Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this article is to analyze the influence that digital marketing has on the loyalty of Supermaxi customers in the city of Machala. The research will have a quantitative methodology, in which 385 people participated out of a total of 119,556 inhabitants between the ages of 18 and 48 according to the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses, with projected population calculations for the year 2022. The results showed that the The digital marketing strategies that Supermaxi uses with its customers have a great impact on their loyalty because the vast majority use social networks and other tools to search for information and promotions from their supermarkets to buy again.

Absenteeism is a factor that affects the work performance of employees of organizations. For this reason, the objective of the study was to determine the relationship between work absenteeism and the organizational performance of the staff of the first level medical units of the Ecuadorian Institute of Social Security (IESS) of Tungurahua. The reports exposed by the IESS, and their causes were analyzed according to the quantitative approach to explain the behavior of the employees and their relational effects with their absence from work. The findings showed that, in 2018, there was a higher rate of absenteeism in relation to the periods 2017 and 2019, and it was estimated that the individual had been absent for different reasons 4 days on average. It is concluded that absenteeism does affect job performance. Therefore, if they generate deficiencies in worker performance and organizational productivity. 

The Hospital del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social del Cantón Portoviejo is a health center that provides care to part of the central coastal area of the country in outpatient, hospitalization, emergency and surgical services, making it an important entity for the region. Therefore, the objective of this article was to analyze the social effects of the shortage of medicines in the IESS hospital in Portoviejo during the year 2020. The methodology was based on a descriptive quantitative approach, with a retrospective design and a documentary level supported by theses and scientific journals. The technique used was a survey carried out by means of two instruments: an interview with 15 workers in the pharmacy area and two questionnaires, one applied to a group of 100 employees from different units and the other to 384 members of the health center. The results showed that there is a constant shortage of medicines, as stated by 84% of those surveyed and 36% of the workers who said that there was never any stock of the drugs needed by the patients; furthermore, 82% said that this situation affects them both personally and in their family environment. It was concluded that among the causes of drug shortages were the distribution chain, storage and handling, problems with suppliers, the increasing demand for some medicines, pharmacists' procurement and delivery policies, lack of planning in purchasing, overpricing, the acquisition of lower-priced products, and circumstantial events such as the pandemic caused by Covid 19.

The modernization of commercial activities is a phenomenon that goes through different processes, be it a slow or abrupt transition, short or long term. The present work focused on analyzing some aspects of the commercial digitization process from the perspective of the arrival of the pandemic, which can be considered as a short-term shock that forced many companies to change part of their production and sale scheme. In this sense, it was changed to analyze this dynamic in the gastronomic businesses of Atanacio Santos street in Ciudadela Primero de Mayo in the Portoviejo canton due to the commercial dynamism, although traditional, before the covid-19 outbreak. In this sense, interviews were conducted to determine if the adoption and digital marketing strategies influenced the maintenance or increase in the level of their sales under some parameters such as digital infrastructure, public promotion and sales strategy. It was found that digitization did add to the increase in the level of sales of the businesses interviewed, for which the mixed approach research stands out, finding a level of descriptive research, observing that the digital infrastructure makes it possible to have a perspective regarding the provision of physical and human capital for the process of commercial digitization.

This research arises from the need to evaluate the environment of children based on biopsychosocial factors and their influence on the efficiency of learning, through neuroscience applied to education; schools face challenges that are not only referred to the academic curriculum, in previous studies it has been shown that education must integrate training with well-being, physical and emotional health. The main objective is to investigate through applied neuroscience the incidence of biopsychosocial factors in learning in school age, using an explanatory qualitative-inductive approach methodology, with a documentary review of twenty-five articles and previous investigations as a data collection technique. data, characteristics that teacher, school and family can apply effectively are described, as a scope a journey is made through learning as a social practice of transformative posture, where the family is a socio-educational agent and contributes by natural association to learning, health, well-being and good nutrition, thus promoting that children maintain interest, motivation and energy for their development in the school environment. The results show that neuroscience studies conducts and behaviors that occur in school coexistence, and that the school climate and motivation are factors related to success in learning acquisition. Concluding that neuroscience reviews the influence of the environment of the human being, sensory reactions and response to these stimuli, in education it is applied to enhance cognitive development and comprehensive learning, although many times some deficiencies can be highlighted and that would negatively influence learning.

This research involves knowing in depth how the use of digital tools influenced the entrepreneurship of Machala in times of pandemic, all this, from the perspective of entrepreneurs, in turn gave as main objective to analyze the importance of the use of digital tools in different ventures, through surveys and research of scientific journals, to determine the feasibility that influences entrepreneurship in times of pandemic. Likewise, in order to analyze the different enterprises in the city of Machala, the sample distribution for the different parishes was applied, which was a key point to use the surveys. For the achievement of the objective, non-experimental quantitative and qualitative research methods were used, since information from several authors was investigated, so this guaranteed the main results on definitions and the importance of the use of digital tools. Finally, the tools in times of pandemic were an indispensable option for the growth of their sales and in turn improve the economy of their business, giving way to their products and services are better known and have greater positioning in the market. 

The objective of this research is to analyze the inclusion of students with motor disabilities in the development of physical activity and sports. The research methodology was based on a documentary design. As results and conclusion, it was obtained that the educational inclusion of people with SEN allows the strengthening of all the people involved, both the peers without SEN and the teachers. Each group acquires knowledge of another and thus knowledge is formed, but above all solidarity and respect for others. However, the reality is different in some societies. When the insertion of students with this type of difficulties has been applied, many teachers have not yet lived this experience, they have not been trained to work with students with motor disabilities, so they do not use techniques and pedagogical strategies to work with them. . In this situation are the teachers of Physical Activity and Sports, who do not have the pedagogical development to involve people with motor disabilities in the evaluation activities of the subject, generating collateral effects of exclusion and rejection. It is necessary that the policies and mechanisms are aimed at strengthening the academic development of teachers in their training and in those who require training. It is important that teachers are involved in the development and training of all students with or without SEN.

The city of Machala is one of the most representative of Ecuador thanks to its commercial dynamics that welcomes a large percentage of workers, but these employees are not usually paid as they deserve, for this reason the human resource works without much desire. The objective of this study is to determine the main causes of demotivation of workers to perform their duties and the work incentives applied by employers, through a quantitative approach study in companies in the commercial sector of the city of Machala. Data collection belonged to the sector dedicated to customer service activities. The methodology that was used obtained results through the use of the theoretical and field base (survey), where 330 people who have work activity in this sector participated, which showed that the majority of companies belonging to this sector do not do the use of the different existing motivation techniques. With this case it will be possible to demostrate that in these companies work incentives are used very little, so it is possible to affirm that there is a low level of practice of work incentives as a means to increase the motivation of employees.  

Since the advent of the internet, online sales began to grow significantly, going from being a mechanism used by large company accounts, to being a fundamental tool for multiple businesses. In the present work, the role of online sales of mass consumption products in the growth of MSMEs on Calle Chile in the city of Portoviejo, Ecuador, was analyzed. The importance of this type of analysis lies in knowing if as a result of the pandemic changes began in this type of business, which, unlike the commercial dynamics in other sectors such as gastronomy or the trade of technologies, had not had the same process of commercial digitalization. Therefore, using questionnaires, we sought to determine if some aspects such as digital infrastructure, online sales, public development, among others, influenced the growth of these through the relationship with total sales. It was found that, unlike other studies, online sales do not represent an influential factor in the growth of the MSMEs analyzed.   

The research was developed under a qualitative approach since it is based on data collection using as a methodology the documentary and bibliographic review of the existing contributions and the analysis of the instrumentalization of social responsibility in SMEs through norms, global standards and models of excellence; being the main objective to know and inquire about the perception about the knowledge of social responsibility practices for the SMEs of the Machala Canton, province of El Oro. The results determine that the SMEs of the Machala canton have a perception that is not correct regarding the execution of corporate social responsibility policies, they are unaware of the implementation process, its impact on the economic, social and environmental axes; being an enigma in its implementation within business policies. Keywords: Social Responsibility, SMEs, management, Machala Canton