed in modified Stuart transport medium for bacterial studies. The results showed a mortality of 7% (135/1900), about 11 equine deaths per month. Acute abdominal crisis mortality accounted for 43% (58/135) of all deaths; musculoskeletal injuries were a 40% (54/135); pulmonary hemorrhage induced  by exercise occurred in 8% (11/135); type I hypersensitivity responses, were observed in 4% (5/135). These results allow  us to conclude that the cause of increased mortality during 2010 in the Race track «La Rinconada» corresponded to the acute abdominal crisis followed by musculoskeletal injuries, pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise, bacterial infections and type I hypersensitivity reactions.

A cardiomyopathy associated with a woolly hair coat (CWH) in calves of the Polled Hereford breed is described for the first time in Uruguay. The disease was diagnosed in a stud farm (70 cows) and in a commercial farm (80 cows), both with  purebred Polled Hereford cows. A pedigree Polled Hereford bull, of different blood lines, was used in both farms. Four affected calves were born in 1996 in the stud-farm (5,71%) and 3 in the commercial farm in 2009 (3.75%). Analysis of the pedigrees in the stud-farm demonstrated common ancestors for all sires and dams of affected calves. CWH calves presented at birth a tight, curly hair coat and showed clinical signs of depression and exercise intolerance. Most calves died within 7 days of birth. Postmortem examination in 4 euthanized calves showed a marked cardiomegaly characterized by increased cardiac weight (mean 391.3 g ± 60 SEM) and cardiac weight / birth weight ratio (mean 1.178% ± 0.131). All calves had massive bi-ventricular and septum hypertrophy with severe reduction in ventricular chamber volume. Microscopically, there was myocyte hypertrophy, haphazard disarray of bundles of myocytes, and slight interstitial fibrosis. The woolly skin had severe folicular dysplasia with distorted hair follicles, abnormal inner root sheet, and hook shaped hair bulbs. It is concluded that CWH occurs with relatively high incidence in the Polled Hereford breed in Uruguay. CWH phenotype is unique, pathologically different to human (Naxos and Carvajal diseases) and murine (waved 3) cardiocutaneous syndromes.

The objective of the present work is to communicate the natural infection of a bull with two different subtypes of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1). The two isolates, Uy-1999 (subtype 1) and Uy-2004 (subtype 2a), were recovered from the same animal, 5 years apart. After BoHV-1.1 Uy-1999 was isolated, the animal remained seronegative until five years later, when BoHV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected.The bull was then immunosuppressed with corticosteroids, with the purpose of reactivating and attempting to recover latent virus. The BoHV-1.2 aisolate (Uy-2004) was recovered from seminal fluid and prepucial sawbs between days 7 and 10 postimmunossupression; however, the isolate Uy-1999 could not be recovered. Although infections with different BoHV-1 subtypes of the same animal has been previously demonstrated experimentally, there are noreports of isolation of two different BoHV subtypes from the same animal.

The objective of the present work was to establish the normal range of the echocardiographic parameters in the Uruguayan Cimarron breed and to contribute with its characterization. Sixty three dogs were uses (21 males and 42 females) and in each one the weight and thoracic circumference were determined, and echocardiographic study was performed recording the diastolic and systolic measurement of right ventricle (VD), left ventricle (VI), interventricular septum (SIV), and free wall of left ventricle (PLVI). The E point to septum distance (DPES), aorta diameter (Ao) and left atrium (AI) size, both in M and B mode was calculated. The weight and thoracic circumference of the males were significantly higher than that of the females; these differences were reflected in the echocardiographic parameters that were also significantly higher in males. Other values that were significantly higher in males were stroke volumen (VES) and cardiac output (GC) but no differences were found in shortening fraction (FA) and left ventricle ejection fraction (FE). The parameters that presented a significant correlation with the body weight were: lumen of VI, SIV, PLVI, Ao, and AI. No correlation between weight and lumen of VD in sístole and diastole was found, and neither correlation between weight and E point to septum distance.

The present review summarizes information on the hierarchical social structure of rams, and how it is related to reproductive outcomes. The review provides information on how dominance relationships are established, both during the prepuberal development of the lambs, and between unknown joined rams. The effects of hierarchy on rams’ sexual behavior in pen and in paddock conditions is summarized. Finally, we present some possible alternatives to reduce the negative impacts of the hierarchy in reproductive outcomes. The respective sections include original information generated under both, pen and field conditions.

The results of a survey of reproductive parameters conducted in dairy farms in Uruguay in the years 2010 and 2011. Reproductive parameters used are defined and how to calculate them.

Editorial about Veterinaria (Montevideo) and the Uruguayan Veterinary Medicine Society.

The aim of this study was to perform pathological and toxicological study of 23 cases of sudden death associated with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise. We studied 23 cases of sudden death post-race, at the Race track «La Rinconada», Caracas, Venezuela. At necropsy, organ samples were taken for histopathological study. Sample of blood and urine for toxicological studies using competitive ELISA. The necropsy findings were: massive hemothorax severe congestion and rupture marked bronchial and mediastinal arteries. Subserosal petechial hemorrhage to caudo-dorsal lung lobes. Severe edema in trachea, bronchus and lung parenchyma. Severe bilateral pulmonary hemorrhage in lung parenchyma. Histopathological lesions showed severe congestion, marked edema, acute pulmonary hemorrhage due to rupture of focal bronchial arterioles, replete with red blood effusion. The Prussian blue special stain was positive for hemosiderophages observation in all cases studied. Toxicological studies allowed the detection of furosemide, pentoxifylline and clenbuterol. In conclusion it was made a pathological and toxicological study in 23 cases of sudden death associated  with pulmonary hemorrhage induced by exercise at the Race Track «La Rinconada, Caracas, Venezuela.