Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This text is part of epistemological and methodological constructions and reflections that are aimed at helping understand contemporary psychosocial phenomena. It addresses a concern for the reductionism and simplification implied in the disciplinary approach and, from the perspective of modern science, the psychosocial and political research problems that summon us. Based on this concern, we propose dialogues-debates that allow us to build reflective principles that we can use to move towards understanding these phenomena from a perspective of complexity. For this reason, at first, we recount what the perspective of complexity is and its two main aspects: complex thought (generalized) and the sciences of complexity (restricted). Second, we present our own approach to complexity, namely: a bio-psycho-socio-political construction that resorts to the complex conception that we have of what human is and of everything that is circumscribed in the experience of humanity. Finally, we consider that we cannot conclude, but rather present some final considerations that allow us to highlight the urgency of moving towards other paradigms that help us understand human and non-human phenomena, taking into account their complexity and the need to think about them in a complex way.

The objective of this article is to present a bibliometric review of the topic of strategic prospective, revealing its schools, tools, scientific production, the journals with the largest publications, and the related areas of knowledge. Likewise, the VOSviewer software was used to study the collaboration clusters between countries, invisible schools, collaboration between authors and the most frequent keywords. Through the Scopus database it was possible to find 410 research documents in the period between 2006 and 2021. As the main finding of this research, five collaboration clusters were found between countries and relations of keywords with higher frequency with innovation that make it possible to establish new lines of prospective research in this kind of environment.

The insertion of workers in employment and their professional performance must consider a multiplicity of factors that affect their satisfaction, ranging from their vocation to their physical, social, and obviously economic work context. The purpose of this article is to analyze the variables related to academic training and professional activity, to glimpse influential aspects from the perspective of Neuroscience. This research is non-experimental, transversal, inductive and has a quantitative approach. The information was collected through physical surveys carried out on 2,172 people between the ages of twenty-five and eighty residing in Quito, through probabilistic sampling, applying a 30-question questionnaire. The main conclusion is that more than half of the participants would have wished to study something different to what they studied and that a third part of them performs tasks different to their academic training. In addition, they state that they have an excessive burden of work commitments, and point to the economic aspect as the main cause of labor mobility. Also, there is demotivation and there are no favorable conditions to maintain or increase motivation. The application of Neuroscience in factors such as teamwork motivation, human talent management, management of work environments, learning of operational and managerial activities, accident prevention, job reintegration and other aspects that contribute to better job performance would be significant.

The aim of this article is to analyze the motivations that adolescents have for their learning process, from the conception of goals, expectations and values-interests. The researchers relied on the theoretical references of Tapia (2005), Rohlfs Domínguez (2016) and Rabino Oliver and Serra Desfilis (2018), among others. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach and a cross-sectional field design. The population under study is made up of 540 adolescents, students from six schools in the city of Quito, who are in the eighth, ninth and tenth grades of higher basic education. The instrument used was an online questionnaire, answered by 75% of the population. Therefore, the sample was established at 405 adolescents. This study is included in a larger one that is under development, therefore the results that emerge from it will be of a preliminary nature. Once the questionnaire was applied and the corresponding analysis was conducted, it was possible to conclude that the motivation that mostly responds to the students’ learning is related to expectations with 77.5% (average), followed by values-interests with 61.3 % (average) and, in third place, motivation related to goals with 47.5%.

Introducción: A nivel mundial la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso se encuentra en aumento, no obstante, en Europa la obesidad y el sobrepeso se ha triplicado en los últimos veinte años, así también se estima en América Latina, la prevalencia de sobrepeso es del 58%. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos ecuatorianos residentes en la serranía ecuatoriana. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Los datos analizados fueron recopilados por la en encuesta nacional ENSANUT-2 018. Se incluyen 35 001 adultos de las 11 provincias de la serranía ecuatoriana. Resultados: El 41.8% (n=14 629) presenta sobrepeso, el 15.71% (n=5 498) obesidad I, el 3.59% (n=1 258) obesidad II y el 0,63% (n=222) obesidad III. La provincia con la mayor prevalencia de sobrepeso es Imbabura con el 44.4% y la provincia del Carchi tuvo el mayor porcentaje de obesidad tipo I, tipo II y Tipo II con el 22.1%, 5.19% y 0.95% respectivamente. Conclusiones: En los últimos 20 años el Ecuador ha aumentado la prevalencia obesidad y sobrepeso, donde figura de las provincias de la Sierra del Ecuador, Imbabura como la provincia con más número de casos de sobrepeso y la provincia del Carchi con los tres tipos de obesidad.

Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad viral aguda transmitida a través de la picadura del mosquito Aedes aegypti, manifestándose con distintos signos y síntomas característicos, siendo más frecuente en climas tropicales y subtropicales, debido a su incremento en los últimos años en el mundo, el personal médico debe estar capacitado para identificar la presentación clínica y métodos diagnósticos. Objetivo: Describir información actualizada y resumida a la comunidad científica para mejorar la praxis médica actual, con respecto a las manifestaciones clínicas y métodos diagnósticos del dengue. Metodología: Es una revisión narrativa, se desarrolló una búsqueda bibliográfica con las palabras claves: “características clínicas y dengue" y "métodos diagnósticos y dengue”. Las bases de datos utilizadas para la búsqueda de los artículos incluyeron: PubMed, SciELO, SpringerLink, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Dialnet, entre otras. Resultados: Se identificaron 59 investigaciones entre artículos originales, revisiones bibliográficas y casos clínicos, de los cuales 31 cumplieron con los criterios para ser incluidos en la revisión bibliográfica. Discusión: El cuadro clínico puede cursar de manera asintomática, presentarse con síntomas leves similares a la gripe o cuadros de hemorragias graves potencialmente mortales; con respecto a los métodos diagnósticos existen métodos eficaces como: RT-PCR, serología de anticuerpos, PCR, antígeno de la proteína no estructural, LFT y aislamiento del virus. Conclusión: El dengue es un problema de salud pública que requiere atención y actualización de información sobre sus aspectos clínicos y diagnósticos, con el fin prevenir su alta morbilidad y mortalidad.

Introducción: En la actualidad la alimentación juega un papel fundamental dentro de la salud, existen un sin número de enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus con prevalencias crecientes en el Ecuador. Desarrollar nuevos productos que ayuden a prevenir este tipo de enfermedades es sin duda un tema en innovación que la academia debe abordar. El extracto de cabuyo por su alto contenido de fructooligosacáridos, es considerado como un alimento funcional prebiótico, adecuado para mantener una buena salud con dieta natural. Objetivo:  Diseño de una bebida a base de extracto de cabuyo (Agave americana) con bajo índice glicémico. Metodología:  Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, con diseño experimental factorial. Se propuso cuatro tratamientos, cuyos factores fueron las cantidades de extracto de cabuyo y pulpa de maracuyá. Resultados:  El análisis ANOVA realizado a las variables carbohidratos, pH y grados brix, dio como resultado diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p valor p < 0.01) entre los tratamientos.  El tratamiento dos, elaborado con extracto de 75% cabuyo y 25% pulpa de maracuyá fue el que obtuvo los mejores resultados en la comparación de perfiles de sabor, obteniendo una buena aceptación. Conclusión: Se diseño una bebida a base de extracto de cabuyo que reemplazó el azúcar obteniendo un producto funcional apto para el consumo de personas diabéticas y para la prevención de la enfermedad en personas sanas.

Introduction: The world faces a public health emergency due to SARS-CoV-2, which has spread to unusual levels due to its virulence characteristics. Therefore, the associated morbidity and mortality depends on the immune response of the patient. Vitamin D3 is directly related to the immunomodulatory response, acting as a protective factor against risk and aggravation by SARS-CoV-2; since the relationship between vitamin D3 deficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome and thrombotic episodes has been evidenced. Objective: To carry out a literature review on the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and vitamin D3 deficiency with mortality derived from this disease. Methodology: A non-systematic bibliographic review is carried out in database sources with current evidence available in PubMed, Cochrane, Science-Direct, Elsevier, Wolters Kluwer, The Lancet, among others. Results: 40 articles in Spanish and English from the last four years are included that meet the defined inclusion criteria and that are requirements of interest for the fulfillment of the objective of the study. Discussion: Vitamin D3 plays an important role in the immune response, increasing the defense capacity of the individual against pathogens through the modulation of the inflammatory response, so its supplementation could be of great benefit against SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The anti-inflammatory actions of cholecalciferol decrease the cascade of cytokines that are released, which can significantly improve the symptoms of people infected with COVID-19. However, more research is still needed to corroborate its beneficial effects.

Introducción: La mayor susceptibilidad de los adultos mayores al COVID-19 radica que son más propensos a padecer enfermedades subyacentes que impiden la capacidad del organismo para combatirlas, recuperarse y la respuesta inmunitaria se disminuye con los años. Metodología: Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, se investiga las características generales y de contagio a 1018 adultos mayores y su alimentación en una submuestra de 310 individuos, la información fue obtenida por universitarios y los casos registrados en el Servicio Nacional de Gestión de Riesgos y Emergencias del Ecuador. Resultados: La mayoría son de la sierra, de 65 años y más y son tanto del área urbana como rural. El 26% se han contagiado de un familiar y el 48% no saben quién los contagió, el 20% de ellos se han quedado en casa con cuidados de médico particular, han utilizado analgésicos, antipiréticos, antiinflamatorios y corticoides entre otros, de los cuales el 52% han fallecido. En la evolución de los casos de contagio, se observa que mientras la tendencia a nivel nacional sube ascendentemente, en los adultos mayores hay una disminución a través del tiempo. La alimentación refleja un déficit del 70 al 80% de adecuación en calorías y macronutrientes siendo los más afectados del sexo masculino. Con esta pandemia se manifiesta haber perdido la sensación de tranquilidad y se sienten inseguros sobre lo que pasará en el futuro. Conclusión: Aunque los adultos mayores tienen grandes riesgos fisiológicos que potencian el contagio, todos los grupos poblacionales están afectados por el COVID-19.

Introduction. Several factors have influenced the epidemiological evolution of the pandemic, it is essential to understand what effect vaccination has produced in the midst of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Objective. Analyze the epidemiological effect that vaccination against COVID-19 has had on Ecuador. Methodology. A search for information has been carried out in organizations internal and external to Ecuador to contrast the evidence found, in addition, search engines and virtual libraries of scientific articles have been used to acquire a better knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine and its impact, where it has been chosen the highest quality information. Data analysis has been carried out using observational methods to express measures of frequency and association. Outcome. A strong correlation has been found between community immunity and the cumulative effect of vaccination with the decrease in the number of infections and the number of deaths due to COVID-19. The epidemiological behavior of the pandemic and the effect of vaccination on it have been analyzed from March 1, 2020, to September 19, 2021. Discussion. Vaccination has been a modifier of the epidemiological effect of COVID-19 and the quality of public policies have a direct effect on the health of the population by achieving community immunity. Conclusions. The creation of appropriate public policies has been one of the causes of an accelerated generation of community immunity in Ecuador, especially regarding the "9/100 Vaccination Plan" which can be exported to other countries for its proven effectiveness.