Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The aim of this paper is to analyze the production of the scientific innovation theme, based on the Economical Development Theory. The bibliometric study started from the seven categories derived from Schumpeter's seminal text in articles from the following journals IJIM, JOTMI, RAI and RBI, published in the 2000 decade. Results have shown an increase in eleven new categories in the innovation realm, and the predominant categories are the ones that mention 'organizational resources, capabilities and competencies, knowledge and learning'. The topic 'new product', from Schumpeter's original text, was the third most investigated. We have come to the conclusion that the discussion of the subject innovation is far beyond the cases of innovation shown by his seminal author in the early twentieth century and, even though this may not be a theory of resources, this approach and other ones derived from it - such as the dynamic capabilities approach, the skills approach and the organizational knowledge approach - have now attracted the interest of the academy in recent years.

The use of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry was introduced in the 1986. However, their use has been relatively minor. This prospective study aims at enhancing the understanding of the most important advances regarding the use of enzymes in this industry and to identify the future trends of this technology. Information gathered from the Web of Science shows a growing number of papers published on this topic indicating an increased interest in this issue. A study on patents also displayed a high number documents related to this technology. Cellulase, xylanase, laccase and lipase are the most important enzymes that can be used in the pulp and paper processes. Furthermore, the key objectives of enzymes development have been in the bleaching boosting with xylanases and fiber modification with cellulases. The current and future trends on the development of enzymes are focused on increasing their thermostability and their alkalinity strength.

Creativity and innovation drive competitiveness in the 21st century enterprises. Dynamic hyper-intensive competitive markets demand widespread innovations from all employees in most global enterprises. Leaders influence and set the contextual environments under which their employees express creativity. This paper will examine how different lea- dership models relate with individual creativity. It is noted that the mindful consciousness of individuals, including their leaders, play significant roles in the individuals’ creativity. This exploratory research study first defines creativity and individual creativity, and then examines the five different orientations of leaders’ influences on the individuals’ creativity. In conclusion, selected managerial and educational implications are suggested.

Con el propósito general de evaluar el impacto de la tecnologías de información (TI) en el rendimiento industrial dentro del contexto de un país en desarrollo, y basado en una muestra de 212 grandes empresas manufactureras chilenas, este estudio tiene por objetivo medir la influencia de la inversión en TI sobre la eficiencia relativa de las organizaciones. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha construido una medida multidimensional de eficiencia relativa basada en el análisis envolvente de datos (AED). Luego se han aplicado test ANOVA para evaluar, por una parte, si la inversión en computadores, y por otra, si la existencia de software empresarial, diferencian significativamente la eficiencia relativa de estas organizaciones. Los resultados del estudio indican que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la eficiencia relativa de estas empresas manufactureras de la muestra y su nivel de inversión en TI.

Establishing deep understanding of customers is a prerequisite to improve success rates of innovations under today’s transient business conditions. This paper summarizes methods and tools to increase customer understanding in new product development. A case study of developing an office chair was conducted, utilizing four such methods (web based survey, interview, observation and workshops) to provide directions for later application. Results indicate that methods revealing emotionally-related customer information (workshops and observation) are resource-intensive and provide less amount of information directly applicable to the product development team. The opposite is the case for methods providing more functionally-related information (web based survey and interview). The overall conclusion is that the latter methods are more suitable for product improvements, while the former may provide valuable information for creating more differentiated products.

Radical and Incremental Innovation Preferences in Information Technology: An Empirical Study in an Emerging Economy Abstract Innovation in information technology is a primary driver for growth in developed economies. Research indicates that countries go through three stages in the adoption of innovation strategies: buying innovation through global trade, incremental innovation from other countries by enhancing efficiency, and, at the most developed stage, radically innovating independently for competitive advantage. The first two stages of innovation maturity depend more on cross-border trade than the third stage. In this paper, we find that IT professionals in in an emerging economy such as India believe in radical innovation over incremental innovation (adaptation) as a growth strategy, even though competitive advantage may rest in adaptation. The results of the study report the preference for innovation strategies among IT professionals in India and its implications for other rapidly growing emerging economies.

The article analyzes how innovation generation occurs in subsidiaries of Brazilian multinational corporations acting in Portugal, specifically the role of customers in the process and the knowledge dynamics. A multiple case study approach was conducted in four subsidiaries operating in the Portuguese market for at least one year. Firms came from different activity sectors and sizes. Results identify permanent knowledge exchange flows between subsidiaries and headquarters, while the largest pour is from the later ones (in Brazil) to their wings in Portugal. There are frequent innovations taking place in Portuguese subsidiaries. Such innovation processes are typically incremental in nature and occur predominantly in only some areas of the organization, where greater specialization and expertise are located. The most relevant results regard the existing strong interaction between subsidiaries and markets, especially with the larger customers that contribute with suggestions and are able to influence the new products creation in the subsidiaries.

As predicted by evolutionary economics, historical antecedents matter when it comes to the relationship between survival of entrants and organizational capabilities. Spinoff firms provide an exemplary case of such relationship where the founders’ pre-entry capabilities that are inherited from the parent firm increases their survival chances. Looking closer and deeper to the evolutionary spinoff success mechanisms, I examine three specific genetic features which make spinoff firms more advantageous compared to other entrants; namely 1) Genotype: Transfer of blueprint, 2) Phenotype: Organizational learning, and 3) Memes: Informal relations and social capital. A detailed theoretical analysis of each mechanism prevails how they function and provide sustainable competitive advantage to spinoff firms. Testable hypotheses are provided about each mechanism.

It was performed an observational, prospective, descriptive research about the benefits of physical exercises for elderly people with NTCD from the Elderly House Ernesto Guevara, Family Medical Consult #8, Polyclinic III, Manzanillo. Some diseases like Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and Arthritis prevailed, the rest were not  included. It was selected a sample of 15 elderly people, taken from a universe of 25. It was applied a survey with these variables: etharian groups, sex, associated chronic diseases,  compensations of the diseases before and after the practice of physical exercises.  The ages between 60 and 74 years old prevailed, with 12 senescents for the 80% and the female sex with 13 patients(87%). The disorders associated to arthritis had a greater prevalence (86%). The female sex was the most affected. From the amount of NTCD, the 72% (23) was compensated with exercises, with a greater percent in arthritis and hypertension. The 28% was not compensated. From the 15 elderly people, the 60% (9 ) got better with the exercises and were not descompensated from the NTCD, 7% (1) had severe descompensations, from the patients who did not get better non of them was descompensated, evaluating the positive results with the performance of exercises in the House in elderly patients with NTCD.

“Living has sense” was a campaign of public welfare, performed in the framework for the Prevention of HIV/AIDS project through an increase of a responsible sexuality, promoted by the Province Office of STI/HIV/ AIDS prevention in Granma and in the NGO Doctors of the world. This campaign was directed towards youngsters, adolescents, women and men as the most vulnerable population to the HIV epidemic and other STI with the objective to form capacities for the skills in order to practice a responsible sexuality, such as: the increase of knowledge about preventive ways, to exemplify and model skills like the proper use of the condom, to increase the service demand, counselling, HIV tests, and to reinforce knowledge and positive attitudes. The objective of this work is to show the experience in the elaboration of communicative supports.  For this purpose there are explained the procedures used by the managing team, there are described the materials according to the goals of the audience, there are also exposed the evidences of its application in educative activities and the impact of the aforementioned materials. With this campaign there were strengthened the actions of Information, Education and Communication (IEC), towards the prevention of STI, HIV, AIDS, and the promotion of a save and responsible sexual behaviour in vulnerable populations and generally, in the society of Granma province.