Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This research work identifies the treatment of the news published in the printed media “El Mercurio de Cuenca” newspaper, during the beginning of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19. It will possible to identify how the news published in this media were structured and which journalistic genres were more recurrent. The methodology used in this study will be the qualitative approach and the content analysis method. The technique for data collection: physical documentary review, analysis of printed newspapers from April 20 to May 3, 2020, and semi-structured interviews with experts. This work seeks to know according to the Law of Communication in which freedom of information is mentioned, how readers have the right to receive, seek, produce and disseminate information by any means in a timely and clear manner during the initial period of the Pandemic, especially in Cuenca.

The development of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes is three to one or two to one, respectively, compared to the general population. In this context, it is necessary to investigate the efficacy shown by evidence-based psychotherapeutic approaches, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, to treat them. Therefore, the objective of this bibliographic review was to present the available evidence on the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy applied in the treatment of depressive symptoms in adult patients with diabetes; for which, a search was made of the scientific articles published, in spanish or english, between 2014 and 2021. Using the keywords "Depresión", "Depressive", "Terapia Cognitivo Conductual", "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy" and " Diabetes”, a total of eight Randomized Clinical Trials were found in the PubMed, Google Academic and Web of Science databases, which investigated people over 18 years of age who had a diagnosis of diabetes and symptoms of depression measured through a psychodiagnostic tool. Results suggest that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an effective treatment to reduce depressive symptoms, diabetes-related distress and anxiety symptoms, as well as to increase adherence to medication, self-care behaviors and perceived well-being in patients with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. However, it is not possible to generalize the results because the included articles do not mention the process they followed to determine the samples; furthermore, the intervention protocols used are heterogeneous in terms of: number and time of sessions, treatment objectives, techniques, and application modality (individual or group).

El objetivo del presente trabajo estuvo dirigido a conocer la situación del comercio informal en los espacios públicos de la ciudad de Ambato. La metodología aplicada fue de enfoque cualitativo con un diseño transversal no experimental, se aplicó una encuesta a 1565 personas que realizan actividades laborales y que no están registradas que circulan alrededor de 10 sectores comerciales de la ciudad. Entre los principales resultados, se encontró que los días de venta informal en su mayoría son los lunes con un 20%, por ello, se obtuvo que el 47% labora el día completo, entre los productos a comercializar se destacan que el 26% vende verduras y hortalizas y el 15% ropa de vestir, por otro lado, los lugares de más comercio fueron la Primero de Mayo y sus alrededores (33%), la Tomas Sevilla (25%) y Mercado Modelo (17%) y la ganancia de un comerciante autónomo no regularizado en el 78% es de $ 50 a la semana. Se concluye que el comercio no regularizado es permanente en todos los días de la semana, pero prevalece los días de feria en la ciudad de Ambato. Además, en lo referente al horario es prevalente durante todo el día, los productos que más se comercializan son la verduras y hortalizas seguido de las frutas y productos preparados, el lugar donde más se concentra el comercio es en la zona céntrica de la ciudad.

La libertad conforma un elemento esencial en el ser humano, fundamentado en elementos donde se destaca la dignidad y el libre pensamiento, convirtiéndose en la edificación acerca de los derechos universales ciudadanos. El principal desafío que atraviesan los pueblos, se encuentra en la revitalización entre democracia y dictadura, ya que se entrelazan derechos insustituibles hacia la actuación de las personas alrededor de los entornos institucionales, sociales y políticos. El objetivo del estudio, es interpretar que sistema político se encuentra instaurado en Cuba, tomando en consideración la contextualización del totalitarismo como sistema doctrinario dominador sobre los derechos humanos. El paradigma es postpositivista de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo documental. Los resultados indican la prevalencia de un régimen totalitarista cubano, dado las acciones que emprende el Estado bajo innumerables violaciones de los derechos humanos y la rigidez política donde un líder se cree responsable y dueño de la vida del ciudadano. Las conclusiones denotan coercitividad que castiga diversas maneras conductoras de contrariedad. Representa una transmisión que permanece donde no se le permite al poblador libertades políticas. El totalitarismo refleja la intervención hacia la libertad de los seres humanos.

Providing education with high quality standards is the most important and far-reaching objective in universities around the world, since quality education provides more than social recognition, strategic positioning in world rankings and classifications. This desire has penetrated deep into the educational institutions themselves, including teachers, authorities, and students, since they usually use it as a specification or characterization of HEIs. For this reason, the states define accreditation and/or quality assurance systems that guarantee society high standards in the provision of educational services. In Latin America and in general in today's world, quality assurance systems have evolved, in some cases becoming consolidated. This article deals with the main strengths, characteristics and limitations of the sister country of Cuba, given its particularity due to the political and democratic system that they experience. The research is of an exploratory - descriptive type, since through the in-depth review of articles, books, manuals and regulations of the object of the research, good management practices, their benefits and limitations are evidenced.

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la relación entre el uso de herramientas colaborativas en la educación virtual dentro del proceso enseñanza - aprendizaje en estudiantes de bachillerato. La presente investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo y de tipo correlacional, la muestra de estudio fue de 108 estudiantes de primero y segundo de bachillerato. Se aplicó una encuesta compuesta de 5 categorías como son sociodemográficos, educación virtual, herramientas colaborativas, conducta y emoción y preguntas abiertas. Para la interpretación de resultados se tomó en cuenta una pregunta de cada categorías y seis preguntas de la información sociodemográfico. Se concluye que en la educación virtual el empleo de herramientas colaborativas por los estudiantes es utilizado con frecuencia, además, se determinó una relación entre la educación virtual y la asociación entre la opinión general sobre el uso de las herramientas colaborativas, sin embargo, el nivel de correlación fue bajo.   

In Ecuador, older adults are considered to be older than sixty-five years of age, which is why this research aims to identify threats and vulnerabilities, evaluate the response capacity of the staff that cares for the older adult population and develop action protocols for adverse events for priority care groups (elderly) of the Guaranda gerontological center. Developing a model for the inclusion of the elderly in Risk Management programs that will provide caregivers, family members and decision makers with how to act in an emergency. Thus, knowing the current situation of this vulnerable group to include them in programs on risk management at the community, institutional level. The techniques used for the development of the project were: literature review in books, internet, field trips to the study area and information gathering through surveys and interviews with older adults participating in this inclusion model who are between 60 and 85 years of age. The invisibility of older adults is usually the object of their health conditions or their age, which means that their needs are not taken into account through a solution for their rights. We make known our model of inclusion for older adults to be included in the preparation and design of risk management plans. Over time, this has been a topic of much discussion since older adults today have laws that support them in all their rights, the constitution of the Republic of Ecuador named as the Law of the elderly and the technical regulations for the elderly.

Reversed innovation is a pedagogical approach that can be employed in both interactive (technological) and face-to-face settings, and is used to deliver group and personalized learning activities. When integrated into frugal strategic processes, transformations related to mentality changes, knowledge consolidation and improvements in academic performance are obtained. The objective of the work is to improve student performance and in turn the educational quality, thus contributing to the fulfillment of the SDGs proposed by UNESCO. The methodology is descriptive with a mixed approach. The techniques used for data collection were the survey with its questionnaire instrument of questions executed online through Google Forms. Interviews with teachers were also carried out to obtain greater analytical depth. The results denote that the educational scenario in which technological tools came to mark the metamorphosis as a result of the arrival of the pandemic, is propitious to venture into and merge digital elements in accordance with those results that until now and, based on the teacher's experience, have been satisfactory within the school learning process. The conclusions highlight the importance of delving into the benefits offered by frugality, whose main objective is to carry out reengineering actions to identify and discard what does not add value to the processes.

Adolescents and older adults have been the most vulnerable population groups in the COVID-19 pandemic regarding mental health. The objective of the work that is exposed is to identify anxiety in the young adult population of 18-35 years of the Vinchoa parish, Guaranda city, Bolívar province, Ecuador due to the health situation experienced, which brought the increase in stress manifestations, depression and psychosocial problems presented at the individual, family and social level due to confinement during the pandemic. It constitutes a cross-sectional quantitative study developed from December 2021 to February 2022, the sample consisted of 203 people who met the age requirement in addition to their explicitly declared predisposition to participate; The IDARE test is applied as a measurement instrument for anxiety. The "Encourage your mind for a good morning" program is developed, which consisted of visits to each community, accompanied by the doctor from the health center, where the preferences of activities for each community are identified, these being sports and Predominantly artisan creation, on this basis and the results obtained from the aforementioned test, talks and sports activities were carried out as forms of recreation; The program concludes with an open house at the parish health center where the participants exhibit their craft products resulting from their collective creation. 68.47% of the study sample is identified with a high state of anxiety.

With the appearance of the pandemic, the educational units belonging to the Guaranda canton began to have drastic changes, being largely responsible for the migration of students, which affected the budgets of each of the institutions. The objective of the research is to identify the main causes that originated the massive educational migrations and their relevance and influence when they are analyzed with the health decisions made by the Ecuadorian State as a result of the pandemic that, in some way, impacted the socioeconomic environment of the canton. . The methodological approach is quantitative, field, non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional. The technique used was the survey through the design of a questionnaire applied to 403 parents of the educational units (UE) investigated. The results denote that the reduction of students in the 2020-2021 school year in the private educational units of the Guaranda canton has been quite considerable compared to 2019-2020, observing a 31% decrease in students in the Santa Mariana de Jesús EU, 7% in the UE García and 30% in the Jesús de Nazareth School of Basic Education. This is produced by the economic affectation that the pandemic has caused in each of the families in the sector. The conclusions allow us to see that the causes of migration are derivatives due to the decrease in family income, business closures and suspension of transportation and the decisions made by the national executive.