Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

One of the main challenges in the development of plant-based meat analogs is replicating the physicochemical and textural properties of conventional processed meat products. This issue has gained relevance due to the increasing global demand for alternative protein sources. Among these, plant proteins have achieved broad acceptance owing to their availability, functional versatility, and suitability for incorporation into diverse food matrices, such as plant-based burger patties. Moisture content and retention are critical quality parameters in the formulation of plant-based burger patties, as they directly influence consumer perception of freshness and overall product quality. juicy mouthfeel, which is characteristic of traditional meat-based patties. Nevertheless, moisture addition should be carefully evaluated, as an imbalance with the product´s structural texture can negatively affect sensory perception. The incorporation of water-holding ingredients is one of the most effective strategies to reduce water loss during the processing of plant-based burger patties. These ingredients—mainly hydrocolloids and plant-based protein isolates—exhibit a strong affinity for both free water and the structural components of the food matrix. However, the proportion and interaction of these water-holding agents must be carefully evaluated, as they may also introduce formulation challenges or compromise other functional and nutritional attributes of the final product. To investigate these effects, the present study evaluated formulations containing water (85% – 90%), pea protein isolate (5% - 10%), and a commercial hydrocolloid (5% - 10%) using an extreme vertices mixture design. The results indicate that hydrocolloid concentration significantly influences the water content of fried plant-based burger patties, resulting in a softer texture. However, this higher moisture content is also linked to an increased fat absorption during frying, with fat levels rising more than 15%. Furthermore, increasing level of added pea protein isolate improves in-vitro protein digestibility (thereby contributing to an enhanced nutritional profile. However, increased protein levels also lead to higher shear/compression force values (>300 N), negatively affecting texture. These findings highlight the dual impact of water-holding ingredients on the physicochemical and nutritional attributes of the plant-based burger patties. Therefore, precise adjustment of hydrocolloid and protein isolate concentrations is essential to optimize the balance between texture, moisture retention, fat content, and nutrient availability.

Abstract Introduction: Ecotourism in wetlands aims to promote environmental conservation while generating social and economic benefits through community participation. This approach enhances local empowerment and fosters a sense of ownership over the ecotourism project. Objective: To assess the socio-ecological and infrastructural characteristics for the development of a community-based ecotourism program in the village of Caimital, Malambo. Method: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative phase included four field visits during which a checklist was applied to assess ecotourism-related infrastructure in the Ciénaga de Malambo (CM), focusing on road conditions, availability of terrestrial and fluvial transportation, and the presence and quality of local services such as gastronomy and handicrafts. In the quantitative phase, 45 structured surveys were administered to heads of households living closest to the CM. The survey was divided into three sections: socioeconomic characteristics of the community, environmental conditions of the wetland, and community perceptions of a potential ecotourism program. Additionally, documentary analysis was conducted to contextualize the socio-environmental background of the study area. Results: The findings indicate a high level of community acceptance (90%) for implementing a community-based ecotourism program involving the CM, with a clear preference for economic benefits. However, significant limitations were identified in road infrastructure and fluvial transportation, as well as environmental issues such as pollution and the depletion of fishing resources in the CM. Conclusions: In conclusion, ecotourism is presented as a viable alternative for sustainable development in the CM, provided that adequate coordination between the different actors involved in the territory is guaranteed.

Introduction: Commercial management in industrial environments faces challenges related to high competitiveness, digitalization, and the need to build long-term customer relationships. In this context, the Urdaneta Business Architecture emerges as a comprehensive model that structures commercial processes into sequential phases, thereby strengthening business sustainability and productivity. Objective: To analyze the implementation of the Urdaneta Business Architecture in five Latin American companies, with the purpose of identifying its impact on market identification, segmentation, value proposition design, consultative sales execution, and post-sales follow-up. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted on publications from 2020 to 2025 available in the Scopus database, complemented by five corporate reports and interviews with commercial managers. The information was organized according to the five phases of the model, allowing for a transversal analysis of results. Results: The application of the model enabled the companies to reduce commercial dispersion by focusing on strategic sectors, achieve customer segmentation rates above 70% in three cases, and improve the proposal-to-contract conversion rate within a range of 15% to 25%. Likewise, two companies consolidated a cultural shift toward consultative selling, attaining a 20% increase in key customer retention. Post-sales monitoring showed heterogeneous progress, with two firms reaching satisfaction levels above 85%. Conclusions: The Urdaneta Business Architecture proved to be an effective framework for evolving from generalist practices toward consultative, focused, and value-oriented processes, contributing to sales growth, customer loyalty, and commercial sustainability in industrial markets.

This study evaluated the effect of adding humus to the standard culture medium on the biomass production of Spirulina spp. The main objective was to determine whether supplementation with humus could enhance the yield and quality of the biomass compared to the standard medium. A comparative experiment was set up, cultivating Spirulina spp. in two media: the conventional standard medium and the same medium enriched with a specific concentration of humus. Variables such as growth rate, cell concentration (cells.mL⁻¹), biomass concentration (g.L⁻¹), protein content, and pigment composition were monitored throughout the cultivation period. The results revealed that the standard medium supplemented with humus showed a significant increase in growth rate and biomass production compared to the standard medium. Additionally, an increase in protein and antioxidant content was observed in the medium with humus. In conclusion, the addition of humus to the standard medium proved to be an effective strategy for enhancing both the production and quality of Spirulina spp. biomass. This finding suggests that humus can serve as a valuable supplement in culture media for the commercial production of Spirulina spp., offering benefits in terms of yield, nutritional value, and reduction of costs in medium preparation.

Background and objectives: This article analyzes the comprehensive assessment and enhancement of the sustainable management of Agricultural Production Units (APUs) in the departments of Atlántico, César, and Magdalena in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The main objective is to identify challenges and opportunities for enhancing agricultural sustainability and propose appropriate strategies within a local context. Methods: The research employed a mixed methodological approach, incorporating APU diagnosis; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis; and structured surveys administered to agricultural producers in each department. Moreover, secondary sources were employed to assess sustainable agricultural practices and key environmental variables. Findings: APUs in the Caribbean region face significant challenges, including limited access to technology, inefficient soil management, and scarce water resources. In Atlántico, 40% of producers lack education in soil studies. In Cesar, 30% of soils are degraded. In Magdalena, 70% are affected by salinization. These results emphasize the need to adopt agroecological technologies and strategies adjusted to the local context to ensure agricultural sustainability and resilience. Conclusion: This study highlights the urgency of implementing comprehensive strategies that consider regional specific

Introduction: The transition to a sustainable energy model has positioned green projects and clean energy as global priorities. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of trends and challenges in this domain, offering a comprehensive view of the research landscape from 2002 to 2024.Objective: To analyze research trends on green projects and clean energy worldwide, using a bibliometric approach to identify predominant study lines and key contributors. Methodology: Using Scopus data, 122 documents from 96 sources authored by 344 contributors were analyzed. The study assessed scientific productivity, leading sources, prominent authors, key institutions, and emerging keywords. Results: The findings reveal an annual growth rate of 7.59% in scientific output, with China leading global productivity, followed by India and the United States. The Journal of Cleaner Production and Resources Policy were identified as the most influential journals, while IBN Tofail and WSB universities emerged as key institutional contributors. Taghizadeh-Hesary F was recognized as the leading author. Keywords such as “sustainable development,” “renewable energy,” and “green projects” dominate the scientific discourse, aligning closely with global sustainability goals. Conclusions: This study underscores the critical role of clean energy in combating climate change and facilitating the global energy transition, providing valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and project managers.

This article explores the demand for innovation services by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), with the aim of leveraging the capabilities of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and innovation transfer and support entities in the Department of Cauca, Colombia. Through the Fusióni3 Cauca project, a model was developed and proposed to identify and categorize the innovation services demanded by MSMEs, evaluating their impact on business competitiveness. The results reveal that MSMEs demand services in four fundamental pillars: i) continuous improvement, ii) technology management, iii) product development, and iv) market positioning. These services address the primary challenges faced by these enterprises, providing them with a greater likelihood of adopting sustainable practices that foster long-term innovation and enhance their competitiveness at both the regional and national levels.

The health’s right is a human right protected in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and in international treaties. However, it does not seem to comply with the principle of progressivity and there are problems with interdependent rights. In this context, the general objective of this research is to analyze the situation of the reality of the health’s right in Mexico from the period of 2019-2023 through the method of legal dogmatics since the constitution of 1917. And from the obligations established in the constitutional reform of 2011, of the protection of international treaties, as well as the real possibility of justiciability. The results of the investigation indicates that there is a setback in the protection of this right, the change from Seguro Popular to INSABI reduced considerably the protection of a significant percentage of the population despite of the fact that the State must demonstrate that it carried out all the necessary measures and relevant actions to achieve compliance with these rights. Regarding justiciability, specific examples are already observed for the enforceability of this right through the jurisdictional bodies, in which is important, although it is still insufficient.

The welfare state is the most advanced way for any state and for the members of society itself so that men and women reduce the problems of inequality, injustice, exclusion, distinction. The consequence of work represents that it is socially useful, dignified and decent, therefore it is the social equalizer that determines that for the population of workers, it is the basic guarantee with respect to obtaining the minimum welfare rights to which the productive, active life of work entitles them, as well as the total fullness of those same standards of well-being that guarantees other benefits. derived from who was the employer, be it company, government, considering that in the labor transition that in a few years they will be older adults; in Mexico, while the labor society is aging with the social dimension of a problem that deepens every day. The welfare state, covers or will cover, today in the present or the future the people, Mexico, are inserted in the formality or informality of labor.

In this essay we expose the characteristics of the penal models in the constitutional State and in the neoliberal State. The criminal models of the constitutional State aim to be guarantees, they advocate for a minimum criminal law, and of act. However, the prevailing economic model of domination —the neoliberal one—, prevents the realization of guaranteeing penal models. In the neoliberal State, criminal law largely distances itself from human rights and democratic principles. It is a model that promotes police-military states, criminal law of the enemy, states of exception that target vulnerable communities, and categories such as informal preventive detention that deny any basis of the constitutional State.