Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective was to fit a non-linear model (NLM) to evaluate the growth curve in purebred (PB) Limousin cattle and in five degrees of crossbreeding (DCBs: 1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 15/16, 31/32 Limousin). Live weight, the birth weight interval at 500 d of age, was analyzed. Four NLMs were evaluated: Brody, Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic. Growth parameters were estimated: adult weight (ADW); growth rate (GR); age (AIP; months) and weight (WIP; kg) at inflection point; age (months; A50M) to reach 50 % maturity and degree of maturity at 15 mo (DM15). The growth curve in DCB was characterized using the NLM selected for BP. The best-fitting model was Bertalanffy. The ADW for purebred (PB) males was 566.1, for crossbred (CB) males it was in the range of 446.9 to 527.4; for CB females it was in the range of 374.5 to 419.9, and for PB females, it was 443.0. The NLMs exhibited correlations below -0.75 between ADW and GR. In PB heifers, AIP was estimated at 3.7, and WIP, at 131.2; in CB heifers, AIP and WIP were in the ranges of 2.9 to 3.7 and 110.9 to 124.4, respectively. A50M for PB females was 10.6, and for CB females, within the range of 8.9 to 10.5. DM15 for CB females, the average was 90.5 %, and 87.9 % for PB females. PB males reach A50M at the age of 13 mo.

Context: the processes of selection and acquisition of technology in companies and especially of software, have been a relevant activity that permeates not only the internal structures of production but also the financial scenes, which is why this stage must become increasingly important. in organizational scenes, a case that highlights the main research source of this article, determining as an objective “to design a strategic model to allow the establishment of guidelines that contribute to the software acquisition process in an organization”. Method: this is how the way to achieve this objective is based on complementary and articulated strategic actions that, from the methodological point of view, are observation, interviews, consultations and systems engineering methods, the standard methodologies used to the analysis, implementation and documentation of systems engineering methods, the standard methodologies use to the analysis, implementation and documentation of systems, without converting the results into summary tables, but into documents that allow the creation of the strategic producto of project. this methodological activity refers to a critical, participatory, militant or action-oriented approach, since the software selection process is conceived as a historical process, from the organizational instances, and ideological from the technological instances, such an approach underlines the understanding practice of the selective act and becomes strategic rationality and standardization for said selection and acquisition. Results. As a result of the investigation, a strategic approach is obtained for decision-making in the effective acquisition of software within an organization. Concussion: The main result of the research is a strategic methodological route, to be applied in the processes that involve effective decision-making when acquiring software applications by an organization. This research process was fully funded by the University of Caldes.

Context: A set of options is proposed to help determine the most appropriate method to correct in databases of appreciable size, initial conditions of missing data and that will be used in research processes.   Methodology: This article addresses a proposal for the development and management of robust databases such as financial records, focusing from the Knowledge Discovery in Data bases (KDD) process. Results: A methodology is developed and tested using three imputation techniques in a database built from 1,253,280 financial records of 2,238 companies that represent seven years of their economic activity in the town of Chapinero in the city of Bogotá D.C. Conclusions: A comparison of the imputation methods is carried out as a determining factor for the choice of the imputation method and consolidation of the base for later use. Financing: Fundación universitaria Los Libertadores

Context: Polyps are protruding masses that grow along the intestinal tract and are considered to be the main precursors of colorectal cancer. In early stages, polyp detection represents a survival probability of up to 93%, whereas, for other stages, this probability can decrease to 8%. Despite the fact that colonoscopy is the most effective method to detect polyps, several studies have shown a loss rate of up to 26% in detecting polyps. Computer tools have emerged as an alternative to support polyp detection and localization, but various problems remain open due to their high variability. Method: This work introduces a computational strategy that produces visual attention maps with the most probable location of polyps to generate alarms and support detection procedures. Each colonoscopy frame is decomposed into a set of deep features extracted from pre-trained architectures. Such features are encoded into a dense Hough representation in order to obtain a polyp template, which is then propagated in each frame to obtain a visual attention map. The maximum regions are back-projected to the colonoscopy in order to draw suspicious polyp regions. Results: The proposed strategy was evaluated in the ASU-Mayo Clinic and CVC-Video Clinic datasets, reporting a detection accuracy of 70% among the four most probable regions, while ten regions yielded 80%. Conclusions: The obtained attention maps highlight the most probable regions with suspicious polyps. The proposed approach may be useful to support colonoscopy analysis.

Context: The theory of economic growth consider that the construction sector boost the level of economic activity in the long-run, especially in emerging economies such as Colombia. Nevertheless, this hypothesis may not be true for intermediate cities such as Popayan, since the economic dynamics are not similar to those of large cities. Method: Initially, an autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) and a vector error correction model (VMCE) are implemented to find the long-run relationship; subsequently, a vector autoregressive model (VAR) and an autoregressive model with exogenous variables (VARX) are used to characterise the relationship in the short-run by using economic cycles supported on Kalman Filter. Results: The results showing although the construction sector fosters the economy as Currie (1993c) predicted, this relationship for State of Cauca is significant in the short-run, but not in the long-run. Conclusion: As there is evidence of an opposite causality going from the state GDP to the GDP of construction, we infer that this sector is not leader in the level of economic activity in the State of Cauca.

Objective: Design an LSTM recurrent neural network to predict the average value of the temperature variable and thus evaluate the network's ability to obtain values ​​similar to the EWMA weighted moving average calculations for individual measurements. Methodology: 1768 records of individual temperature measurements were obtained by a sensor, in the data set called: Gas sensors for home activity monitoring data set. The temperature data was plotted on an EWMA exponential weighted moving average control chart, in order to obtain the process mean values ​​and to identify that the process was within statistical control. Subsequently, an LSTM neural network was trained to a training sample of 1184 data with a backpropagation algorithm that allowed obtaining values ​​similar to EWMA, which were validated in a test sample of 584 temperature Results: The design of a neural network with a unit in the entrance door, 4 units in the forgetting door and 1 unit in the exit door trained with the Backpropagation algorithm allowed to calculate values ​​very close to those represented in the EWMA control chart. with an MSE of 1.1405e-04. Conclusions: LSTM neural networks are a good alternative for calculating EWMA values, when it is required to make statistical control of a process that generates a large amount of data obtained from measurements and there is no software to process them. Financing: Fundación universitaria Los Libertadores

Objective: To identify the current state of knowledge regarding the concepts related to research processes, applied research, technological development, experimental development and innovation and its relationship with training processes, in order to obtain and/or strengthen relevant skills. demanded by the current information and knowledge society, for this, it also deepens and analyzes the different definitions that are found regarding competence and its application in current educational processes in the environment of a globalized and interconnected society. Methodology: The research, according to the approach given by Jacqueline Hurtado de Barrera from the perspective of the holistic research methodology, is proposed from a descriptive work, with a design, according to the origin of the data, of a documentary type, according to the temporality of the study, it is framed as transactional, likewise, according to the criterion of breadth of focus, it is considered multivariable and according to the criterion of data manipulation, it would be non-experimental, likewise, the approach is qualitative, applying the documentary review technique and the instrument, analysis matrix and sources registry. For the development of this research, a systematic review was carried out based on the search in different databases and sources of information of a scientific and academic nature, where keywords and Boolean connectors were applied for their adequate segmentation and collection of information during the window. of observation from 2015 to 2022. In the same way, in this work two types of analysis were carried out, one oriented to the co-occurrence of words and the other to co-authorship of the countries of affiliation of the authors through the VOSViewer software. Results: It was identified that both the concepts related to applied research and experimental development and those related to competencies have different characteristics and approaches according to the perspective being analyzed, which can range from a business point of view through a academic perspective and ending with a more humanistic look, everything results in proposing structured definitions that strengthen the knowledge of the complex interactions of the subject with the object and how from these interactions, the subject can improve its context. Conclusions: It was possible to identify that the contribution of applied research activities and experimental development through educational processes oriented to formative research can strengthen the skills demanded by the current society, information and knowledge from different dimensions, that is, from the generic competencies made up of basic competencies and transversal competencies up to specific competencies framed mainly by technical competencies specifically related to their area of ​​training.

Objective: This research presents a novel multi-criteria methodology that allows evaluating two asphalt materials used in the paving sector, aiming to provide guidelines for selecting a material under a sustainable profile. This methodological tool allows evaluating characteristics and indicators associated with the behavior of an asphalt mixture in an integrated and consistent way as well as with environmental impact. Methodology: A sustainability parameter associated with the study of two materials from the paving sector was obtained. The main characteristics of a hot asphalt mixture and a cold mixture under the same contour conditions were evaluated. Regarding the multi-criteria model, the concept of decision theory was taken, supported by the MIVES methodology and the utility function, thus allowing to evaluate and compare the indicators proposed for this analysis case. Results: The sustainability index was obtained for the two materials studied. The cold asphalt mixture obtained a value of 0,76, representing an overall better performance in the three axes analyzed (environmental, economic, and operation). On the other hand, the hot mixture obtained an index of 0,57, a value inherent to a less positive response than the cold mixture. Conclusions: The developed methodology allowed for the incorporation of variables and indicators of different units of measurement and diverse nature. Obtaining a sustainability index in asphalt materials represents a significant advance in the application of multi-criteria methodologies.

Objective: The Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) approach integrates artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the learning process through collaboration and information and communication technologies (ICTs). In this sense, innovative and effective strategies could be designed for learning computer programming. This paper presents a systematic mapping study from 2009 to 2021, which shows how the integration of CSCL and AI supports the learning process in programming courses. Methodology: This study was conducted by reviewing data from different bibliographic sources such as Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), ScienceDirect, and repositories of the GitHub platform. It employs a quantitative methodological approach, where the results are represented through technological maps that show the following aspects: i) the programming languages used for CSCL and AI software development; ii) CSCL software technology and the evolution of AI; and iii) the ACM classifications, research topics, artificial intelligence techniques, and CSCL strategies. Results: The results of this research help to understand the benefits and challenges of using the CSCL and AI approach for learning computer programming, identifying some strategies and tools to improve the process in programming courses (e.g., the implementation of the CSCL approach strategies used to form groups, others to evaluate, and others to provide feedback); as well as to control the process and measure student results, using virtual judges for automatic code evaluation, profile identification, code analysis, teacher simulation, active learning activities, and interactive environments, among others. However, for each process, there are still open research questions. Conclusions: This work discusses the integration of CSCL and AI to enhance learning in programming courses and how it supports students' education process. No model integrates the CSCL approach with AI techniques, which allows implementing learning activities and, at the same time, observing and analyzing the evolution of the system and how its users (students) improve their learning skills with regard to programming. In addition, the different tools found in this paper could be explored by professors and institutions, or new technologies could be developed from them.

One of the problems of the state governments is the lack of resources to operate the economic life; the solution, among other matters en hand, is to raise the collecting capacity in an impartial and equitable way without damaging the income of the taxpayers. This study measures the degree of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the agreement whereby facilities are granted for the tax payment on vehicular tenure in the State of Sinaloa concerning its rules of operation, considering that it is used by a finite number of taxpayers, remaining others excluded. The study was addressed from the perspective of the social phenomenon with a mixed methodological approach. On the hand, a structured questionnaire was taken with the scale of Likert and it was descriptive statistics and inferences.The variable social perception is analyzed, the theory suggested was put to the test and it was concluded that the social program has weaknesses, first, of official information. On the other hand, through the flexible and open interview, information was gathered from informants of the Tax and Revenue managements of the main cities in the state: Culiacan, Los Mochis, Mazatlán, Salvador Alvarado and Guasave, emerging an unforeseen variable lack of knowledge of tax revenue in the residents, for the discharge of their obligations.