Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción: El embarazo en adolescentes constituye un problema de salud pública como consecuencia del impacto social, económico y de salud que evidencia la desigualdad, injusticia social y una clara violación de los derechos humanos especialmente en pilares fundamentales como la familia y sociedad. Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo asociados al embarazo en adolescentes en el Centro de Salud Nº1 y 3 de la ciudad de Loja. Método: Investigación analítica de casos (44 adolescentes embarazadas) y controles (88 adolescentes no embarazadas), con edades entre 10 y 19 años. Para la recolección de información se empleó la “Ficha de recolección de datos para casos y controles” y para el análisis estadístico, la fórmula de prevalencia puntual y la prueba estadística Odds Ratio (OR). Resultados: La prevalencia de adolescentes embarazadas en el Centro de Salud Nº 1 y 3 fue del 11% y 14% respectivamente. Los factores de riesgo predominantes en las casas de salud, en el plano personal correspondió a la educación de métodos anticonceptivos (CSNº1: OR = 6,500) (CSNº3: OR = 7,286); en el familiar destacaron la violencia (CSNº1: OR = 9,556) (CSNº3: OR = 6,176) y comunicación intrafamiliar con un (CSNº1: OR = 4,500) (CSNº3: OR = 3,400) correspondientemente; finalmente, en el factor socioeconómico en el Centro de Salud Nº1 destacó el consumo de alcohol con un OR de 4,667. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo personales, familiares y socioeconómicos son factores determinantes con una alta probabilidad de que ocurra un embarazo en la adolescencia. Palabras clave: factores de riesgo, adolescente, embarazo, violaciones de los derechos humanos.   ABSTRACT Introduction: Adolescent pregnancy constitutes a public health problem as a consequence of the social, economic and health impact that shows inequality, social injustice and a clear violation of human rights, especially in fundamental pillars such as family and society. Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy at Health Center No. 1 and 3 in the city of Loja. Method: Analytical investigation of cases (44 pregnant adolescents) and controls (88 non-pregnant adolescents), aged between 10 and 19 years. For the collection of information, the "Data collection form for cases and controls" was used and for the statistical analysis, the point prevalence formula and the Odds Ratio (OR) statistical test. Results: The prevalence of pregnant adolescents in Health Center No. 1 and 3 was 11% and 14% respectively. The predominant risk factors in the health homes, on a personal level, corresponded to the education of contraceptive methods (CSNº1: OR = 6,500) (CSNº3: OR = 7,286); in the family, violence stood out (CSNº1: OR = 9,556) (CSNº3: OR = 6,176) and intra-family communication with a (CSNº1: OR = 4,500) (CSNº3: OR = 3,400) correspondingly; Finally, in the socioeconomic factor at Health Center No. 1, alcohol consumption stood out with an OR of 4,667. Conclusions: Personal, family and socioeconomic risk factors are determining factors with a high probability of a pregnancy occurring in adolescence. Keywords: risk factors, adolescent, pregnancy, human rights violations.

Introducción: El equilibrio del medio interno, es esencial para mantener un adecuado estado de salud. En el paciente críticamente enfermo, las alteraciones de los líquidos corporales hacia la depleción como hacia la sobrecarga es una condición frecuente y que se asocia con incremento de la mortalidad, el manejo de esta condición exige un conocimiento holístico de la fisiología y fisiopatología de la homeostasis corporal por parte del personal médico y de enfermería. Objetivo: describir una visión fisiológica, fisiopatológica de las pérdidas insensibles, con el fin de homogenizar y mejorar el manejo por parte del personal de enfermería. Métodos: investigación de diseño documental con revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos: PubMed, Scielo, Latindex, Lilacs y Google académico, con los descriptores de ciencias de la salud (DeCS) de Bireme: pérdidas insensibles, balance hídrico, paciente crítico. Desarrollo: En condiciones no patológicas nuestro organismo es capaz de mantener un equilibrio hidroelectrolítico y ácido-base gracias a los mecanismos adaptativos del mismo, el paciente en estado crítico pierde dicho equilibrio, y las pérdidas insensibles se maximizan por situaciones como la taquipnea, la cirugía abdominal abiera, entre otros. Es por este motivo que uno de los roles fundamentales de enfermería en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva es tener el conocimiento de la importancia del cálculo de las perdidas insensibles, así como de su impacto en la evolución del paciente críticamente enfermo. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de las perdidas insensibles en situaciones especiales, se convierte en un recurso de buena práctica clínica y su conocimiento profundo permite el manejo adecuado del paciente en estado crítico   Palabras clave: pérdida insensible de agua, medio interno, paciente crítico     ABSTRACT   Background: The balance of the internal environment is essential to maintain an adequate state of health. In the critically ill patient, alterations of body fluids towards depletion as well as towards overload is a frequent condition and is associated with increased mortality, the management of this condition requires a holistic understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of homeostasis by medical and nursing staff. Objective: give a physiological, pathophysiological and compensation vision of insensible losses, in order to homogenize and improve their management by nursing staff. Methods: documentary design research with bibliographic review in the databases: PubMed, Scielo, Latindex, Lilacs and academic Google, with Bireme's health sciences (DeCS) descriptors: insensible losses, water balance, critical patient. Development: In non-pathological conditions, our body is capable of maintaining a hydroelectrolytic and acid-base balance thanks to its adaptive mechanisms. The critically ill patient loses said balance, and insensible losses are maximized by situations such as tachypnea, surgery abdominal open, among others. It is for this reason that one of the fundamental roles of nursing in the Intensive Care Unit is to be aware of the importance of calculating insensible losses, as well as their impact on the evolution of critically ill patients. Conclusions: The knowledge of insensible losses in special situations becomes a resource of good clinical practice and its deep knowledge allows the adequate management of the patient in critical condition.   Keywords: insensible water loss, internal environment, critical patient.  

Introducción: La incorporación de las competencias de salud global en los planes de estudio de enfermería, permite formar profesionales con enfoque transnacional. En la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, se desconoce el nivel desarrollo que están logrando los estudiantes de enfermería en esta temática, así como el aporte que las asignaturas docentes están dando al desarrollo de estas competencias. Objetivo: Analizar las competencias de salud global desde la percepción de los estudiantes del internado rotativo y docentes de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 167 estudiantes del internado rotativo y 42 docentes de la Carrera de Enfermería de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, mediante el cuestionario estandarizado sobre Competencias Básicas Esenciales de Salud Global. Para el análisis descriptivo de las variables se utilizaron frecuencias y porcentajes y, para el análisis de asociación se utilizó el estadístico Chi Cuadrado. Se aceptó un valor de significancia estadística de p<0.05. Resultados: Docentes y estudiantes están de acuerdo con la importancia de desarrollar las competencias de salud global en su perfil profesional. Mayoritariamente, los estudiantes manifestaron haber desarrollado estas competencias en su formación académica, sin embargo, se determinaron bajos porcentajes de aporte por parte de las asignaturas docentes al desarrollo de estas. Conclusiones: Existe concordancia entre docentes y estudiantes en relación con la importancia y desarrollo de las competencias de salud global en la formación profesional. Los resultados de este estudio se pueden utilizar para orientar las deliberaciones del profesorado sobre las competencias de salud global que deben incorporarse en los planes de estudio de la carrera de enfermería. Palabras Clave: educación en enfermería, estudiantes de enfermería, salud global, competencia profesional. ABSTRACT Introduction: The incorporation of global health competencies in nursing curricula allows training professionals with a transnational approach. In the Nursing Career of the Central University of Ecuador, the level of development that nursing students are achieving in this subject is unknown, as well as the contribution that the teaching subjects are giving to the development of these competencies. Objective: To analyze the global health competencies from the perception of the students of the rotating internship and teachers of the Nursing Career of the Central University of Ecuador. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 167 students of the rotating internship and 42 professors of the Nursing Career of the Central University of Ecuador, using the standardized questionnaire on Essential Basic Competencies of Global Health. Frequencies and percentages were used for the descriptive analysis of the variables, and the Chi Square statistic was used for the association analysis. A statistical significance value of p<0.05 was accepted. Results: Teachers and students agree on the importance of developing global health competencies in their professional profile. Mostly, the students stated that they had developed these competencies in their academic training, however, low percentages of contribution by the teaching subjects to the development of these were determined. Conclusions: There is agreement between teachers and students regarding the importance and development of global health competencies in professional training. The results of this study can be used to guide faculty deliberations on global health competencies that should be incorporated into nursing career curricula. Keywords: nursing education, nursing students, global health, professional competence.

Introducción: La hospitalización de un neonato provoca alteraciones negativas en las madres, afectando la salud mental, física, el vínculo madre-hijo y las relaciones familiares. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de resiliencia de madres de neonatos hospitalizados. Métodos: investigación observacional, prospectiva, diseño descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo transversal, muestra censal de 39 madres de recién nacidos del servicio de neonatología, Hospital Regional Docente Ambato, Ecuador.  La información se obtuvo, a través de la aplicación de un instrumento de recolección de datos, en el Hospital Regional Docente Ambato, en el periodo entre agosto a noviembre del 2021. Resultados: Del total de madres encuestadas, se evidencia que el porcentaje de los datos generales es del 56%, el mismo que manifiesta un nivel de resiliencia medio. Así mismo, el nivel de resiliencia por cada factor de la escala SV-RES, en cuanto al factor yo soy; el nivel de resiliencia es bajo y está representado por un porcentaje del 54%, seguido del factor yo tengo, se observa que un 88% tienen un nivel de resiliencia medio. Finalmente, el factor yo puedo, tiene un porcentaje del 69% con un nivel de resiliencia bajo. Conclusión: Se determina que el nivel de resiliencia en general es medio, ya que, de la mayoría de madres participantes, sus hijos estaban hospitalizados en el área de básicos, que es un área menos crítica y a diario iban recibiendo buenas noticias de como la salud de sus hijos mejoraba. Palabras clave: adaptación psicológica, hospitalización, recién nacido, relaciones madre-hijo   ABSTRACT Introduction: The hospitalization of a newborn causes negative alterations in mothers, affecting mental and physical health, the mother-child bond and family relationships. Objective: To determine the level of resilience of mothers of hospitalized newborns. Methods: observational, prospective research, descriptive design, cross-sectional quantitative approach, census sample of 39 mothers of newborns from the neonatology service, Ambato Regional Teaching Hospital, Ecuador. The information was obtained, through the application of a data collection instrument, at the Ambato Regional Teaching Hospital, in the period between August and November 2021. Results: Of the total number of mothers surveyed, it is evident that the percentage of general data is 56%, the same that shows a medium level of resilience. Likewise, the level of resilience for each factor of the SV-RES scale, regarding the factor I am; the level of resilience is low and is represented by a percentage of 54%, followed by the factor I have, it is observed that 88% have a medium level of resilience. Finally, the I can factor has a percentage of 69% with a low level of resilience. Conclusion: It is determined that the level of resilience in general is medium, since, of the majority of participating mothers, their children were hospitalized in the basic area, which is a less critical area and daily they were receiving good news about how their health of their children improved   Keywords: adaptation, psychological, hospitalization, infant, newborn, mother-child relations

Introducción. La etapa del climaterio es una etapa fisiológica en la cual la mujer pasa de la vida reproductiva a la no reproductiva, causando cambios físicos, psicológicos, sociales y sexuales, por lo que los cuidados de enfermería resultan indispensables para la implementación de estrategias orientadas a la promoción y prevención de complicaciones. Objetivo. Demostrar la aplicación de la Teoría de Orem para el desarrollo de intervenciones de enfermería dirigidas al abordaje de la salud sexual en mujeres climatéricas. Desarrollo. La Teoría de Orem es un marco de referencia para la práctica, educación y gestión de la enfermería, permitiendo una atención integral, satisfaciendo asertivamente los requisitos de autocuidado universales y de desarrollo en este grupo poblacional. Se identificaron los requisitos de autocuidado en la salud sexual, posibles déficits de autocuidado y fue diseñada una propuesta de plan de cuidado de enfermería en base al diseño de operaciones prescriptivas y reguladoras. Conclusiones. Se concluye que la aplicación de la Teoría de Orem en base a una aproximación de diseño, permite al profesional de enfermería tener un marco de referencia que guíe su accionar con las mujeres en etapa de climaterio en el cuidado de su salud sexual.  Palabras clave: autocuidado; climaterio; menopausia; sexualidad; teoría de enfermería.   ABSTRACT Introduction. The climacteric stage is a physiological stage in which women go from reproductive to non-reproductive life, causing physical, psychological, social and sexual changes, for which nursing care is essential for the implementation of strategies aimed at promotion and prevention of complications. Objective. Demonstrate the application of Orem's Theory for the development of nursing interventions aimed at addressing sexual health in climacteric women. Developing. Orem's Theory is a reference framework for nursing practice, education and management, allowing comprehensive care, assertively satisfying the universal and developmental self-care requirements in this population group. Self-care requirements in sexual health and possible self-care deficits were identified, and a nursing care plan proposal was designed based on the design of prescriptive and regulatory operations. Conclusions. It is concluded that the application of Orem's Theory based on a design approach, allows the nursing professional to have a reference framework that guides their actions with women in the climacteric stage in the care of their sexual health. Keywords: self care; climacteric; menopause; sexuality; nursing theory

Objective: To analyze the control measures used by companies in the automotive and real estate sector in the city of Cuenca, in order to evaluate the implementation of control activities for the detection and prevention of money laundering by defining the degree of importance given by the automotive and real estate sector to the prevention of money laundering and compliance with the legal provisions issued by the control agency. Materials and Methods: We used structured surveys to 24 companies in the automotive and real estate sector in the city of Cuenca, the selection of these was made through a search on the website of the Superintendence of Companies according to the CIUU of each sector, in addition an unstructured interview was conducted with two compliance officers of two major companies in the automotive sector in the city. Results: Of a total of 24 companies surveyed, it was observed that according to the economic sector to which they belong, 33%, equivalent to 8 companies, belong to the real estate sector, and the remaining 67%, equivalent to 16 companies, belong to the automotive sector. In addition, 71% have indicated that they do comply with the minimum requirements established by the UAFE and the remaining companies, that is to say, 6 that represent 29%, do not comply with what was dictated

Interculturality in Ecuador is inserted as a transcendental issue in different areas such as health, education and communication, among others; through the application of public policies. The educational system does not escape this reality, it constitutes a transversal axis, both at the level of basic education, high school and higher education. However, there are a series of approaches around the concept of interculturality that causes its applicability to be carried out from the perspective of the person who states it and its context. On the one hand, it is related to bilingual education, peoples and nationalities; on the other hand, with migratory movements. The objective of the study was to identify the different voices and visions that teachers have about interculturality. The study was carried out under a qualitative interpretive approach of a hermeneutical nature. Semi-structured interviews were applied to teachers of the bilingual national and intercultural educational system from different territories of the country. The main finding is related to the problem of its definition and polysemy of meanings that are articulated to concepts of identity, culture and knowledge. As well as respect, tolerance, interaction and difference. The 2008 Constitution and the Organic Law on Intercultural Education stand out as the main regulations on interculturality. Also, the need to reconceptualize the concept of interculturality, moving from a descriptive or prescriptive definition to a critical perspective. In this way, it becomes an emancipatory tool for the transformation of structures, institutions and social relations to build societies within the framework of equal opportunities.

Curricular adaptations are a little elaborated element in early education; therefore, the objective of this research is to describe information about the main results and findings which support the importance of the elaboration of a guide of activities with curricular adaptations to develop psychomotor skills in children with motor deficiency, based on a literature review methodology, with a descriptive-explanatory qualitative approach. The search was carried out in books, journal articles, scientific articles and theses. It was possible to find 80 articles related to the topic, of which, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 32 were selected from the following scientific databases: ProQuest, Redalyc, Scielo, la referencia, rraae and google academic. The main findings obtained were that curricular adaptations allow the development of various skills and potentialities in students with special educational needs by applying a strategy according to the needs of the child. In conclusion, the importance of applying curricular adaptations in early childhood as part of the teaching-learning process and also attending to the emotional and contextual needs of the child.

El presente artículo científico nace con la necesidad de implementar una investigación de un nivel alto de confiabilidad y contenido sobre el impacto del covid-19 en las organizaciones con un enfoque hacia el emprendimiento y la innovación en la ciudad de Cuenca, ya que la pandemia causó retos y amenazas a las empresas de una manera compleja y a otras las hizo optar por ver el lado positivo de todo este acontecimiento para sacarle provecho. El objetivo de la elaboración de este artículo es brindar de manera estratégica la difusión de contenido científico hacia el tema a escribir. La metodología será aplicada es una investigación descriptiva, el método será aplicado inductivamente, con un enfoque cuantitativo de la mano con la técnica mediante la investigación de bases científicas. La manera práctica y focalizada de desarrollar este problema de la investigación, brindará mayor efectividad en el alcance de objetivos, debido a que se mantiene guiado a base de herramientas administrativas y metodológicas.

The objective of this article is to analyze and reflect on aspects that can be considered in future debates for the reform of the higher education law LES 24521, for which a qualitative methodological scope and a descriptive exploratory design are proposed. It is proposed as an exploratory design since it is intended to identify the most relevant aspects of the analyzed subject, on the other hand, it is proposed as a descriptive design, since proposals for improvement of the law are presented, which can be considered within a future law reform. Based on the analysis carried out, changes are proposed in aspects of: autonomy, its scope and its guarantees; requirements for the teaching function and the managerial function; teaching career; government bodies; support and financial regime; and finally access to quality higher education.