Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that represents the fourth largest cause of hospitalization in Brazil. For this reason, the present work seeks to describe the distribution of asthma hospitalizations in Brazil and their temporal trend between 2008 and 2018. For this purpose, asthma hospitalization data were collected in Brazil between 2008-2018 extracted from DATASUS. The Joinpoint software was then used to analyze trends. A total of 1,567,952 asthma hospitalizations were reported, with a significant downward trend in both genders, all regions and age groups. There was a predominance of cases in the Northeast region and in children and adolescents. The decrease in asthma hospitalizations in Brazil may probably be related to improvements in access to health services, such as the free distribution of drugs for the treatment of the disease. The data showed that asthma hospitalizations have been decreasing, being more prevalent in children and adolescents and residents of the Northeast region. It is hoped that this data can help in health planning and resource allocation.

Introduction. Domestic violence violates the physical and mental health of the victim and her family environment; usually women are the most affected, for cultural and social reasons violence has been normalized within the family context. The damage, especially the psychological damage, is one of the consequences that lasts over time unless the victim receives comprehensive care focused on her main needs. Objective. The objective was to assess the current empirical evidence of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for the treatment of psychological harm in women who have been domestically abused by their partners. Methodology. The review was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, using the guidelines of the Prisma and Consort statements to obtain the final sample of articles selected based on the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Most cognitive-behavioral interventions have focused on addressing the symptomatology of PTSD, depression, or anxiety, achieving favorable results for this type of population. Conclusion. In conclusion, CBT is effective for the treatment of psychological harm in women who have been domestically abused by their partners. However, the lack of specificity of the interventions constitutes an important limitation at the time of replication in clinical practice.

Introduction. Higher education and other educational scenarios together with employment have all been affected by the COVID 19 pandemic, which has taken humanity by surprise. This has caused social isolation and has obliged teachers and students to use technology so academic learning can continue. This, in turn, has caused many psychological issues such as stress and anxiety in students. Also, other issues have been present during distance learning, namely lack of internet service and access to technological tools, showing the big digital divide in countries like Ecuador. Objective. The present research study aims to determine which factors are associated with the academic performance of students of the University of Cuenca during the times of COVID. Methodology.  The research approach was quantitative, non-probabilistic, and of correlational type. The sample constituted 155 university students who were administered a questionnaire. Results. According to the results through the application of the quantitative approach, they show that tele-education, social isolation, and the digital divide have a significant impact on the academic performance of the students of the National and Foreign Languages ​​Pedagogy Career at the University of Cuenca. Conclusion. According to the findings, we conclude that it is necessary to promote the management of academic stress among students, and to establish procedures which could help students who have problems related with technology and Internet. This could help reduce the digital divide, allowing students to continue their studies in distance learning. 

In the present investigation, the virtual environment Genially was used as an alternative to Gamification to strengthen reading comprehension in students in the fifth year of basic education of the "Amalia Urigüen" Fiscomisional school in Deleg city of the Cañar province. For the development of the work, we began with the elaboration of a reading whose content was related to the environment in which they reside and an evaluative questionnaire according to the Likert scale, formed by with five quantitative variables. This helped to know the skills and abilities that each student has to decode their content, which is the basis for obtaining the information baseline. After, playful methodologies, known as gamification, were implemented making use of technological resources such as Genially to strengthen for reading comprehensive. Finally, the reading was delivered for the second time for its interpretation and execution of the corresponding evaluation, obtaining two results for the respective analysis. In order to know the changes produced with the implementation of the experiment, the two results obtained were entered into the statistical package software for the social sciences SPSS with which it was determined that the average relationship between the pretest and posttest tests are associative, because their bilateral sig is less than 0.05, showing that the results are significant, that is, that to strengthen the comprehension of a reading, teaching can be used through games, which is known as gamification, as well as making use of available virtual media, as in this case Genially that allowed to relate these two teaching methods.

The present investigation is interested in the determination of the factors associated with the placement of microcredits in the Jardín Azuayo cooperative, Yanuncay office. The study is quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, and correlational. Part of a finite population of 9,206 research subjects. The research subjects are all active members of the Cooperativa Jardín Azuayo Yanuncay office. 103 study subjects were studied using an instrument validated by expert judgment and with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.884. The research is non-probabilistic and intentional. It was found that financial education, financial advice, pre-investment study, and savings culture are strongly correlated with the placement of microcredits. It is concluded that the analysis of the partner must be deeper considering the environment that is found and use this research for continuous improvement in advice on credit issues.

This paper addresses the issue of the use of virtual laboratories for the educational process. The objective of the research focuses on determining the incidence of the use of virtual laboratories for the teaching-learning process of chemistry in second-year high school students of the Isabel Moscoso Dávila Educational Unit. From the methodological point of view, the research has a quantitative approach. Similarly, the study design is quasi-experimental, aimed at a sample of 60 students divided into two groups; group A corresponding to the experimental group where the virtual laboratories were applied for the chemistry class and group B corresponds to the control group. The results obtained demonstrate from statistics, the incidence of the use of virtual laboratories for the teaching-learning process of chemistry in the second year of high school students of the Isabel Moscoso Dávila Educational Unit, taking into account that the value of p = 0.000 which represents that the satisfaction means of the experimental group

The use of podcasts in Latin America and mainly in Ecuador is not encouraging in terms of audience numbers, so it is necessary to educate the community so that they can listen to and produce podcasts. The sample for the study consisted of 34 students in the eighth year of primary school at the Unidad Educativa Remigio Crespo Toral. The experimental design of the study was qualitative and quantitative by means of a survey data collection technique and instrument. The data obtained in the study were processed using the SPSS version 25 statistical package for the Windows operating system. The statistical analyses applied to the samples are descriptive and frequency statistics. It is determined that there is no difference in general, all of them consider above 75% in most of the answers the importance of this educational tool on the classes, being women the most motivated in terms of this educational mechanism, one or one of the female students. Since they were anonymous surveys, they did not consider its use to be useful, and it would be convenient to investigate future mechanisms so that it can be used to attract the students' attention.

The present study aims to analyze the way in which gamification influences as a support strategy for the reading-writing process. Gamification is a teaching method that uses techniques such as games to help the understanding of various topics. An observation was made in a reading-writing class before and after gamification. The population was 34 students of the second grade of Unidad Educativa "Juan Bautista Vásquez". It was found that prior to gamification, students do not pay much attention to reading and writing. Gamification promoted their attention to reading and writing. These results support the results of many other studies that assert the benefits of gamification in the classroom. It is concluded that the students grasp the knowledge better when they are made to participate in the dynamics that are presented to them.

Introducción: La diabetes Mellitus (DM), es una enfermedad crónica, incurable, de carácter multifactorial, que se caracteriza por la presencia de hiperglucemia, que altera diferentes órganos del cuerpo humano y que afecta a personas de diferentes grupos etarios en el mundo. Objetivo: Conocer el nivel de riesgo de padecer Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en personas que acuden al Centro de Salud Universitario de Motupe de la ciudad de Loja. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo, de corte transversal en una muestra de 30 personas acuden a consulta al Centro de Salud Universitario de Motupe, se usó la prueba “Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK)” el cual se encuentra validado y tiene un alto grado de confiabilidad con un coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach de 0.78, conformado por 8 variables referentes a los factores de riesgo. Resultados: El 33,3% de la población presenta un riesgo ligeramente elevado, seguido del 26,7 % que presentan un riesgo bajo y un 16,7% de la población presenta un rango moderado y alto, finalizando con 6,7% que presentan un rango muy alto de padecer DM2 en los próximos 10 años. Conclusiones: El nivel de riesgo más representativo es el ligeramente elevado, en donde las variables que representan más riesgo son la actividad física y el índice de masa corporal, mientras que las variables de edad y consumo de frutas y verduras son aquellos factores que de seguir en un buen nivel van a actuar favoreciendo en la prevención de la Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2   Palabras clave: diabetes mellitus, hiperglucemia, complicaciones de la diabetes Tipo 2, Adulto, obesidad, síndrome metabólico   ABSTRACT Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic, incurable, multifactorial disease, characterized by the presence of hyperglycemia, which alters different organs of the human body and affects people of different age groups in the world. Objective: To know the level of risk of suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) in people who attend the Motupe University Health Center in the city of Loja. Methods: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study in a sample of 30 people attending the Motupe University Health Center, the "Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISK)" test was used, which is validated and has a high degree of reliability with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.78, made up of 8 variables referring to risk factors. Results: 33.3% of the population presents a slightly high risk, followed by 26.7% that present a low risk and 16.7% of the population presents a moderate and high range, ending with 6.7% that have a very high rate of suffering from DM2 in the next 10 years. Conclusions: The most representative level of risk is slightly elevated, where the variables that represent more risk are physical activity and body mass index, while the variables of age and consumption of fruits and vegetables are those factors that should be followed. at a good level they will act favoring the prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Keywords: diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, complications of diabetes type 2, Adult, obesity, metabolic syndrome

Introducción: La vacunación es un mecanismo importante para la prevención de enfermedades, sin embargo, se pueden presentar reacciones adversas que generan incertidumbre o dudas en la población. Objetivo: caracterizar los eventos supuestamente atribuibles a la vacunación e inmunización (ESAVI) de COVID-19 en niños y niñas de 6 a 11 años. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, con una muestra censal de 308 niños de 6 a 11 años, con la administración de dos dosis de la vacuna Sinovac, con un intervalo de 28 días, se usó un instrumento en el cual se recolectó información que permitió caracterizar los Eventos Supuestamente Atribuibles a la Vacunación e Inmunización. El seguimiento de los niños vacunados se lo realizó mediante llamada telefónica y examen físico. Resultados: el dolor es la reacción local más frecuente, presentándose en el 52,92% de los niños, mientras el efecto adverso sistémico que predominó fue fiebre con el 8,77%. Estos son manejados generalmente con analgésicos y medios físicos; por lo que normalmente se resuelven dentro de las 48 horas posvacunales en la mayoría de los casos y en un mínimo porcentaje, duran hasta los 3-4 días posteriores a la vacunación. Conclusiones: las reacciones adversas que se presentaron después de la administración de la vacuna fueron leves, demostrando ser seguras. La sintomatología se pudo manejar de forma intradomiciliaria y mediante técnicas simples (medicamentos y medios físicos) y la resolución de los ESAVI no fue más allá de los 3 días en la mayoría de los niños vacunados. Palabras clave: evento adverso, vacunación, COVID-19, niño.     ABSTRACT Introduction: Vaccination is an important mechanism for the prevention of diseases; however, adverse reactions may occur that generate uncertainty or doubt in the population. Objective: to characterize the events supposedly attributable to COVID-19 vaccination and immunization (ESAVI) in boys and girls aged 6 to 11 years. Methods: quantitative, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study; whose sample consisted of 308 children aged 6 to 11 years vaccinated against COVID-19, it was used an instrument in which it was collected information that allowed characterizing the Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination and Immunization. The follow-up of the vaccinated children was carried out by telephone call. Results: pain is the most frequent local reaction, occurring in 52.92% of children, while the predominant systemic adverse effect was fever with 8.77%. These are generally managed with analgesics and physical means; Therefore, they normally resolve within 48 hours after vaccination in most cases and in a small percentage they last up to 3-4 days after vaccination. Conclusions: the adverse reactions that occurred after the administration of the vaccine were mild, proving to be safe. The symptomatology could be managed in home and by means of simple techniques (medications and physical means) and the resolution of the ESAVI did not go beyond 3 days in the majority of the vaccinated. Keywords: adverse event, vaccination, COVID-19, child.