Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originated and detected for the first time in Wuhan (China). During prenatal development, a fetal planning will be created that will determine both the health and the disease of that same subject throughout its extrauterine life. One of the main prenatal events that can alter the well-being of the unborn fetus is exposure to a virus. Objective: to identify the main prenatal care and neonatal risks associated with SARS-CoV2 infection in obstetric patients, in order to provide updated information on suggestions for possible cases of infection. Methods: The research is narrative descriptive, analyzing databases such as Up to Date, Pubmed, SciELO, Science Direct, International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Spanish Journal of Public Health, NCBI, The Lancet vol 382, año 2018, CDC, Karger Journals, etc. Results: A total of 40 bibliographies were analyzed, from which a total of 36 information sources were selected, obtaining a result of 9 original studies, 2 case series, 21 bibliographic reviews, 2 government guidelines and 2 epidemiological reports. Discussion: There is no evidence to suggest that pregnant women are more likely to contract COVID-19 compared to the general population; however, they are at risk of a more serious infection and should exercise extra caution, especially if they are more than 28 weeks pregnant, or have pre-existing conditions such as chronic hypertension and diabetes, as these are associated with maternal death in infected pregnant women. Conclusions: Pregnancy predisposes to a more serious infection in pregnant women, therefore monitoring should be carried out both in the mother and in the fetus, in addition to the fact that the treatment will depend on the state in which the patient is, the SARS- COV infection increases the possibility of premature births and fetal death.

Introducción: La COVID-19 es responsable de diversas alteraciones en la coagulación que pueden empeorar con el uso de anticonceptivos. Asimismo, su empleo presenta relación con el mayor riesgo oncológico para algunos tipos de cánceres, pero con cierta protección frente a otros. El padecer cáncer representa un mayor riesgo de enfermar por COVID-19; pero no se ha señalado la presencia de una asociación entre el uso de anticonceptivos hormonales, la COVID-19 y el riesgo oncológico. Objetivo: Identificar características fundamentales de riesgo oncológico e infección de COVID-19 entre usuarias de anticonceptivos hormonales. Métodos: Estudio correlacional, descriptivo y sistemático, basado en una revisión de 42 documentos entre los años 2020-2022, que contienen información clara y concreta respecto al tema, en inglés y español. Resultados: De un total de 50 artículos hallados, fueron seleccionados 42 documentos, en los idiomas de inglés y español, que cumplen apropiadamente con los criterios de exclusión e inclusión. Discusión: El suministro de anticonceptivos debe realizarse previa evaluación de riesgos tromboembólicos y oncológicos. Los pacientes con cáncer presentan mayor predisposición a contraer COVID-19 y presentar sintomatología grave, pero no existe evidencia de si el uso de anticonceptivos, inciden en la presentación o pronóstico del cáncer en las pacientes infectadas con este virus. Conclusiones: No existe evidencia que determine una correlación de aumento de riesgo oncológico en pacientes usuarias de anticonceptivos con infección por COVID-19.

Introducción: La anticoncepción se define como la prevención de la concepción mediante el uso de distintos anticonceptivos como el caso del preservativo al cual se ha incorporado el grafeno y la nanolubricación, el primero que corresponde a una capa ultrafina de átomos de carbono que le brindan una mayor resistencia a la vez que permite reducir el grosor del mismo además de brinda mayor resistencia Objetivo: Describir las principales características y beneficios que tienen los preservativo de grafeno y nanolubricados como método anticonceptivo de barrera. Método: La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó usando las palabras clave “preservativo grafeno" y "preservativo nanolubricados". Se usaron las bases de datos: PubMed Central, ResearchGate, BioMed Central, Elsevier, Medigraphic. Se identificaron 42 investigaciones entre artículos originales y revisiones bibliográficas con la información, de los cuales 33 cumplieron con los criterios para ser incluidos en la revisión. Resultados: La implementación del grafeno a la confección de los anticonceptivos presenta importantes beneficios con riesgos mínimos por lo que su uso masivo seria de utilidad en el medio de la anticoncepcion Conclusiones: El progreso de la tecnología ha hecho posible el desarrollo de condones a base de grafeno y nanolubricados que prometen ser el futuro de los preservativos, brindando mayor protección y sensibilidad.

Introduction: Pre-surgical malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease increases the rate of complications and delays cardiac surgery; however, there is no consensus on pre-surgical nutritional schemes or on the optimal nutrition to meet their metabolic needs. Objective: To describe the currently available literature on optimal nutritional therapy in infants with congenital heart disease during the preoperative period. Methodology: Narrative review according to PRISMA. We searched for articles on nutrition in infants with congenital heart disease prior to surgery, published in English and Spanish (2000 - 2021), in the Medline, Pubmed and Cochrane databases. Results: 770 articles were available, of which 25 original articles met the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: malnutrition is more frequent in infants with heart disease. Oral feeding is better than enteral tube feeding because the latter does not stimulate motor and sucking skills. Breast milk is the main source for enteral nutrition in the first six months of life; however, the use of infant formula also helps to increase energy needs, which are commonly increased according to heart disease.

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder of great importance because it affects the quality of life of those women who suffer from it. The pathogenesis of insulin resistance and vitamin D insufficiency are associated with a predisposition to PCOS, which is considered one of the most frequent endocrine disorders in women worldwide, with a prevalence of 5-15%. Methods: The present investigation is of a narrative or non-systematic type in which a rigorous search was carried out in different databases such as: Science Direct, Redalyc, PubMed, Scielo, UpToDate, Google Scholar, etc. and Spanish. Discussion: 73% of women with PCOS manifest vitamin D deficiency which is related to insulin resistance since 50% of women with PCOS present hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance with alterations in carbohydrate metabolism and increased fasting glucose. Together, vitamin D deficiency and insulin resistance can cause infertility, hirsutism, preterm delivery, gestational bacterial vaginosis, gestational diabetes, and early menopause. Conclusions: The supplementation and treatment with vitamin D in PCOS could have a beneficial effect on the different metabolic alterations and that improves insulin sensitivity, testosterone levels, ovulation parameters and ovarian folliculogenesis.

Introducción: Seis de cada diez ecuatorianos padecen de sobrepeso y obesidad, situación que preocupó al gobierno ecuatoriano implementando la política de estado para agregar un sistema gráfico de etiquetado de alimentos, con el propósito de educar y concientizar a la población acerca del contenido nutricional de los alimentos procesados. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto del sistema gráfico de etiquetado nutricional sobre el consumo de alimentos procesados en sujetos con sobrepeso. Metodología: Estudio no experimental de tipo transversal; aplicado en 60 personas seleccionadas mediante muestreo por conveniencia. Se estudió el impacto del sistema gráfico de alimentos a través de los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la población, se tomaron medidas antropométricas, de composición corporal y características sociodemográficas. Se aplicó una encuesta estructurada con las variables de estudio. La información fue analizada con el software JMP 11.0. Resultados: La mayor parte de la población tenía una edad comprendida entre 20 y 40 años, el 76,67% fueron mujeres. El IMC promedio fue de 28,33kg/m2, la masa grasa corporal de 33,29% considerada en exceso. La relación existente entre los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas y el sistema gráfico de etiquetado indica que los conocimientos son altos, las actitudes son favorables y las prácticas inadecuadas por presentar un consumo muy frecuente de alimentos altos en azúcar, frecuente de alimentos altos en grasas y un consumo poco frecuente de alimentos altos en sodio. Conclusiones: El sistema gráfico de etiquetado no tuvo un impacto significativo en el nivel de consumo de grasa, azúcares y sodio en los pacientes con sobrepeso.

Parental stress is enhanced according to the magnitude of the problem that their children with autism manifest, be they physical or psychological, and the time they last, the present investigation aims to determine the relationship between the severity of autism in children under 12 years old and levels of depression and stress of their mothers and fathers, the study was carried out in a sample of 31 caregivers of people with Autism from the Riobamba canton, Chimborazo province. The research is descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional and non-experimental, it lasted 10 months, starting in October 2018. The research techniques were a sociodemographic - socioeconomic survey and the scales of the autism assessment scale (CARS), inventory for Beck depression and Parental Stress Index Brief Form (PSI/SF). Among the main results, a high number of mothers responsible for the care of their children stands out, with a higher level of education or third level and economic income above the basic salary in their majority, all children under 12 years of age have Autism, the majority have mild autism, all mothers / fathers have a medium level of stress. Finally, it is concluded that there is a relationship between the level of autism presented by children under 12 years of age with respect to the level of stress of their mothers/fathers, which does not occur with respect to the level of depression; Therefore, the importance of formulating psychological care guidelines and promoting social support networks is highlighted.

Introduction: At the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China, the origin of a new infectious disease with high zoonotic capacity called COVID-19, whose etiology lies in the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was reported. This disease has spread worldwide, increasing the number of infections and deaths exponentially. This has led to the absence of specific drugs for its treatment; however, to date, its therapeutic management is based on the repositioning of clinically approved drugs. Objective: Analyze the effectiveness of the pharmacological therapy used in the management of COVID-19, substantially analyzing the published evidence and its risk-benefit balance. Methodology: Narrative bibliographic review, whose information has been obtained from scientific databases with restriction of articles published in the last 2 years. Results and discussion: A total of 80 scientific articles were reviewed, of which a selection of 46 was made, which met the proposed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Several classes of drugs such as antivirals, antiparasitics, immunotherapy, antihistamines, antihypertensives, antibiotics, corticosteroids, antiplatelet agents, vitamins, bronchodilators, among others, have proven to be effective in the treatment and drugs with antiviral activity are evaluated. Conclusion: Despite the fact that most studies have shown promising results in relation to several of the pharmacological therapeutics described against COVID-19, there is little scientific evidence to support their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Introduction: Child malnutrition is a prevalent problem at the world and national level that has been increasing over the years, the contribution of energy and other nutrients could contribute to improve this condition through the creation and development of easy-to-consume food products and versatile. Nutrition bars could be one of the options. Objective: To develop a nutritional bar as an alternative to combat child malnutrition. Methodology: A qualitative-quantitative experimental factorial study was carried out. Four treatments were carried out whose ingredient variations were made based on quinoa and oats compared to a control product. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates were determined, as well as the flavor profile. ANOVA analysis was run to study differences in the nutritional profile of the treatments. Results: Both energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates were significantly different between treatments (p <0.001). Treatment one made with 40% quinoa and 60% oats turned out to be the best option since it presented better shape, flavor, structure and size. Characteristics very similar to the control. Conclusion: Treatment one obtained better organoleptic and sensory characteristics, very similar to the control. It obtained a better nutritional profile with less carbohydrates and better fat and protein than the control, which is why it may be an option for consumption.

La rápida propagación del COVID-19 ha originado una pandemia, impulsando la creación y realización de diferentes métodos preventivos en respuesta a esta situación, entre ellos el desarrollo de vacunas. En Ecuador hasta febrero de 2021 los casos superan los 271 mil, con más de 15475 muertes, mismos que aumentan diariamente, en el país se ha iniciado la administración de vacunas Pfizer/BioNTech. Objetivo: Evaluar la aceptación que tiene la población ecuatoriana ante la vacuna de COVID-19. Método: Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal. La población de estudio fueron ecuatorianos de 20 a 64 años, con una muestra de 841 personas obtenida mediante un muestreo no probabilístico en bola de nieve. Resultados: El 42% de los encuestados fueron hombres y el 58% mujeres. La mediana de edad está comprendida entre los 38 y 46 años. El 90% se consideró mestizo, 31% aseguran haber completado estudios universitarios. El 45% de los encuestados cree que la vacuna provocará efectos adversos. El 52% si está segura de vacunarse apenas llegue la vacuna. El lugar de procedencia de las vacunas que más confianza tiene la gente fue Europa. Finalmente, el 95% de los ecuatorianos encuestados continuarán manteniendo medidas de bioseguridad tras recibir la vacuna. Conclusiones: Gran parte de la población considera que la vacuna resultaría eficaz, pero cerca de la mitad de los encuestados no sabe o niega querer vacunarse, suponiendo que muchos mencionan que tendría efectos adversos para la salud.