Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Since the beginning of humanity, the figure of the man had been seen as the head of the household and he was automatically assigned the task of assuming responsibility for the family nucleus, but this has changed and now the woman also assumes this role. In Latin America, 30% of the population is made up of female heads of household and in Ecuador, 33% of the country's women are female heads of household and single mothers. They see the need to emerge either through self-employment, entering the labor market or entrepreneurship and specifically in the case of single mothers from Guayaquil, the profile shows young adult women, with higher education, heads of household, who see the sole proprietorship as the most effective economic alternative to cover their needs, to improve themselves and to generate a source of financing and that is why this research focuses on studying the influence of financial strategies for the development of mothers' entrepreneurship single women from Guayaquil; where it was found that these women also present a series of qualities and characteristics that distinguish them since they enjoy a high degree of tenacity, perseverance, impetus, desire to excel, they are not afraid of risk and the influence exerted by financial strategies to the development of their entrepreneurship lies in the fact that they can orient and guide them in making decisions to generate well-being and improvements in the profitability of their businesses for growth, positioning and sustainability.

This article addresses the right to equality and non-discrimination in the enjoyment of annual vacations, within the different existing labor regimes in the Ecuadorian public sector. On this subject, it is necessary to point out that in the public sector in general, the regulations have established a difference based on the functions entrusted to its employees. Thus, on the one hand, we find the public servant in charge of the administrative and representative functions of an institution, and on the other the workers who contribute with manual activities, each one carrying out specialized and important activities for the fulfillment of institutional objectives. In addition to those differences based on their activities within a public institution, the exercise and enjoyment of the rights acquired as workers are equally protected through the principles of intangibility, inalienability and progressivity in the terms provided within the constitution. By virtue of that, the central objective of this work is to analyze whether there is discrimination or differential treatment in the enjoyment of vacations between public servants or workers in the Public Sector. The main points of analysis were addressed: The labor regime in the Ecuadorian public sector; The public servant and the worker within state institutions; The constitutional amendments to the LOSEP; Comparative legislation of the right to annual vacations that public servants and workers have; Right to formal and material equality and non-discrimination in the workplace. The research methodology used was: Scientific and explanatory.

The ventures turn out to be initiatives of people who in one way or another have a business idea and implement it, generally moved by the economic need of the moment, however, it is not the only way or way in which these initiatives arise, for this investigation. An analysis is carried out on the different financial strategies used by single mothers in their enterprises in the city of Guayaquil. The issue is undoubtedly important since the emergence of this type of business driven by women who, in one way or another, are at the forefront of sustaining the family economy are becoming more and more frequent. There are multiple factors that affect a woman being alone and with children doing the work of being the one who takes the reins of her home, but it is important to know the financial strategies that these women implement to promote, grow and above all maintain this type of business. Due to their characteristics, they are small businesses that come to be the lifeline of many families, who, unable to enter full-time and better paid jobs, these mothers are forced to invent a way to obtain money to cover their own expenses. from a family. The methodology used is of a bibliographic documentary type, carrying out a review of the different works and scientific publications in this regard. It is concluded that the main strategies used are financial education and access to credits that allow financing.

Supporting entrepreneurship reinforces the links with the solidarity economy, which is not only the economy that is supported but also the well-being of the families that carry out these activities. This support must be based on female entrepreneurship, because they must overcome more barriers than men, product of the social and cultural stigma of societies. Single mothers are promoters of empowerment and inclusion. Therefore, this research has the general objective of analyzing the ventures of single mothers in Guayaquil and other Latin American countries. The applied methodology was based on a documentary-type bibliographic design. As a conclusion, in the northwest of Guayaquil there are enterprises out of necessity because they must guarantee the sustenance of the home; Single mothers, who have a high rate of representation in statistics on entrepreneurship, do not escape this reality; his strong entrepreneurial spirit allows his ventures to be developed successfully; however, they require support from various sectors, especially government policies and mechanisms; In the same way, both Ecuador and Colombia present opportunity as motivation for the development of entrepreneurships, the opposite is the case with Peru and Bolivia, where in Peru young entrepreneurs want to undertake based on opportunities, while the adult population achieves it out of necessity. ; In Bolivia, the opposite is the case, it is the adult population that seeks to develop entrepreneurship by opportunity.

The objective of this research is to analyze associativity as a financial strategy for the development of the enterprises of single mothers in Guayaquil. The methodology used is bibliographic design and documentary type where it is intended to describe the operation, the advantages, disadvantages and characteristics of this financial strategy used by single mothers in Guayaquil for their ventures. Associativity refers to the group of people who have come together voluntarily to meet their needs and achieve common economic, social and cultural aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled company. It is necessary that the State and other public or private entities disseminate the financial strategy of associativity with a greater proportion so that single mothers establish ventures and know how they work, what their benefits are, their weaknesses and advantages so that the State can notice greater interest in this group of women capable of achieving their goals and achieving common objectives, such as giving their families a better future, achieving economic benefits and being able to support their gender, obtaining economic, social and cultural empowerment in the country.

The agreements to preserve job sources allow employers and workers to modify the economic conditions of the employment relationship in emerging situations. In this article, the norms of the Labor Code to preserve employment in emerging situations and the regulations that regulate these agreements were analyzed, as well as their incidence in the remuneration of workers. The objective of this investigation was to determine if there is an affectation to the right to remuneration of workers by the regulation of these agreements in Ecuador. The research approach used was qualitative and the study methods were: exegetical to analyze the regulation and its legal relevance, dogmatic to analyze the doctrine on labor rights in the face of the new regulation and historical to verify the legal antecedents that guided the legislator to allow the worker to sacrifice certain labor rights in search of maintaining their source of employment. It was concluded that the workers should not give up their right to remuneration for the preservation of their employment and the regulation of the agreements for the preservation of work sources would be an attack on the rights of the workers.

The Organic Law of Humanitarian Support, published in the Official Registry, Supplement 229, dated June 22, 2020, among other stipulations, instituted measures to face the consequences derived from the health crisis caused by the coronavirus or also called, covid-19. Within this regulation, specifically in its article 19, the figure of the Special Emerging Labor Contract is created, a new type of contract that is added to those already existing in the Ecuadorian Labor Code. Its purpose was to reactivate the economy, improve production in the country and guarantee employment, recognizing rights for both workers and employers. The general objective is to critically review the legal figure of the special emerging labor contract, in order to assess whether said contractual figure has fulfilled the purpose for which it has been created. Points such as the origin and need for the special emerging contract were analyzed; its characteristics, its violation of the principle of job stability and its advantages and disadvantages. A qualitative approach has been applied with scientific methods such as historical-logical, analytical and inductive, and this work was concluded, establishing the advantages and disadvantages of this new contractual modality in labor matters.

The right to work constitutes human dignity that must guarantee adequate employment to adolescent workers, in order to provide them with an integral development. Right, that is contemplated in the Constitution of Ecuador, international treaties, and among them, those signed with the International Labor Organization (ILO). Therefore, both nationally and internationally, various rights of working adolescents have been protected. There are multiple adolescents, in order to satisfy their basic needs, they have been forced to leave their homes, in search of a job, which has not guaranteed their integral development. With the Covid-19 health crisis, more and more adolescents have been forced to look for a job. Being the main points of analysis in this article: 1. Identify the appropriate age to start the employment relationship, 2. The right to work compared to human dignity, 3. Guarantee comprehensive development in the work environment. The central objective of this work is to analyze the violation of the right for working adolescents. This research has a qualitative approach, which uses the exegetical method, to address the legal problem based on the legislative body and the dogmatic method, in order to analyze the problem that adolescents face when getting a job that guarantees their integral development.

This article will investigate the origins, components, and applicability of precautionary measures within administrative procedures. For this reason, we will examine the configuration that has been given to this figure, particularly from the Organic Administrative Code and the doctrine, which will allow us, in a second moment, to refer to the characteristics of precautionary measures, such as the provisional nature, instrumentality and urgency; to finally delve into the processing of the measures within the administrative process. With which the relevance or not of the implementation of some of these measures in favor of the administration will be concluded. 

In recent years, there has been an adequate evolution of planning models in the territories. The methodological changes are evident, through the incorporation of citizen participation instruments and the context of health emergencies that are currently experienced. For this reason, the needs of the territories, as in the case of public works, are significant and feasible, as long as they are consistent with the needs of the population and its growth. The existence of infrastructure works potentiates the social and economic development of the territories, which is why their demand must be planned, participatory and efficiently financed. In this context, it is essential that territorial planning processes specify guidelines that allow public works to be efficient and sustainable, in this case, in the Salinas canton. The applied methodology turns out to be descriptive and correlational. The survey technique was applied based on the dimensions of the study variables, and evaluated through its internal consistency. The study sample was the citizens of the canton, whose representativeness is derived from the selection among all the neighborhoods of this jurisdiction. The main result was the direct (positive) relationship between the variables territorial planning and development plan and planning, which allowed statistically validating how public works should be planned so that they are efficient and sustainable within the land use planning processes of the canton.