Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Active teaching-learning methodologies are new tools for teachers to interact with students from a different and innovative perspective. This article analyzes the incidence of gamification during a Kichwa language class. Knowing that language learning is not fully accepted as it is considered of little value. To this we must add the little diversification of innovative teaching methodologies. A percentage of teachers still use traditional and unmotivating methods that hardly contribute to achieving significant student learning. This research was carried out through an observation sheet to students of the Leonidas Proaño II school in the Community of Monjas in Quinjeo. Quantitative data were obtained and analyzed using the SPSS program. Finally, it was possible to verify that online games, that is, gamification, had a positive impact during class, stimulating students to remember what they had learned to apply it in the activity. Therefore, the teacher was able to know the topics to reinforce.

Currently, social networks allow people to learn and interact with others directly and immediately. Through them, personal interrelationships are produced cybernetically, without the need for physical contact, and even, it is not necessary to know each other. This leads to the massive use of social networks and to the fact that several subjects spend a lot of time browsing through electronic devices such as cell phones and computers in their vast majority. When entering social networks, users provide information of a personal nature and are in a state of violation of their image, photographs, information and personal data found in the profiles of the different existing social networks, therefore, it allows others people, who commit crimes through social networks, which, for the most part, go unpunished for not being able to identify the author of a criminal offense. The objective of this project is to determine the need to determine the need to incorporate into the Comprehensive Criminal Organic Code, what refers to the infractions committed through social networks. The methodology that we propose is descriptive with a qualitative approach, which was carried out through a bibliographic review and scientific journals, in order to obtain the information. we accessed several databases, such as: Scielo, Scopus, Google Scholar, Dialnet and Redalyc; With the data obtained, we used an analysis of a socio-legal nature within the Ecuadorian legal system. In conclusion, we establish the need to incorporate into the Ecuadorian legal system, a special regulation that regulates criminal offenses that are committed through social networks, so that they do not go unpunished and the perpetrator of the crime receives a sanction.

In this article we are going to analyze the violations that exist to the due process, when applying the direct procedure determined in the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code in article 640, reflecting for this on the guarantees provided in the Constitution, the Law, the International Treaties and Conventions. , and the objective proposed in the present study is to determine the violation of due process when applying the direct procedure in our Ecuadorian legislation, consequently referring to the time that the accused is granted to be able to exercise his defense in a correct way and count with the impartiality of the administrators of justice. Well, the methodology applied was of a bibliographic-documentary type, with a descriptive scope, since the criteria of several authors of books, scientific, national and international journals were used, specifically on the violation of the guarantees of due process at the time of applying the direct procedure. The inductive-deductive method was also used, just as the historical method was applied in the revision of regulations, doctrine and jurisprudence to develop scientific research.

The treatment and protection measures for the victim in the Ecuadorian penal system, has been a forgotten issue in previous years, and today with the entry into force of the Organic Integral Penal Code, there have been notorious changes in the issue of protection and treatment of the victim. The purpose of this research was to analyze the current reality of the different norms, codes, regulations and national laws that will allow us to find possible solutions to the misapplication of the law in relation to protection measures and the treatment of victims of criminal offenses in Ecuador. The research was exploratory, descriptive, with a qualitative approach. The method used in this research work was analytical, synthetic, and the technique of bibliographic review was considered through reliable sources collected from national and international journals. Conclusions: treatment and protection measures are aspects that should be considered a priority, since the advance of new societies has inspired the victims to claim with more impulse the free enjoyment of their rights and to be given adequate treatment and protection measures prescribed in the Ecuadorian criminal law in force, so that obliges the administrators of justice to respect and enforce what is stipulated both in the Ecuadorian legislation and in international human rights treaties.

The rights of persons deprived of liberty in the process of social rehabilitation in Ecuador, is a latent problem since in the rehabilitation system there is a constant violation of these rights as a result of bad policies to meet the needs of inmates, lack of resources, and even inadequate staff that do not allow to reach the fundamental objective of rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to analyze the rights of persons deprived of liberty in the rehabilitation process established in Ecuador's criminal law. The methodological strategy was carried out with a descriptive type of research and a qualitative approach, from the bibliographic review through the study of concepts, and analysis of the rights of persons deprived of liberty, as well as the current regulations, in order to describe the phenomenon of study, applying the analytical, synthetic and comparative methods determining the rights that are being violated in the Social Rehabilitation Centers of Ecuador, the factors that influence the violation, generating a proposal aimed at improving the fulfillment of each of the rights of this group of people in their rehabilitation. It is inferred from the results of the research that the rights of persons deprived of liberty are being violated due to the lack of application of constitutional guarantees and international treaties by the state regarding the fundamental rights of this group of priority attention.

In Ecuadorian legislation, at the time that a person is arrested for allegedly driving a vehicle while intoxicated, the judge does not consider that this fact can be framed within the causes of exclusion of illegality, specifically of the state of necessity and, before the non-observance or lack of justification, they grant penalties. Under this premise, the objective of this scientific research was to analyze the state of necessity, in traffic offenses for driving while intoxicated. The methodology that was proposed was descriptive with a qualitative approach, which was carried out through a bibliographic review. To collect the information, the different databases were used, such as: Scielo, Scopus, Google Scholar, Dialnet and Redalyc; With the extracted information, an analysis of a socio-legal nature was carried out within criminal law. In short. The state of drunkenness constitutes an aggravating factor at the time of establishing a sentence, despite the fact that a subject, by protecting a legal asset of greater value, injures another asset of lesser value; that is, it justifies the existence of the state of necessity and therefore, its conduct falls within the grounds for exclusion of illegality

In the present work, it will be carried out in the "Leopoldo Cordero Alvarado" EGB school, in the province of Cañar, Azogues canton, Cojitambo parish, in the community of San Jacinto, with third-year students of Basic General Education, for the need to improve reading deficiency, applying the digital and interactive apps "Syllabic", which will encourage users to learn and practice reading in a dynamic and innovative way. Teachers can apply this resource to reinforce the learning of reading, since it achieves greater concentration and improves their reading skills due to its easy-to-handle content and intuitive access, giving educational use to technological devices such as cell phones, tablets or PC. , you can use these applications without the need to connect to an internet network; We have at least one access to a mobile device for each household, so this technological resource should be exploited to the maximum at home with their parents.

This research work focuses on analyzing the accounting process for the proper functioning of family businesses, created in the Covid-19 pandemic, in the Azogues canton, Cañar Province. It should be noted that business accounting is necessary for any business model, since it will allow them to exercise control and make the necessary decisions to achieve the proposed results. For data collection, the survey technique was applied to 200 inhabitants of the family entrepreneurs, through a questionnaire created in the web application Google Forms. After the information was collected, the respective tabulation and analysis of the surveys was carried out. In order to know the knowledge that the entrepreneurs have about accounting, the inductive method of research work was used for the development of the concepts by breaking them down into their parts, which allowed identifying the deficient knowledge of the entrepreneurs about the general rules and management of the accounting record of their business, since this will allow knowing the possible scenarios and the feasibility that the family businesses work and improve their economic income; having financial and operational sense. The basic accounting structure, including the recording of daily transactions, is the most important contribution of this study since it helps the entrepreneur to have a broader understanding of the company's controls. 

The effectiveness of functional appliances has been studied during the last years, for the correction of class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrognathism fixed and removable functional appliances are used, since they establish muscular balance, eliminate oral dysfunction and allow an adequate length of the mandible, and at the same time the correction of facial esthetics, this type of malocclusion is a frequent condition, suffers more than 50% of the population, it is autosomal dominant, whose treatment is performed during the peak of pubertal growth. The objective is to analyze the existing publications on the effectiveness of fixed and removable functional appliances in mandibular retrognathism.   Articles were analyzed and obtained from three digital databases: PubMed, World Wide Science, BVS.  The literature evaluated the dentoalveolar and skeletal effectiveness of fixed and removable functional appliances in mandibular advancement, independent of the appliance used, and in this review study we sought to elucidate whether functional appliances succeed in stimulating mandibular growth. The removable functional appliances produce greater skeletal changes and lesser dentoalveolar effects such as: increase in mandibular length and chin advancement, in comparison to the fixed appliances there are skeletal changes, but in lesser proportion and greater dentoalveolar changes such as: proinclination and protrusion of the lower incisors.

The main object of the research is to design a total cost control for the production of mashua yogurt, as a competitiveness strategy for the year 2022, according to the qualification of the members’experiences, the organization's requirement and compliance with the regulations established by control entities, for this reason the entity has carried out processes focused only on the sale of its product, leaving aside the control of fixed and variable costs of production for the valuation of finished inventories, for the collection of information the field methodology, dialogue with the partners in charge of the production process, verification of processes, analysis of documentation, the research has been qualitative and quantitative, with the support of bibliographic sources allowed the identification of the raw material, direct labor, and general manufacturing expenses, for the analysis of clear and precise distribution costs such as administrative expenses. assets, sales expenses, and financial expenses, which facilitate pricing strategies, for these aspects it is considered that the application of a total costing or absorption costing system should be implemented in the production process, since the costs of manufacturing are these total variable costs and total fixed costs are part of this, with this it will facilitate accounting control, comply with the Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI), reports to the partners and other control entities, financial administration, and the application of management processes of quality.