Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

To evaluate the efficiency of protocols for synchronization of estrus and ovulations in cycling beef heifers, an experiment was conducted including three treatments in three farms during two consecutive years. The treatments were: Modified-Ovsynch (OSYM) (n=1426), Modified-Heatsynch (HSYM) (n=1229) and Double Prostaglandin (DPG) given at a 14-day interval (n=1451). In the fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols -OSYM and HSYM-, heat detection was done twice a day from Day 5 PM to Day 7 PM, and the animals in heat were inseminated using the AM/PM rule; the FTAI was done on the OSYM and HSYM protocols to the animals that did not show heat during the three days mentioned before. In the DPG treatment, heat detection and artificial insemination started 36 hours after the second prostaglandin (PG), and was done for five consecutive days. The Pregnancy Rate (PR) showed significant differences between years (67.6% and 56.6% to the years 1 y 2 respectively; P<0.0001) and farms (farm A= 71.4; B= 62.3% and C= 56.8%; P<0.0001). There were no statistical differences between the farms B and C (62.3% and 56.8%; P<0.05) but both were different to farm A (71.4%, P <0.0001). All three protocols were efficient, but those with IATF resulted in better pregnancy rates.

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is the etiologic agent of a severe infectious disease, known as Distemper or Carré, which affects dogs and various families of carnivores. The disease is characterized by clinical symptoms associated with lesions in the respiratory, digestive and/or central nervous system. The diversity of the symptoms makes it difficult to establish a clinical ante-mortem diagnosis. In this work we implemented for the first time in Uruguay, an ante-mortem diagnostic method using RT-PCR (reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction) to amplify a conserved fragment of 287 bp of the nucleocapsid gene from samples belonging to dogs with symptoms of Distemper. Amplicons were obtained in 44 out of the 51 samples tested. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of three field samples revealed that they were 100% identical. The comparison of these sequences with the vaccine strain (Onderstepoort) revealed numerous nucleotide variations. These differences allowed us to design a method of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) to discriminate between the vaccine strain to field cases.

A study was made to compare the productivity of crossbred ewes, produced by crossing Milchschaf and Texel sires with Corriedale dams, relative to purebred Corriedale ewes. The essay was made during 4 years to evaluate reproductive traits, wool production and lamb growth and carcass yield of lambs. The experimental populations consisted of about 221 breeding ewes, 55 Corriedale (C), 80 F1 cross Texel x Corriedale (F1T) and 86 F1 cross Milchschaf x Corriedale (F1M). The mating was in March/April (autumn) with Hampshire Down rams, the lambing in August/September (winter, spring), shearing in October and the slaughter of all lambs at 32 kg liveweight since December to January (summer). The ewes and their lambs were running on implanted pastures (clover/festuca) all year around. Fertility was higher in F1T than C (P _ 0.01); fecundity was higher in F1M than the others genotypes (P _ 0.01); lamb survival at 72 h was similar among breeds. N°Lambs marked/ N° ewes mated was 100.2% in F1M, 91.9% in F1T and 67.5% in C (P _ 0.01). Average daily gain of lambs from birth to 50 days (GPRE) was higher (P _ 0.01) in F1T and F1M (252.5 g/d) than in C (218.1 g/d). Lamb carcass yield (%) was higher in F1T (48.6) and F1M (47.7) than in C (46.7) (P _ 0.01). GR was higher in FIT (10.1 mm) than the others genotypes. In ewes, average greasy wool weight was 4.1±0.1 kg and diameter was 32.3 m with breed effect (P _ 0.01) (31.2 m C and 32.9 m FIM y FIT).

The effect of month of semen collection and nutritional level on spermatic morphology of 20 Corriedale rams 18 months old, half of them grazing on native, and the other half grazing on improved pasture were studied. Nutritional levels determined differences in ram weight and scrotal circumference, but evolution of both variables was similar among the two groups. Nutritional levels affected only percentage of spermatozoa with abaxial mid-piece, whereas month of collection affected percentages of spermatozoa with acrosome damage, abnormal contour and variable size, abnormal and abaxial mid-piece, simple and double bent tails and distal droplet. Percentages of pearshaped, narrow at the base, normal and abnormal free heads, terminally coiled tail and proximal droplet spermatozoa were not affected by month of collection. Spermatic abnormalities increased during spring and reached higher levels in summer. Most frequently abnormalities observed were tail-related, distal droplet and head abnormalities, which together represented 75% of total abnormal spermatozoa found. Most frequent specific anomalies were distal droplet and simple bent tail; together these made up almost 50% of total observed anomalies

In the influence area of Northwest Regional Laboratory of DILAVE «Miguel C. Rubino» were registered three outbreaks of intoxication by Lantana camara, between 1991 and 1994 in the counties of Paysandú and Río Negro. Two of them affected sheep (morbidity 34% and 90%; mortality 32,2% and 87% respectively) and the other one was in cattle (morbidity and mortality 100%). Affected categories were wethers and ewes, in bovine were cows. The outbreak in cattle was in April, while in ovine, both were in December. All cases occurred when the animals entered in parks or gardens of the farms with the presence of the plant. The main clinical signs in sheep were: photosensitization, weight loss, jaundice and photophobia. The principal macroscopic findings were jaundice, yellowish gelatinous subcutaneous edema, swollen liver with ocher or orange coloration and light brown kidney. Histopathological findings of liver showed severe vacuolation of hepatocytes, cholestasis and necrosis of the periportal region. Acute deaths with few clinical signs were observed in the outbreak occurred in cattle. The macroscopic appearance and histological lesions were similar to those of sheep. The green plant from two sources was administered experimentally to confirm the etiology, to two sheep at dose 20- 40 g/kg lw and one cattle at dose 25 g/kg lw, it was toxic to both species. Clinical signs and pathology were similar to those observed in field cases.

In the last years, considerable loss of honeybees colonies has been detected in many countries around the world, and mainly in Northern Hemisphere ones. Pathogens and parasites are ahead as likely responsible agents of such loss. In Uruguay, mortality of colonies has increased significantly in the last decades, though not as much as in the United States of America and some European countries. The mite Varroa destructor is the main sanitary problem, causing colony if it is not properly deparasited. Moreover, the ocurrence of this parasite is associated to the presence of some ARN viruses widely distributed in the country: Acute bee paralysis virus, Chronic bee paralysis virus, Black queen-cell virus, Deformed wing virus and Sacbrood bee virus. So far, Kashmir bee virus and Israeli acute bee paralysis virus, both related to depopulation of colonies, have not been detected. The fungi Nosema ceranae occurs in all the country but has not been associated to considerable loss of colonies. Interestingly, a decrease in the prevalence of brood diseases such as American foulbrood (Paenibacillus larvae), European foulbrood (Melissococcus plutonius), Chalkbrood (Ascosphaera apis) and Sacbrood (virus SBV) has been detected. The increased hygienic behaviour of honeybees in the last 15 years could account for this improvement.

Two outbreaks of Senecio spp. intoxication in horses, occurred in Paysandú County between November 2009 and January 2010 are described. In both situations animals grazed during last winter, paddocks with low forage availability and plenty of Senecio spp. plants. Mainly young animals were affected. Clinical signs were: loss of weight, excitability or depression, aimless walking, circling, head pressing, ataxia, tenesmus and death. In the first outbreak morbidity was 24% and mortality 20.6%, whereas in the second morbidity was 20% and mortality 15.5%. At necropsy liver was firmer, with darker parenchyma or enhancement of the lobular pattern. It was also found mesenteric edema, moderate ascites and in some animals hydropericardium. Main histopatological findings were in liver hepatomegalocytosis, biliary hyperplasia, fibrosis and presence of regeneration nodules; in central nervous system there were spongy degeneration of cerebral white matter, Alzheimer type II astrocytes, and mild perivascular and perineuronal edema.

Year in which the 250th anniversary of the foundation of the first Veterinary Medicine School in Lyon, France was celebrated. Veterinary sciences already existed long before the foundation of the Lyon Veterinary School, there were those who cured animals, in Egypt, Greece and Mesopotamia. There are treaties concerning the treatment of animals and man, but what is commemorated is the institutionalization of the teaching of the veterinary profession in the modern world.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v59i0.254Wani No.59 2009 pp.3

This article examines the way in which a Miskito catholic catechist perceives the Santo Domingo festivities, an event that must be understood as a ritual that emphasizes the humiliation of the Saint, the unease of the sacred symbols and the regeneration. One can see that the horror that the catechist experiments, when he traveled with the anthropologist and he observed this type of ritual; it has little to do with the lack of balanced judgment for the religious practice of others, as it is reflected on his appreciation of the Virgin of Fatima Festival in Bluefields, but a true fear for the symbolic subversion, and the possibility of divine punishment that the ritual represents. This article argues that the explanation of this reaction has to be searched in the history of the Miskito Catholicism, which is very different from the Orthodox Nicaraguan Catholicism, and in the Miskito notions of divinity. 1. SANTO DOMINGO FESTIVITIES-CARIBBEAN COAST (NICARAGUA)-CRITICISM AND INTERPRETATION 2. RELIGIOUS FESTIVITIES-CEREMONIES AND RITUALSCARIBBEAN COAST (NICARAGUA) DOI: 10.5377/wani.v60i0.263Wani No.60 2010 pp.42-55