Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Context: This work proposes a model to document the elicitation of requirements in the field of Requirements Engineering. Method: A systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine the validity and effectiveness of the existing models for documenting requirements elicitation. Results: By analyzing the results of this review, it was concluded that it is possible – and that is required – to take the best documented practices and add principles from logic, abstraction, and formal methods to them in order to structure a semi-formal model for documenting elicitation. Those currently proposed focus on techniques to collect information and pay little attention to documentation. In addition, these models are mainly based on natural language, which makes their interpretation difficult, and they generate re-processing in later stages of the life cycle due to ambiguities. Conclusions: This article describes a structured model, as well as its application and validation, by comparing it against five models found in the review.

Context: This paper is motivated by the need to improve the resilience of industrial control systems. Many control systems currently operating in the industry were designed and implemented before the boom in communications (wired and wireless networks) within industrial control systems. However, nowadays they operate connected to the communications network. This increase in connectivity has made the systems susceptible to cyber-attacks that seek to degrade the proper operation of the control loop even affecting only one sensor. Method: We use concepts from fault tolerant control and classic control theory to show that it is possible to reconstruct the system state without (any) one of the system outputs. This fact is used in the recalculation of the control signal through an algorithm of attack detection and isolation, to avoid for an attack to be feedback to the system, mitigating its effect. We show the effectiveness of our proposal with simulations on a four-tanks testbed using Matlab and Simulink. Results: We show that a bank of unknown input observers can be designed to recover true information from attacked sensors, i.e., recover the information without the effect of the attack. Therefore, the estimation obtained from those observers can be utilized for computing a control action that mitigates the effect of the attack. Conclusions: This mitigation of the attack prevents a single sensor attack from signi cantly impair the action of low-level controllers, improving the resilience on the system just modifying the digital controller architecture. The development presented is limited to cyber-attacks on system sensors pre- sented one at a time, that still can compromise seriously the system behavior. Future work will address the extension of the presented results in situations with simultaneous attacks on more than one sensor, and/or consider attacks on the control system actuators.

Context: In power electronics applications, it is important to make comparisons between converters to choose the device that best suits a particular application. This paper compares the Boost converter and the hybrid Boost converter. The operating models of both converters under study are developed and explained in detail to allow for a proper comparison and analysis. Method: Using the passive sign law, the differential equations that govern the behavior of each converter are determined upon the basis of their switching states. Then, circuit simulations are performed by using the OpenModelica software to analyze the output signals of both converters with the same input parameters. Results: Comparisons of voltage and current gains, current and voltage time response, and ripple were obtained. Additionally, the efficiency was analyzed by adding resistive losses in each passive element of both converters. Conclusions: For high duties, the hybrid Boost converter has a greater capacity to increase the output voltage than the Boost converter. It was also found that the hybrid Boost converter has a low overshoot and a low ripple in the time response of its output signals. However, this converter is less efficient.

This number of the Ingeniería journal explores the participation of the researchers from Bogotá City in Colombia that selects our journal to present their contributions in different research areas of Engineering, which includes Industrial, Electrical, Electronic, Civil, Environmental, Agricultural, and Mechanical Engineering, among others.

The power flow solution is a classical problem in electrical engineering that has been studied for more than 60 years [1]. One of the most widely used methods corresponds to the Newton-Raphson approach, which is currently employed for analyzing power systems with meshed configurations and multiple generation sources, i.e., it is typically employed for power systems in high-voltage levels [2].

Nowadays, the changes caused by globalization, the digital revolution, and the concept of environmental sustainability, among others, have created an imperative need to strengthen society’s socioeconomic, political, cultural, and environmental structure.

Context: This publication shows a potential use for waste from the automotive industry, namely waste originating in the manufacturing process of gaskets and seals for motorcycles, which currently do not have a final use. In addition, due to their high-performance rubber surface layer, they imply an extensive degradation process, which constitutes a harmful factor for the environment and contributes to global warming. Method: First, the crushing of the residues was carried out, then their sieving and selection via granulometry, and finally a mixture with the natural rubber through chewing in open cylinders in order to obtain the master, which was vulcanized in a shoe sole mold. The final product was mechanically characterized via the techniques, tension-elongation, wear, hardness, bending, and tearing. Results: The obtained mixture opens a window to the design of products using residues from seals and gaskets for motors. It will be possible to design other proposals for functionalized rubbers, oriented towards the development of ecological footwear applications. Conclusions: The mixture of cellulose waste from the motor seal sector and natural rubber shows promise for the reduction of the negative impact caused by these wastes and proposes a circular economy –in this case, with the development of raw material in the footwear sector.

Context: This article presents a product development methodology applied to the development of a technical assistance guide model for Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, which seeks to respond to the needs of the entity and those of its stakeholders, within the framework of the Sistema Nacional de Bienestar Familiar (SNBF) and the Servicio Público de Bienestar Familiar (SPBF). Method: The applied methodology consists of three phases: identification of needs, specifications, and conceptual design. Results: As a result, an analysis of the needs of the interested parties and the specifications to be considered by the guide model. Then, the conceptual design is explained through the concept of technical assistance model, which correlates the identified specifications with the requirements of the Integrated Planning and Management Model (MIPG) and ISO 30401: 2018. Conclusions: The technical assistance guide model developed for Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar allows the entity to address the management of this strategy while considering the requirements of the MIPG and ISO 30401: 2018.

Context: Within the framework of the development of sectoral diagnoses in the Colombian and Latin American context, the need arises to compare which methodological aspects have been relevant in different studies, both specific and general, in order to perform diagnoses in different sectors of the economy. As a basis for comparison, the methodology proposed by the ARCOSES group of Universidad Distrital is used, and a search for related literature is carried out, mainly in the Latin American context. Method: This literature review was performed with the following keywords: sector diagnostics, sector analysis, economic sector diagnostic, sectorial assessment. The databases consulted were Dialnet, Iseek, ScienceReseach, Lareferencia, Scielo, Redib, BASE, Springer Link, Scopus, and Science Direct. Documents that applied a sectoral diagnosis or investigated methodological aspects were selected. Later, an analysis of each work was carried out, comparing it with the variables proposed by the ARCOSES group. Results: No significant differences were found between national and international methodologies; many works started from data and information collection, to later perform descriptive statistics. In others, more specific tools and methods were implemented, depending on that to be evaluated in the sector. Some diagnoses had theoretical and conceptual frameworks, in addition to hypotheses, which would be accepted based on inferential statistics. It is worth highlighting the future importance of this subject, due to the several issues associated with many economic sectors regarding environmental, social, and political factors. Conclusions: There is great difficulty in designing a general use methodology. Therefore, starting from previous methodologies is recommended, as well as carrying out relevant modifications according to the studied sector. In addition, the importance of data and information collection phase for a sector is highlighted, since it can pose many challenges, increasing the time it takes to carry out diagnoses. From academia, future research can be oriented towards the design of methodologies that allow efficiently finding data and information that are useful for the economic growth of a sector.

Context:  Owing to the technological breakthrough in the worldwide productive systems, generated by the 4.0 revolution, it is compulsory to make sweeping changes to logistics both nationally and internationally to allow supply chains to enhance their performance and their response time. Hence, the concept of Logistics 4.0 was born. Although many developed countries have implemented the principles of Logistics 4.0, there is still a breach in its study and application worldwide. This article explores the challenges and tendencies in the implementation of Logistics 4.0. Method: Articles published from 2015 to 2021 in the databases of Scopus, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis and Google Scholar, were analyzed by a systematic literature review. The explored publications were found using the search terms: (("logistics 4.0") OR ("supply chain 4.0") OR ("industry 4.0" AND ("logistics" OR "supply chain"))) and ((“blockchain” OR “IoT” OR “Cyber Physical Systems” OR “Big Data”) AND “logistics”) in title, abstract and keywords. Results: It was proposed a conceptualization of Logistics 4.0 including definition, objectives, characteristics, and most representative technologies in its implementation. Likewise, the main challenges and trends that industries could face in the implementation of Logistics 4.0 within logistics systems, and supply chains were identified. Conclusions: Logistics 4.0 is a novelty term that has aroused the interest of researchers, governments, and companies worldwide, due to its promising benefits in reducing response times and increasing flexibility and collaboration in supply chains. However, the lack of a common framework for its study and adoption has hindered its integration in companies and supply chains, specially in those located in developing countries, which must face technical, social, economic, and legal barriers for the implementation of logistics 4.0.