Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: drug addiction is considered a public health problem and is associated with delinquency and violent behavior. Objective: to determine the relation between early maladaptive schemas, depression and drug use in persons deprived of liberty in intrapenitentiary treatment with the therapeutic community modality. Method: non-experimental and cross-sectional research in a population conformed by 114 male users deprived of liberty. The instruments used were the Beck Depression Inventory and early maladaptive schemas and drug use questionnaires. Results: the schemas that correlated with drug use in persons deprived of liberty were failure, subjugation, sacrifice, insufficient discipline and grandiosity, and those that increased the risk of drug use were dependence/incompetence (RR = 3.375, I = .418, S = 27.227), vulnerability (RR = 3.375, I = .418, S = 27.227), failure (RR = 2.500, I = .306, S = 20.453) and unattainable standards (RR = 2.294, I = .279, S = 18.860). Discussion and conclusions: it was found that early maladaptive schemas in the prison population are related to and increase the risk of drug use, therefore these results have applications for the prevention and treatment of drug use in persons deprived of liberty.

Introduction: in a recent study, it has been reported that adolescents who presented risky and harmful alcohol consumption show lower levels of gaudiebility (enjoyment modulators) than their consuming peers, but without risk. But in this study a one-factor gaudiebility scale for adults was used, and recently a new scale for children and adolescents has been published that is multifactorial (consistent with the construct). Objective: to study the relationship between the level of gaudiebility and the risky and harmful consumption of alcohol in adolescence using a new scale that presents adequate construct validity. Method: a sample of 464 adolescents (53.7% women) with a mean age of 15.99 (SD = 1.29), with risky and harmful consumption of alcohol and consumption without risk, was used. The GSCA (Gaudiebility Scale for Children and Adolescents) and AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) were administered. Results: the group with risky and harmful alcohol consumption did not show a mean in the level of gaudiebility (or with the factors) different from that observed in the group with non-risky alcohol consumption. Only the interest factor of the GSCA scale showed a negative and significant correlation with risky and harmful alcohol consumption, but this was very low. Discussion and conclusions: research suggests that the level of gaudiebility in adolescence is not a risk factor for an adolescent to present a risky and harmful consumption of alcohol. In future research, it is proposed to study the relationship between alcohol dependence and gaudiebility.

Introduction: information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on the Internet have generated great benefits for society, but it has also strongly promoted behavioral addictions, such as pornography addiction. The use of pornography is not a problem, but the truth is that its abuse causes harmful effects on people’s physical and mental health. Objective: this article analyzes the use, but with special emphasis on the harm caused by abuse and addiction to pornography. Likewise, the first Mexican scale is proposed to preliminarily measure addiction to pornography. Method: reliability was evaluated through Cronbach’s Alpha and construct validity through Exploratory Factor Analysis. Results: a structure of 5 factors was detected: Emotion, Difficulties to control, Arousal (masturbation), Tolerance and Withdrawal, with a Kaisen-Meyer-Olkin value of .860 and the Bartlett sphericity test was 1015,688; gl = 325; p = .000. Discussion and conclusions: therefore, it is concluded that the EMAP (Addiction to Pornography Scale) for Mexican men and women is valid and reliable for research purposes.

Introduction. This article presents an overview of the dynamics of alcohol consumption, mainly among young people and minors, as well as the tax policies and behaviors of the alcoholic beverages industry in the Americas, with a focus on Brazil, Colombia and particularly in Mexico. Introduction: this article presents an overview of the dynamics of alcohol use, mainly among young people and minors, as well as the tax policies and behaviors of the alcoholic beverage industry in the Americas, with a focus on Brazil, Colombia and particularly Mexico. Objective: to expose the preferences, habits and dynamics of alcohol use among minors and young people; to analyze the access and availability of beverages with high ethyl content and low price in Mexico City; to examine tax policies from a social and public health perspective; to propose recommendations to prevent underage consumption and reduce it in at-risk populations. Method: a qualitative methodology was used through nine focus groups composed of an average of 20 young men and women in areas and situations of high social and economic vulnerability in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia; as well as field verification research in distribution centers and areas of interest for the analysis of the phenomenon. Results: the need to implement a comprehensive and multisectoral solution strategy to carry out the necessary reforms and actions in terms of health, taxes and advertising was identified, in addition to incorporating measures that impact supply and demand, and enforce the prohibition of sales to minors. Discussion and conclusions: it is necessary to rethink alcohol tax policies in some countries of the region; as well as to modify certain regulatory frameworks that limit physical and media exposure to alcohol in young populations. Method: A qualitative methodology was used on nine focus groups made up of an average of 20 young men and women in areas and situations of high social and economic vulnerability in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia; as well as a verification investigation in the field research in distribution centers and areas of interest for the analysis of the phenomenon. Results: It was identified the need to implement a comprehensive and multisectoral solution strategy was identified to carry out the necessary reforms and actions in matters of health, fiscal policy, and advertising, in addition to the need to incorporate measures that affect the supply and demand, and to enforce the prohibition for alcohol vending to minors. Discussion and conclusions: It is necessary to rethink alcohol tax policies in some countries of the region; as well as modifying certain regulatory frameworks that limit physical and media exposure to alcohol in young populations.

Los trastornos por consumo de sustancias adictivas han demostrado tener una clara base genética y epigenética (Matus Ortega et al., 2012; Ruíz Contreras et al., 2010; Sanz, 2015). Se ha estimado que los factores genéticos pueden explicar entre 40% y 60% del desarrollo de la adicción, aunque la gran cantidad de polimorfismos encontrados dificulta la identificación de marcadores genéticos específicos (Kendler et al., 1994; Matus Ortega et al., 2012). Los genes son las unidades básicas funcionales de la herencia genética, se calcula que los seres humanos tienen entre 20 mil y 25 mil genes. El ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) es el material hereditario de los seres humanos y se encuentra en el núcleo celular, pero también una pequeña parte se localiza en las mitocondrias. En promedio, las secuencias de ADN de las personas son un 99.9% iguales, la variación del 0.1% representa tres millones de diferencias en los casi tres mil millones de pares de bases en la secuencia de ADN (Genetic Alliance, 2009). Esas diferencias contribuyen a variaciones evidentes como el color de ojos, cabello y altura, y a otras no evidentes como el mayor riesgo o protección de ataques cardiacos, cáncer, demencia o adicción a sustancias.

Los últimos dos años han representado un periodo sin precedentes a nivel mundial a causa de la pandemia por COVID-19. Miles de millones de personas han visto un cambio drástico en su estilo de vida y, más aún millones han perdido la vida. Para algunos científicos se trata de un trauma colectivo (Masiero et al., 2020; Provenzi et al., 2021). En este contexto cabe preguntarse, ¿qué efecto tendrá a corto y a largo plazo en niños, niñas y adolescentes el confinamiento, la violencia vivida al interior de los hogares, el miedo a enfermar, la inseguridad económica y la muerte de varias personas en un periodo corto de tiempo?

During the COVID-19 confinement from the end of March to June 2020, variations in the population’s alcohol consumption were found. However, several information sources in Mexico indicated a decrease in their consumption; in those people who increased their consumption, more significant symptoms of depression and anxiety were presented.

ResumoA pandemia de COVID-19 introduziu mudanças profundas na forma como as pessoas se relacionam, devido a fenómenos como o confinamento. Podemos, então, questionar que efeitos teve nos padrões de consumo de substâncias psicoativas (SPA’s) e nos hábitos de convívio social por parte dos jovens e jovens adultos frequentadores de contextos recreativos. Nesse sentido, este estudo teve como objetivo possibilitar uma melhor compreensão destes novos padrões, bem como a antecipação da preservação, ou não, destes num futuro pós pandémico. Para a realização deste estudo foram realizados inquéritos a maiores de 18 anos frequentadores de contextos recreativos e/ou utilizadores de SPA’s, onde se inquiriu sobre de que forma as fortes limitações sociais se repercutiram nos padrões pessoais. O tratamento de dados consistiu na análise das frequências de resposta a cada questão, bem como uma análise estatística, recorrendo à ferramenta SPSS, em que se cruzou as respostas com possíveis parâmetros que as pudessem influenciar (como o género, idade, .. de cada ator). Assim, foi possível notar um desinteresse pela maior parte das SPA’s, em especial pelas party drugs, fortemente associadas a contextos festivos. Num futuro pós pandémico, antevê-se uma preferência no convívio em espaços exteriores e uma maior preocupação com a segurança e higiene, bem como uma preservação das alterações efetuadas nos padrões de consumo e higiene associadas às práticas de consumo. Através da análise estatística foi possível concluir que viver com a família é um fator previsor da manifestação de alterações nas práticas de consumo e na previsão de preservação das alterações no convívio social. A utilização de SPA’s ilícitas é uma variável igualmente previsora destes campos, assim como de alterações efetuadas na frequência e quantidade de consumo. Observou-se ainda que inquiridas/os com idade entre 24 e 29 anos têm menor probabilidade de manifestar alterações nos padrões de consumo.Palavras-Chave: Covid-19; contextos recreativos; padrões de consumo; substâncias psicoativas. AbstractCOVID-19 pandemic introduced profound changes in the way people interact, due to phenomena such as confinement. We can, therefore, question the effects on consumption of psychoactive substances (SPA's) patterns and social interaction habits of young adults who attend recreational contexts. In this sense, this study aims to enable a better understanding of these new patterns, as well as anticipating the preservation, or not, of these in a post pandemic future. In order to accomplish this study, surveys were conducted among people over 18 years old, who attend at recreational contexts and/or are users of SPAs, in which it was asked how the social limitations affected their patterns. Data treatment consisted in an analysis of responses frequencies of each question, as well as a statistical analysis, using SPSS program, in which the responses are crossed with parameters that could possibly influenced them (such as gender, age, … of each person). Thus, it was possible to notice a lack of interest in most SPAs, especially in party drugs, strongly associated with festive contexts. In the post-pandemic future, it is anticipated a preference on outdoor spaces and a greater concern with safety and hygiene, as well as preserving the changes on consumption patterns and hygiene associated with consumption practices. Through statistical analysis, it was possible to conclude that living with the family is predictor of the manifestation of changes in consumption practices and the prediction of changes’ preservation on social habits. The use of illicit SPA's is an equally anticipatory variable in these domains, as well as the changes made in the frequency and quantity of consumption. It is also observed that respondents aged between 24 and 29 years are less likely to show changes in consumption patterns.Key-words: Covid-19; recreational contexts, consumption patterns; psychoactive substances.

This article makes a radiography of the significant experiences of the public institutions of San Francisco de Asís, elementary level B, Gualmatán, elementary level and basic primary, and Tumac, vocational high school, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such radiography evidences the experiences in each of the regions of the ways in which the institutions adapted to the new conditions of virtuality and remote education, caused by the health emergency. In the study, a qualitative methodological route and instruments were used to collect information such as the short semi-structured interview with a triple entry table, in which the categories and indicators derived from the research experiences were organized, in order to determine those that influence significantly on students and their families. The strategies used by the teachers allowed the students to promote different types of learning within their homes, as well as literacy in the use of Information and Communication Technologies. On the other hand, permanent self-assessment facilitates a record of learning and behavior of each member. Despite the shortcomings in connectivity, synchronous and asynchronous communication is constantly achieved, which positively influences the socio-emotional development of educational communities during the time of remote education.  

This article gives an account of the sociodemographic data and the participation of the productive sector in updating the curricular design of the Systems Engineering program at Corporación Tecnológica Industrial Colombiana in the Mosquera region. The program has a vision of sustainability that is applied from training skills to learning outcomes. Additionally, it is an example of an educational proposal supported by preparatory propaedeutic cycles for higher education institutions. For this article, quantitative research was conducted through a documentary analysis of a feasibility study, data was collected using evaluation instruments, and then the data was described statistically. With this, it was possible to determine the relationship between the educational offer for systems engineers and the social need of a high-quality learning education focused on the development of technical, methodological, participatory and ethical skills. Such education will allow the future graduates to practice their profession competently in a globalized context. Subsequently, it was possible to verify that there is a relationship between both the technological skills and the quality of service provided by the graduates and their knowledge and the labor field. The latter evidences that the curricular content needs to be updated and developed within the training process to continuously improve higher education institutions that offer propaedeutic cycles in Colombia.